Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000774
Ingrid Dănilă, R. Balázsi, D. Tăut, A. Băban, H. Foran
Abstract: Social cognitive models of parenting consider the role of unrealistic parental expectations (UE) regarding children’s abilities and behaviors as antecedents to the occurrence of child abuse. However, existing self-report measures of UE yield inconsistent results, often failing to differentiate aggressive and non-aggressive parents, raising questions about their validity and utility in understanding maladaptive parenting. To address these concerns, we developed and tested a new measure of parental UE in two samples of parents. The first sample ( N = 179) was used to test the initial structure of the scale, while the second sample ( N = 249) was used to replicate the structure and examine the concurrent validity, criterion validity, and internal consistency of the new measure. The final scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency, criterion, and concurrent validity. More unrealistic expectations predicted unique variance in parental negative behavior after controlling for other related variables. The current study provides preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Parental Expectations Scale (PES), discussing its utility in the clinical assessment of parents at risk for child abuse and in tailoring parenting interventions.
{"title":"Development and Validation of the Parental Expectations Scale (PES) in Parents From Romania","authors":"Ingrid Dănilă, R. Balázsi, D. Tăut, A. Băban, H. Foran","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000774","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Social cognitive models of parenting consider the role of unrealistic parental expectations (UE) regarding children’s abilities and behaviors as antecedents to the occurrence of child abuse. However, existing self-report measures of UE yield inconsistent results, often failing to differentiate aggressive and non-aggressive parents, raising questions about their validity and utility in understanding maladaptive parenting. To address these concerns, we developed and tested a new measure of parental UE in two samples of parents. The first sample ( N = 179) was used to test the initial structure of the scale, while the second sample ( N = 249) was used to replicate the structure and examine the concurrent validity, criterion validity, and internal consistency of the new measure. The final scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency, criterion, and concurrent validity. More unrealistic expectations predicted unique variance in parental negative behavior after controlling for other related variables. The current study provides preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Parental Expectations Scale (PES), discussing its utility in the clinical assessment of parents at risk for child abuse and in tailoring parenting interventions.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46518174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000775
Emanuele Fino, S. Popușoi, A. Holman, P. Iliceto, N. Heym
Abstract: The present research tested the dimensionality and cross-cultural differential item functioning of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; Paulhus et al., 2021 ) in samples of university students (total N = 804) from Italy ( N = 268), Romania ( N = 313), and the United Kingdom ( N = 223), respectively. Multidimensional Item Response Theory was used to model the data and ordinal logistic regression for differential item functioning analyses. The results showed that a four-factor model was the best fit for the data. However, the model showed metric non-invariance between the three samples, as well as non-negligible differential item functioning for several items in each of the four factors, in line with findings from previous research on cultural differences in antagonistic traits. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
摘要：本研究分别在来自意大利（N=268）、罗马尼亚（N=313）和英国（N=223）的大学生（总人数N=804）样本中测试了短暗四元组（SD4；Paulhus et al.，2021）的维度和跨文化差异项目功能。多维项目反应理论用于数据建模，有序逻辑回归用于差异项目功能分析。结果表明，四因素模型最适合数据。然而，该模型显示了三个样本之间的度量非不变性，以及四个因素中每个因素中几个项目的不可忽略的差异项目功能，这与之前关于拮抗性状文化差异的研究结果一致。讨论了对理论和研究的启示。
{"title":"Dimensionality, Factorial Invariance, and Cross-Cultural Differential Item Functioning of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) in Italian, Romanian, and UK Samples","authors":"Emanuele Fino, S. Popușoi, A. Holman, P. Iliceto, N. Heym","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The present research tested the dimensionality and cross-cultural differential item functioning of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; Paulhus et al., 2021 ) in samples of university students (total N = 804) from Italy ( N = 268), Romania ( N = 313), and the United Kingdom ( N = 223), respectively. Multidimensional Item Response Theory was used to model the data and ordinal logistic regression for differential item functioning analyses. The results showed that a four-factor model was the best fit for the data. However, the model showed metric non-invariance between the three samples, as well as non-negligible differential item functioning for several items in each of the four factors, in line with findings from previous research on cultural differences in antagonistic traits. Implications for theory and research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48731594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000771
Silvia Grieder, L. Visser, M. Timmerman, A. Grob
Abstract: We examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the intelligence and basic skills domains of the Intelligence and Development Scales – 2 (IDS-2) with the Dutch ( N = 1,665) and German ( N = 1,672) standardization samples. First, we tested five competing models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Dutch data: two empirically based, derived earlier from the German data, and three theoretically based (IDS-2 and two Cattell–Horn–Carroll-based). Subsequently, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the final model across the Dutch and German versions and gender using multiple-group CFA and across age using local structural equation modeling. A second-order model with six first-order factors best represented the Dutch IDS-2 structure. Five IDS-2 factors were confirmed, but Visual Processing and Abstract Reasoning, and the intelligence and basic skills domains were not separable. This model displayed full invariance across the language versions and was largely invariant across gender and age (7–20 years). Thus, scores derived according to this model are comparable across these language versions, gender, and age. The strong general intelligence factor and weak broad ability factors ask for precaution when basing clinical interpretation on the broad ability factors.
{"title":"Measurement Invariance of the Intelligence and Development Scales – 2 Across Language Versions, Gender, and Age","authors":"Silvia Grieder, L. Visser, M. Timmerman, A. Grob","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000771","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: We examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the intelligence and basic skills domains of the Intelligence and Development Scales – 2 (IDS-2) with the Dutch ( N = 1,665) and German ( N = 1,672) standardization samples. First, we tested five competing models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Dutch data: two empirically based, derived earlier from the German data, and three theoretically based (IDS-2 and two Cattell–Horn–Carroll-based). Subsequently, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the final model across the Dutch and German versions and gender using multiple-group CFA and across age using local structural equation modeling. A second-order model with six first-order factors best represented the Dutch IDS-2 structure. Five IDS-2 factors were confirmed, but Visual Processing and Abstract Reasoning, and the intelligence and basic skills domains were not separable. This model displayed full invariance across the language versions and was largely invariant across gender and age (7–20 years). Thus, scores derived according to this model are comparable across these language versions, gender, and age. The strong general intelligence factor and weak broad ability factors ask for precaution when basing clinical interpretation on the broad ability factors.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49329178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000773
Dana Bonnardel, L. Chénard-Poirier, D. Lajoie
Abstract: While person-centered analyses can provide information on important configural effects in the context of multi-dimensional constructs, we have found little research taking this approach with innovation climate. Specifically, we found no research applying this approach to results from the Team Climate Inventory, the most frequently used questionnaire on innovation climate. Therefore, we explore the presence of latent profiles in responses to the Team Climate Inventory and extend this exploration to associations between the profiles and self-reported innovative behaviors. Latent profile analyses conducted on two samples of 435 and 461 participants indicated the presence of three innovation climate profiles respectively indicating low, medium, and high scores on innovation climate dimensions. Innovative behaviors covaried with profiles accordingly. The multi-group analysis supported the similarity between latent profile solutions across samples. We discuss the apparent lack of potential for configural effects and invite researchers who could be interested in interactive effects between climate dimensions to verify whether the configurations implied by their interactions are actually present in the data.
{"title":"Innovation Climate Profiles","authors":"Dana Bonnardel, L. Chénard-Poirier, D. Lajoie","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000773","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: While person-centered analyses can provide information on important configural effects in the context of multi-dimensional constructs, we have found little research taking this approach with innovation climate. Specifically, we found no research applying this approach to results from the Team Climate Inventory, the most frequently used questionnaire on innovation climate. Therefore, we explore the presence of latent profiles in responses to the Team Climate Inventory and extend this exploration to associations between the profiles and self-reported innovative behaviors. Latent profile analyses conducted on two samples of 435 and 461 participants indicated the presence of three innovation climate profiles respectively indicating low, medium, and high scores on innovation climate dimensions. Innovative behaviors covaried with profiles accordingly. The multi-group analysis supported the similarity between latent profile solutions across samples. We discuss the apparent lack of potential for configural effects and invite researchers who could be interested in interactive effects between climate dimensions to verify whether the configurations implied by their interactions are actually present in the data.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46721704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000765
Beatrice Rammstedt, L. Roemer, Clemens M. Lechner
Abstract: The assessment of the Big Five personality domains is standard practice in most large-scale social surveys nowadays. The instrument most widely used for this purpose is the BFI-10, an ultra-short measure assessing each Big Five domain with two items. Recent studies have identified issues with the structural properties of the BFI-10, especially its factorial validity. To investigate whether these issues arise from the instrument itself or biases due to translation or sampling, we examined the extent to which the structural properties of the BFI-10 in terms of descriptive statistics, intercorrelations, reliability, and factorial validity vary when keeping the target population and language constant. Results revealed that, across 16 independent samples (total N ~ 60,000) from eight large-scale surveys representative of the adult population in Germany, the structural properties of the BFI-10 were (a) largely consistent and (b) mostly adequate. Most importantly, in nearly all samples, patterns of loading were congruent with an idealized Big Five structure, thereby supporting factorial validity. These results demonstrate that the structural properties of the BFI-10 are highly stable and replicable in large-scale samples. Especially given its brevity, the BFI-10 can thus be regarded as adequate for use in large-scale survey settings.
{"title":"Consistency of the Structural Properties of the BFI-10 Across 16 Samples From Eight Large-Scale Surveys in Germany","authors":"Beatrice Rammstedt, L. Roemer, Clemens M. Lechner","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000765","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The assessment of the Big Five personality domains is standard practice in most large-scale social surveys nowadays. The instrument most widely used for this purpose is the BFI-10, an ultra-short measure assessing each Big Five domain with two items. Recent studies have identified issues with the structural properties of the BFI-10, especially its factorial validity. To investigate whether these issues arise from the instrument itself or biases due to translation or sampling, we examined the extent to which the structural properties of the BFI-10 in terms of descriptive statistics, intercorrelations, reliability, and factorial validity vary when keeping the target population and language constant. Results revealed that, across 16 independent samples (total N ~ 60,000) from eight large-scale surveys representative of the adult population in Germany, the structural properties of the BFI-10 were (a) largely consistent and (b) mostly adequate. Most importantly, in nearly all samples, patterns of loading were congruent with an idealized Big Five structure, thereby supporting factorial validity. These results demonstrate that the structural properties of the BFI-10 are highly stable and replicable in large-scale samples. Especially given its brevity, the BFI-10 can thus be regarded as adequate for use in large-scale survey settings.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000768
Roxana M. Spinu, Andreea Corbeanu
Abstract: Conceived as an in vitro experiment, this study explores four ways of designing employee assessment reports to determine which of them is more efficient in selection decisions. Based on feedback, information design, and the educational testing literature, we addressed the design of assessment reports from two different perspectives: the wording (score vs. trait descriptions) and the formatting (bulleted lists vs. paragraphs) of the text. A total of 247 human resources specialists received a job description and two personality profiles and were asked to decide which of the two fictitious candidates is more suitable for the job. The study was a 2 × 2 × 2 design, manipulating the difficulty of the decision, the text wording, and the text formatting. The model was statistically significant, χ2(7) = 29.9, p < .001, and explained 16.1% of the variance in the selection decision. In the easy scenario, all types of reports were efficient. In the difficult scenario, reports using score descriptions and paragraphs were more efficient than any of the other three conditions. This study primarily contributes from a practical point of view, showing that different ways of building assessment reports lead to different selection decisions. It also emphasizes the responsibility that organizations and assessment providers have when communicating assessment results to decision-makers.
摘要:本研究以体外实验的形式，探讨了四种员工评估报告的设计方法，以确定哪一种方法在选择决策中更有效。基于反馈、信息设计和教育测试文献，我们从两个不同的角度来设计评估报告:文本的措辞(分数与特征描述)和格式(项目符号列表与段落)。共有247名人力资源专家收到了一份职位描述和两份性格介绍，并被要求在两个虚构的候选人中决定哪一个更适合这份工作。该研究采用2x2 × 2设计，操纵决策的难度、文本措辞和文本格式。该模型具有统计学意义，χ2(7) = 29.9, p < .001，解释了选择决策中16.1%的方差。在简单的场景中，所有类型的报告都是高效的。在困难的情况下，使用分数描述和段落的报告比其他三种情况更有效。本研究主要从实践的角度出发，表明构建评估报告的不同方式导致不同的选择决策。它还强调了组织和评估提供者在向决策者传达评估结果时所承担的责任。
{"title":"Toward a Better Future for Assessment Reports","authors":"Roxana M. Spinu, Andreea Corbeanu","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000768","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Conceived as an in vitro experiment, this study explores four ways of designing employee assessment reports to determine which of them is more efficient in selection decisions. Based on feedback, information design, and the educational testing literature, we addressed the design of assessment reports from two different perspectives: the wording (score vs. trait descriptions) and the formatting (bulleted lists vs. paragraphs) of the text. A total of 247 human resources specialists received a job description and two personality profiles and were asked to decide which of the two fictitious candidates is more suitable for the job. The study was a 2 × 2 × 2 design, manipulating the difficulty of the decision, the text wording, and the text formatting. The model was statistically significant, χ2(7) = 29.9, p < .001, and explained 16.1% of the variance in the selection decision. In the easy scenario, all types of reports were efficient. In the difficult scenario, reports using score descriptions and paragraphs were more efficient than any of the other three conditions. This study primarily contributes from a practical point of view, showing that different ways of building assessment reports lead to different selection decisions. It also emphasizes the responsibility that organizations and assessment providers have when communicating assessment results to decision-makers.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43467075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000767
Thomas Brüggemann, Ulrich Ludewig, Ramona Lorenz, Nele McElvany
Abstract: The use of digital media in education can bring great benefits and its use in schooling is steadily increasing. Administrating paper- versus computer-based as well as fixed-item versus adaptive tests could create differences in test experience, which can threaten the comparability of test results. This study investigated how the pen-and-paper, computer-based, and computer-adaptive test formats of a standardized reading comprehension test affect test anxiety and motivation among German fourth-grade students. A within-class randomized field trial with 387 fourth graders (aged: 9–10 years; 46.3% female) was conducted. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed no differences in state test anxiety between the test formats when controlling for trait test anxiety and pre-test state anxiety, but state reading motivation was initially higher when reading on a screen, controlling for trait reading motivation. However, this difference diminishes over the course of the test. Implications for using digital media in elementary school test situations are discussed.
{"title":"Effects of Test Mode and Medium on Elementary School Students’ Test Experience","authors":"Thomas Brüggemann, Ulrich Ludewig, Ramona Lorenz, Nele McElvany","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000767","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The use of digital media in education can bring great benefits and its use in schooling is steadily increasing. Administrating paper- versus computer-based as well as fixed-item versus adaptive tests could create differences in test experience, which can threaten the comparability of test results. This study investigated how the pen-and-paper, computer-based, and computer-adaptive test formats of a standardized reading comprehension test affect test anxiety and motivation among German fourth-grade students. A within-class randomized field trial with 387 fourth graders (aged: 9–10 years; 46.3% female) was conducted. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed no differences in state test anxiety between the test formats when controlling for trait test anxiety and pre-test state anxiety, but state reading motivation was initially higher when reading on a screen, controlling for trait reading motivation. However, this difference diminishes over the course of the test. Implications for using digital media in elementary school test situations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46427317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000769
Ana M. Castaño, Mónica Zuazua, Antonio L. García-Izquierdo
Abstract: Modernization of Public Administration (PA), to provide a high-quality service, requires improvements in managerial personnel assessment processes. For this purpose, we developed and validated a management competency model that would enable Spanish PA to enhance organizational achievements and prevent corrupt practices. Relations between managers’ competencies and their performance would be perceived as a fairer assessment of human resources processes and ultimately lead to the promotion of ethical behavior within the organization. We followed a mixed-method approach. Study 1 began with a content analysis of articles referring to managerial competencies, followed by Focus Groups and a Delphi panel procedure with subject matter experts, which resulted in a model of eight competencies. Based on this model, in Study 2, we developed a reliable and invariant-across-gender questionnaire (Public Manager Competencies Questionnaire – PUMACQ), which was validated with composite performance criteria (task, contextual, and unethical pro-organizational behavior), by means of a cross-sectional design survey on public managers from around Spain ( N = 439), using structural equation analyses. Our main results show significant relationships between job performance and the competencies of leadership, communication, engagement with PA, innovation orientation, and ethics. Finally, we discuss the practical applications of the results in the public context.
{"title":"Development, Measurement, and Validation of a Managerial Competency Model in Spain","authors":"Ana M. Castaño, Mónica Zuazua, Antonio L. García-Izquierdo","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000769","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Modernization of Public Administration (PA), to provide a high-quality service, requires improvements in managerial personnel assessment processes. For this purpose, we developed and validated a management competency model that would enable Spanish PA to enhance organizational achievements and prevent corrupt practices. Relations between managers’ competencies and their performance would be perceived as a fairer assessment of human resources processes and ultimately lead to the promotion of ethical behavior within the organization. We followed a mixed-method approach. Study 1 began with a content analysis of articles referring to managerial competencies, followed by Focus Groups and a Delphi panel procedure with subject matter experts, which resulted in a model of eight competencies. Based on this model, in Study 2, we developed a reliable and invariant-across-gender questionnaire (Public Manager Competencies Questionnaire – PUMACQ), which was validated with composite performance criteria (task, contextual, and unethical pro-organizational behavior), by means of a cross-sectional design survey on public managers from around Spain ( N = 439), using structural equation analyses. Our main results show significant relationships between job performance and the competencies of leadership, communication, engagement with PA, innovation orientation, and ethics. Finally, we discuss the practical applications of the results in the public context.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Grit, defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has received much attention over the last decade. However, its dimensionality is still very much up for debate. The present study examines whether the bidimensional structure of the construct is a statistical artifact caused by item reversal. The sample consisted of 1,115 participants ( Myears = 38.92; SD = 15.08), of whom 67.3% were women. Several confirmatory models were specified with different versions of two grit scales. A bifactor model with a grit-general factor and two method-specific factors (one direct items, the other reversed items) demonstrated better fit according to all indicators (Original Grit-S: CFI = .995, RMSEA = .024; Mixed Grit-S: CFI = .966, RMSEA = .068; Mixed EGO: CFI = .985, RMSEA = .051) than a bifactor model with a grit-general factor and two theoretical factors (perseverance of effort and consistency of interests, Original Grit-S: CFI = .933, RMSEA = .085; Mixed Grit-S: CFI = .944, RMSEA = .088; Mixed EGO: CFI = .982, RMSEA = .056). Grit is a unidimensional construct, and the two dimensions identified in previous studies (consistency of interests and perseverance of effort) were the result of a statistical artifact due to item reversal. In addition, redirecting the items modified the factor structure of the Grit-S scale. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
{"title":"The Bidimensionality of Grit","authors":"Álvaro Postigo, Jaime García-Fernández, Marcelino Cuesta, Covadonga González-Nuevo, Álvaro Menéndez-Aller, E. García-Cueto","doi":"10.1027/1015-5759/a000766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000766","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Grit, defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has received much attention over the last decade. However, its dimensionality is still very much up for debate. The present study examines whether the bidimensional structure of the construct is a statistical artifact caused by item reversal. The sample consisted of 1,115 participants ( Myears = 38.92; SD = 15.08), of whom 67.3% were women. Several confirmatory models were specified with different versions of two grit scales. A bifactor model with a grit-general factor and two method-specific factors (one direct items, the other reversed items) demonstrated better fit according to all indicators (Original Grit-S: CFI = .995, RMSEA = .024; Mixed Grit-S: CFI = .966, RMSEA = .068; Mixed EGO: CFI = .985, RMSEA = .051) than a bifactor model with a grit-general factor and two theoretical factors (perseverance of effort and consistency of interests, Original Grit-S: CFI = .933, RMSEA = .085; Mixed Grit-S: CFI = .944, RMSEA = .088; Mixed EGO: CFI = .982, RMSEA = .056). Grit is a unidimensional construct, and the two dimensions identified in previous studies (consistency of interests and perseverance of effort) were the result of a statistical artifact due to item reversal. In addition, redirecting the items modified the factor structure of the Grit-S scale. The practical implications of the study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42716771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000698
Carlota Urruela, Tom Booth, Manuel Eisner, Denis Ribeaud, Aja L. Murray
Abstract: A previous study developed and validated a multi-item instrument for the assessment of violent ideations, the “Violent Ideations Scale” (VIS). However, the final 12-item scale contained no items relating to sexual violence and was thus lacking an important dimension of violence. The current study explores an expansion of the original VIS to include ideations of sexual violence and investigates the psychometric properties of this new version: The Violent Ideations Scale-Extended (VIS-X). The VIS-X was completed by participants in the latest wave of the z-proso study ( N = 1,177; 595 females, 580 males aged 19–22 years). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted in a calibration sample and confirmatory factor analysis in a validation sample to establish a two subscale structure as optimal. Cronbach’s α and Composite Reliability suggested good internal consistency. Nomological analysis supported the convergent validity of the scores.
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