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Participation as ‘city-making’: a critical assessment of participatory planning in the Mukuru Special Planning Area in Nairobi, Kenya 参与“城市建设”:对肯尼亚内罗毕穆库鲁特别规划区参与性规划的批判性评估
2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1177/09562478231175031
Smith Ouma
This paper undertakes a critical analysis of participation as employed in planning for the Mukuru informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. In 2017, these settlements were declared a Special Planning Area (SPA) by the Nairobi City County Government, which triggered a participatory process aimed at developing an integrated development plan for the settlements. The SPA process, examined here as a mode of city-making, is understood as a political project that was aimed at reorienting power relations in the city and redefining the conditions of urban citizenship. It enabled the entry of the inhabitants of Mukuru into official domains of participation from which they engaged with other stakeholders in identifying pressing issues within the settlements, leading to co-produced interventions. The paper examines how participation was understood and tested in the SPA, its transformative aspects and some pitfalls that undermined the process.
本文对参与规划肯尼亚内罗毕穆库鲁非正式住区的情况进行了批判性分析。2017年,内罗毕市县政府宣布这些定居点为特别规划区(SPA),这引发了旨在制定定居点综合发展计划的参与性进程。SPA过程,作为一种城市建设模式,被理解为一个旨在重新定位城市权力关系和重新定义城市公民条件的政治项目。它使穆库鲁居民能够进入官方参与领域,与其他利益攸关方一起确定定居点内的紧迫问题,从而共同制定干预措施。本文考察了参与是如何被理解和测试的,它的变革方面和一些破坏进程的陷阱。
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引用次数: 0
Global development and urban studies: tactics for thinking beyond the North–South binary 全球发展和城市研究:超越南北二元思维的策略
IF 3.7 2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/09562478231172057
T. Gillespie, D. Mitlin
Recent calls to shift from an “international” to a “global” development paradigm have sought to challenge global North–South binaries. This has provoked lively debate, with criticisms focusing on two issues: the empirical question of North–South convergence since 1990, and the political-theoretical basis of the proposed paradigm. In response, this paper draws on innovations in postcolonial and comparative urban studies to propose three “tactics” for thinking globally about development: thinking from the South to understand the North; comparing across difference; and exploring transnational flows, circuits and relationships. These tactics demonstrate how it is possible to disrupt geographical binaries while also addressing the two major criticisms of the global development approach. First, they demonstrate that establishing convergence is not a prerequisite to thinking about development across the global North–South distinction. Second, they are informed by critical theoretical approaches that animate a deep commitment to transforming the structural causes of inequalities globally.
最近,从“国际”发展模式转向“全球”发展模式的呼吁,试图挑战全球南北二元对立。这引发了激烈的辩论,批评集中在两个问题上:1990年以来南北趋同的实证问题,以及所提出范式的政治理论基础。作为回应,本文借鉴后殖民和比较城市研究的创新,提出了三种全球发展思考的“策略”:从南方思考以理解北方;跨差异比较;探索跨国流动、回路和关系。这些策略表明,在解决对全球发展方法的两个主要批评的同时,如何打破地理上的二元对立是可能的。首先,它们表明,建立趋同并不是思考跨越全球南北差异的发展的先决条件。其次,他们受到批判性理论方法的启发,这些理论方法激发了对改变全球不平等的结构性原因的深刻承诺。
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引用次数: 2
Social movements in the context of crisis: waste picker organizations as collaborative public partners in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. 危机背景下的社会运动:在COVID-19大流行背景下,拾荒组织作为协作公共伙伴
IF 3.7 2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/09562478221151110
Jutta Gutberlet, Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano de Azevedo, Leandro Morais, Miguel Juan Bacic, Maryellen Silva de Mesquita

Social movements are purposeful, organized groups of people addressing the creation and reproduction of inequality, rights and access issues, seeking to transform sectoral policies. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, social movements have been acting in articulation with government and private companies and through other actions formulated within their networks, as service deliverers to the poor and vulnerable populations most heavily affected, often filling a gap created by unfulfilled policies. Our research with waste picker organizations in Brazil illustrates how their struggle for recognition has taken action in this context. Academic and government documents, social media and online material (blogs, posts, websites, etc.) and virtual meetings inform this research. We found that multiple actors have contributed to mitigate the urgent needs of waste pickers during the pandemic, but that at the same time, pre-existing challenges in waste management and the lack of wide-ranging social and economic inclusion have been further intensified.

社会运动是有目的、有组织的人群,旨在解决不平等、权利和机会问题的产生和再生产,寻求改变部门政策。在2019冠状病毒病大流行的背景下,社会运动作为受影响最严重的贫困和弱势群体的服务提供者,与政府和私营公司合作,并通过其网络内制定的其他行动采取行动,往往填补了因政策未落实而造成的空白。我们对巴西拾荒者组织的研究表明,在这种情况下,他们争取认可的斗争是如何采取行动的。学术和政府文件、社交媒体和在线材料(博客、帖子、网站等)以及虚拟会议为本研究提供了信息。我们发现,在大流行期间,多个行为体为缓解拾荒者的迫切需求作出了贡献,但与此同时,废物管理方面原有的挑战以及缺乏广泛的社会和经济包容的问题进一步加剧。
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引用次数: 1
Framing ‘slums’: global policy discourses and urban inequalities 构建“贫民窟”:全球政策话语与城市不平等
IF 3.7 2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/09562478221150210
S. Khan, D. T. te Lintelo, H. MacGregor
Slums and informal settlements have long been a policy concern, particularly in post-independence cities of the global South. Although national and local governments devise public policy seeking to address these habitations, these policy initiatives occur in conversation with the often far less visible global policy discourses of international urban development actors. Positing their ideational influence, this study analyses how global discourses from key multilateral agencies and donors have framed the problem of slums and informal settlements over time, to uncover assumptions and biases that ideationally, if indirectly, contribute to urban inequality, marginalization and socio-spatial othering in the city.
贫民窟和非正规住区长期以来一直是政策关注的问题,特别是在全球南方独立后的城市。尽管国家和地方政府制定了旨在解决这些居住问题的公共政策,但这些政策举措是在与国际城市发展行为者的全球政策话语对话时提出的,而这些话语往往远不那么引人注目。本研究分析了关键多边机构和捐助者的全球话语如何随着时间的推移来界定贫民窟和非正规住区问题,以揭示在概念上(如果间接的话)导致城市不平等、边缘化和城市社会空间差异的假设和偏见。
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引用次数: 0
Summaries of Articles 文章摘要
2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/09562478231153769
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引用次数: 0
Divided infrastructure: legal exclusion and water inequality in an urban slum in Mumbai, India. 被分割的基础设施:印度孟买城市贫民窟中的法律排斥与用水不平等。
IF 2 2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/09562478221121737
Maya Lubeck-Schricker, Anita Patil-Deshmukh, Sharmila L Murthy, Munni Devi Chaubey, Baliram Boomkar, Nizamuddin Shaikh, Tejal Shitole, Misha Eliasziw, Ramnath Subbaraman

Inadequate water access is central to the experience of urban inequality across low- and middle-income countries and leads to adverse health and social outcomes. Previous literature on water inequality in Mumbai, India's second largest city, offers diverse explanations for water disparities between and within slums.(1) This study provides new insights on water disparities in Mumbai's slums by evaluating the influence of legal status on water access. We analyzed data from 593 households in Mandala, a slum with legally recognized (notified) and unrecognized (non-notified) neighborhoods. Relative to households in a notified neighborhood, households in a non-notified neighborhood suffered disadvantages in water infrastructure, accessibility, reliability, and spending. Non-notified households used significantly fewer liters per capita per day of water, even after controlling for religion and socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that legal exclusion may be a central driver of water inequality. Extending legal recognition to excluded slum settlements, neighborhoods, and households could be a powerful intervention for reducing urban water inequality.

供水不足是中低收入国家城市不平等现象的核心,会导致不良的健康和社会后果。以往关于印度第二大城市孟买用水不平等的文献对贫民窟之间和内部的用水差距提供了不同的解释(1)。本研究通过评估法律地位对用水的影响,对孟买贫民窟的用水差距提供了新的见解。我们分析了曼达拉(Mandala)593 户家庭的数据,曼达拉是一个贫民窟,有得到法律认可的(公告的)和未得到法律认可的(非公告的)社区。与获准居民区的家庭相比,未获准居民区的家庭在供水基础设施、可获得性、可靠性和支出方面都处于劣势。即使在控制了宗教信仰和社会经济地位之后,未获通知的家庭的人均日用水量也要少得多。我们的研究结果表明,法律排斥可能是造成用水不平等的主要原因。将法律认可扩大到被排斥的贫民窟、社区和家庭可能是减少城市用水不平等的有力干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Addressing urban inequalities II: discursive and material practices through scale 社论:解决城市不平等问题II:通过规模的讨论和物质实践
IF 3.7 2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/09562478231153761
C. Levy, Alexandre Apsan Frediani, S. Butcher, C. Cociña, M. Acuto
This is the second part of the special double issue of Environment and Urbanization that seeks to advance our understanding of urban inequality and how it can be addressed at different scales. The first issue in October 2022 proposed a framework for assessing pathways to urban equality based on the recognition of two fundamental conditions. The first is the importance of a multidimensional approach to poverty and inequality. The second is the necessity for bringing together multiple ways of knowing, crucial not only for a deeper understanding of inequalities, but also for the transformative potential of such “knowledges” when they are co-produced. In this second issue, these themes are explored further by focusing on the discursive and material practices at different scales that can reinforce inequalities, but that when co-produced with the aim of fulfilling the rights of urban residents, can also construct and reproduce pathways to urban equality. As we noted in the first issue:
这是《环境与城市化》特刊的第二部分,旨在增进我们对城市不平等的理解,以及如何在不同规模上解决这一问题。第一期在2022年10月提出了一个框架,在承认两个基本条件的基础上评估实现城市平等的途径。首先是对贫困和不平等采取多维方法的重要性。第二,有必要将多种认识方式结合在一起,这不仅对更深入地理解不平等至关重要,而且对这些“知识”在共同产生时的变革潜力也至关重要。在第二期中,这些主题将通过关注不同尺度的话语和物质实践来进一步探讨,这些实践可能会加剧不平等,但当它们与实现城市居民权利的目标共同产生时,也可以构建和复制通往城市平等的途径。正如我们在第一期中指出的那样:
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引用次数: 0
Bulletin Board 留言板
IF 3.7 2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/09562478231153762
Bulletin Board, I. M. stateMent
Environment and Urbanization (E&U) seeks to advance a more socially just and environmentally sustainable urban world through the provision of knowledge. Our focus is the global South, where an estimated one in three of the urban population live in informal settlements and where more than half work within the informal economy. UN projections suggest that almost all the world’s growth in population in the next few decades will be in urban centres in the global South. Contributors to E&U include those engaging with critical social science to add theoretical and conceptual insights, those reporting innovative empirical findings that augment our understanding of context and solutions (and their significance for theories and concepts), and those able to share the voices of activist representative groups and movements that are rarely seen in the scholarly literature. In other words, our journal aims both to advance social justice and be the change we strive for by encouraging contributions that share the perspectives of disadvantaged and marginalized groups. E&U particularly encourages researchers, NGO staff, professionals and activists in Africa, Asia and Latin America to write about their work, present their ideas and debate issues. We promote the work of FrenchSpanishand Portuguese-speaking authors by arranging for the translation of their work into English. Papers commonly deal with poverty, inequality and the power relations underpinning both disadvantage and transformation. Papers also report on trends, policies, programmes and practices related to urbanization, urban development and urban environments. We are concerned with processes of progressive change, while recognizing that these are contested, and that change is neither uni-linear nor necessarily progressive. Urbanization processes are often poorly understood and papers that contribute insights supporting an accurate understanding of grounded realities are important to us. We recognize that sustainable development, including needed responses to climate change, is critical to both current and future populations, and that ecosystems have a critical role in the wellbeing of urban populations and the resilience of their cities. We encourage contributions related to such themes.
环境与城市化(E&U)寻求通过提供知识来推动一个更具社会公正性和环境可持续性的城市世界。我们的重点是全球南方,估计三分之一的城市人口生活在非正规住区,一半以上在非正规经济中工作。联合国的预测表明,未来几十年,世界上几乎所有的人口增长都将发生在全球南方的城市中心。E&U的贡献者包括那些参与批判性社会科学以增加理论和概念见解的人,那些报告创新的实证发现以增强我们对背景和解决方案的理解(以及它们对理论和概念的意义)的人,以及那些能够分享学术文献中罕见的活动家代表团体和运动的声音的人。换言之,我们的期刊旨在促进社会正义,并通过鼓励分享弱势和边缘化群体观点的贡献,成为我们努力实现的变革。E&U特别鼓励非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的研究人员、非政府组织工作人员、专业人士和活动家写下他们的工作,提出他们的想法并讨论问题。我们通过安排将法语和葡萄牙语作者的作品翻译成英语来促进他们的作品。论文通常涉及贫困、不平等以及支撑劣势和转型的权力关系。文件还报告了与城市化、城市发展和城市环境有关的趋势、政策、方案和做法。我们关注渐进式变革的过程,同时认识到这些过程是有争议的,变革既不是单向的,也不一定是渐进的。人们往往对城市化进程知之甚少,而那些有助于准确理解现实的见解的论文对我们来说很重要。我们认识到,可持续发展,包括应对气候变化的必要措施,对当前和未来的人口都至关重要,生态系统在城市人口的福祉和城市的复原力方面发挥着关键作用。我们鼓励与这些主题有关的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Sanitation citizenship: state expectations and community practices of shared toilet use and maintenance in urban India 卫生公民:印度城市公共厕所使用和维护的国家期望和社区实践
IF 3.7 2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/09562478221148027
K. O’reilly, J. Budds
Although India declared itself “open defecation free” in 2019, critics charge that its national urban sanitation campaign, Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban (SBM-U), has failed. SBM-U provided community toilets in informal settlements where household latrines were unviable, delegating their upkeep to local governments and users. Initially, these community toilets were used. However, the failure to maintain and repair them resulted in a reversion to open defecation, forcing the state to reconsider its decision to withdraw after construction. We use the SBM-U to develop a framework of “sanitation citizenship”, which emerges through sanitation infrastructure’s use and disuse, and emerges over its life course. We trace how mutual expectations and everyday practices of citizenship by the state and users aligned and fractured during the construction, maintenance and repair phases of community toilets. We argue that the changing material condition of infrastructure is critical to negotiations over mutual obligations and definitions of the citizenship contract.
尽管印度在2019年宣布自己“无露天排便”,但批评者指责其全国城市卫生运动Swachh Bharat Mission–urban(SBM-U)失败了。SBM-U在家庭厕所无法使用的非正规住区提供社区厕所,并将其维护委托给地方政府和用户。最初,这些社区厕所被使用。然而,由于未能对其进行维护和修复,导致其恢复露天排便,迫使该州重新考虑其在施工后撤出的决定。我们利用SBM-U制定了一个“卫生公民”框架,该框架通过卫生基础设施的使用和废弃而产生,并在其生命过程中产生。我们追踪了在社区厕所的建设、维护和维修阶段,国家和用户对公民身份的相互期望和日常实践是如何一致和破裂的。我们认为,不断变化的基础设施物质条件对于就公民合同的相互义务和定义进行谈判至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Tired 厌倦
IF 3.7 2区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.4324/9781315815060-37
Tina Cribbin
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引用次数: 2
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Environment and Urbanization
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