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Neg-Raising via Proform 通过Proform提高负性
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00474
Yuta Sakamoto
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引用次数: 0
Constraining Predicate Fronting 约束谓词前沿
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00466
Coppe van Urk
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引用次数: 0
(Im)possible Traces (可能的痕迹
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00467
Ethan Poole
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引用次数: 0
Ā-Probing for the Closest DP Ā-Probing为最近的DP
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00459
Kenyon Branan;Michael Yoshitaka Erlewine
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引用次数: 0
Adjective Order and Adnominal Modification in Naasioi Naasioi中的形容词顺序与名词修饰
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00464
Jason Brown
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引用次数: 0
Condition B and Other Conditions on Pronominal Licensing in Serbo-Croatian 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语代词使用的条件B和其他条件
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00475
Ivana Jovović
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引用次数: 0
Nasal Assimilation Counterfeeding and Allomorphy in Haitian: Nothing Is Still Something! 海地语中的鼻腔同化反哺和异形:没有什么还是有的!
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00469
Mohamed Lahrouchi;Shanti Ulfsbjorninn
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引用次数: 0
Large Language Models and the Argument from the Poverty of the Stimulus 大型语言模型与刺激贫困论证
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00533
Nur Lan, Emmanuel Chemla, Roni Katzir
How much of our linguistic knowledge is innate? According to much of theoretical linguistics, a fair amount. One of the best-known (and most contested) kinds of evidence for a large innate endowment is the so-called argument from the poverty of the stimulus (APS). In a nutshell, an APS obtains when human learners systematically make inductive leaps that are not warranted by the linguistic evidence. A weakness of the APS has been that it is very hard to assess what is warranted by the linguistic evidence. Current Artificial Neural Networks appear to offer a handle on this challenge, and a growing literature over the past few years has started to explore the potential implications of such models to questions of innateness. We focus here on Wilcox et al. (2023), who use several different networks to examine the available evidence as it pertains to wh-movement, including island constraints. They conclude that the (presumably linguistically-neutral) networks acquire an adequate knowledge of wh-movement, thus undermining an APS in this domain. We examine the evidence further, looking in particular at parasitic gaps and across-the-board movement, and argue that current networks do not, in fact, succeed in acquiring or even adequately approximating wh-movement from training corpora that roughly correspond in size to the linguistic input that children receive. We also show that the performance of one of the models improves considerably when the training data are artificially enriched with instances of parasitic gaps and across-the-board movement. This finding suggests, albeit tentatively, that the failure of the networks when trained on natural, unenriched corpora is due to the insufficient richness of the linguistic input, thus supporting the APS.
我们的语言知识有多少是与生俱来的?理论语言学认为,相当多。所谓的 "刺激贫乏论证"(APS)是最著名的(也是最有争议的)先天禀赋证据之一。一言以蔽之,当人类学习者系统性地做出与语言证据不符的归纳跳跃时,就会出现 APS。APS 的一个弱点是很难评估什么是语言证据所支持的。目前的人工神经网络似乎可以应对这一挑战,过去几年中,越来越多的文献开始探索此类模型对先天性问题的潜在影响。在此,我们重点讨论 Wilcox 等人(2023 年)的研究,他们使用了几种不同的网络来检查现有的证据,因为这些证据与包括岛屿限制在内的wh-movement 有关。他们得出的结论是,这些网络(大概是语言中性的)获得了关于语词移动的充分知识,从而削弱了这一领域的 APS。我们进一步研究了这些证据,特别是寄生间隙和全面移动,并认为目前的网络事实上并不能从训练语料库中成功地获得或甚至充分地接近wh-movement,而训练语料库的大小与儿童接受的语言输入大致相当。我们还表明,如果人为地在训练数据中加入寄生间隙和全面移动的实例,其中一个模型的性能就会大大提高。这一发现表明(尽管只是初步的),在自然的、未丰富化的语料库中训练的网络之所以失败,是由于语言输入的丰富性不足,从而支持了 APS。
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引用次数: 0
The Relevance of Unaccusativity to Possessive Datives 非指称性与所有格助词的相关性
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00532
Ziv Plotnik, Aya Meltzer-Asscher, Tal Siloni
The possessive dative construction has been widely adopted as an unaccusativity diagnostic (Borer and Grodzinsky 1986). Gafter (2014) casts doubt on the relevance of unaccusativity to the acceptability of the construction. We ran a series of acceptability judgment experiments to investigate the validity of the possessive dative construction as an unaccusativity diagnostic, controlling for possible confounds such as animacy, definiteness, plausibility, lexical choice, type of possession and context salience. The experiments reveal that possessive datives are significantly more acceptable with unaccusative verbs than with unergatives, including reflexive and emission verbs. We conclude that unaccusatives, but not unergatives, are grammatical in the construction, and defend a structural account of the data.
占有性助词结构已被广泛用作非指称性诊断(Borer 和 Grodzinsky,1986 年)。Gafter(2014)对非指称性与结构可接受性的相关性提出了质疑。我们进行了一系列可接受性判断实验,以研究占有性助词结构作为非指称性诊断的有效性,并控制了可能的混淆因素,如生动性、确定性、可信性、词汇选择、占有类型和语境显著性。实验结果表明,与非指称动词(包括反身动词和发出动词)一起使用时,占有性助词的可接受性明显高于与非谓语动词一起使用时。我们的结论是,在结构上,非指称动词(而不是非ergatives)是符合语法的,并为数据的结构解释进行了辩护。
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引用次数: 0
A Learning-Based Account of Phonological Tiers 基于学习的语音层级解释
IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00530
Caleb Belth
Morphophonological alternations often involve dependencies between adjacent segments. Despite the apparent distance between relevant segments in the alternations that arise in consonant and vowel harmony, these dependencies can usually be viewed as adjacent on a tier representation. However, the tier needed to render dependencies adjacent varies crosslinguistically, and the abstract nature of tier representations in comparison to flat, string-like representations has led phonologists to seek justification for their use in phonological theory. In this paper, I propose a learning-based account of tier-like representations. I argue that humans show a proclivity for tracking dependencies between adjacent items, and propose a simple learning algorithm that incorporates this proclivity by tracking only adjacent dependencies. The model changes representations in response to being unable to predict the surface form of alternating segments—a decision governed by the Tolerance Principle, which allows for learning despite the sparsity and exceptions inevitable in naturalistic data. Tier-like representations naturally emerge from this learning procedure, and, when trained on small amounts of natural language data, the model achieves high accuracy generalizing to held-out test words, while flexibly handling cross-linguistic complexities like neutral segments and blockers. The model also makes precise predictions about human generalization behavior, and these are consistently borne out in artificial language experiments.
语音交替常常涉及相邻音段之间的依存关系。尽管在辅音和元音和谐交替中,相关音段之间的距离很明显,但在层级表征中,这些依赖关系通常可以被视为相邻的。然而,使相邻依赖关系相邻所需的层级在跨语言上是不同的,而且层级表征与平面的字符串式表征相比具有抽象性,这使得语音学家们开始寻求在语音学理论中使用层级表征的理由。在本文中,我提出了一种基于学习的层状表征解释。我认为人类倾向于追踪相邻项目之间的依赖关系,并提出了一种简单的学习算法,通过只追踪相邻的依赖关系来整合这种倾向。该模型在无法预测交替片段的表面形式时会改变表征--这是由容忍原则(Tolerance Principle)决定的,该原则允许在自然数据不可避免的稀疏性和例外情况下进行学习。在这种学习过程中,自然而然地产生了层级式表征,当在少量自然语言数据上进行训练时,该模型在泛化到保持不变的测试词上时达到了很高的准确性,同时还能灵活处理跨语言的复杂性,如中性句段和阻塞词。该模型还能精确预测人类的泛化行为,这些预测在人工语言实验中也得到了证实。
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引用次数: 0
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Linguistic Inquiry
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