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Trio of human, old and new copilots: Collaborative accountability of human, manuals/standards, and artificial intelligence (AI) 人类、老飞行员和新飞行员三位一体:人力、手册/标准和人工智能(AI)的协同问责
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101090
Junesoo Lee, Duk-Jo Kong, Taejun Lee
Humans have developed and employed manuals to systematically organize, standardize, and transfer knowledge for decision-making in organizations. These manuals and standards have served as a "conventional copilot" for humans’ intellectual activities, taking the form of collected references or operational procedures. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a "novel copilot" that aids humans in organizations. Given the two non-human supports, this article aims to redefine the relational dynamics among the trio (human, manuals/standards, and AI). It analyzes and suggests that, rather than the new copilot (AI) making the old one (manuals/standards) obsolete, the trio needs to collaborate and complement one another to sustain accountabilities in terms of contingency, competence, and stewardship.
人类制定并使用手册来系统地组织、规范和传递知识,以便在组织中进行决策。这些手册和标准以收集参考资料或操作程序的形式,成为人类智力活动的 "传统副驾驶"。最近,人工智能(AI)作为 "新型副驾驶 "出现,在组织中为人类提供帮助。鉴于这两种非人类支持,本文旨在重新定义三者(人类、手册/标准和人工智能)之间的关系动态。文章分析并提出,与其说新的副驾驶(人工智能)使旧的副驾驶(手册/标准)过时,不如说三者需要相互协作、相互补充,以维持在应急、能力和管理方面的责任。
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引用次数: 0
Positive mindset: PsyCap’s roles in PERMA+4 and positive organizational psychology, behavior, and scholarship 2.0 积极心态:PsyCap 在 PERMA+4 和积极组织心理学、行为学和学术 2.0 中的作用
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101084
Stewart I. Donaldson, Jennifer Villalobos
This paper explores the role of mindset and Positive Organizational Psychology (POP) in modern workplaces amid increasing acknowledgment of mental and emotional attitudes influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. It discusses the shift in focus from traditional problem-centric approaches in behavioral sciences to a balanced perspective that encompasses both strengths and deficits, as advocated by Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi. This shift has given rise to Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) and Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS), emphasizing human resource strengths and psychological capacities. The paper draws on the PERMA+4 framework, an extension of Seligman’s original model incorporating Physical Health, Mindset, Work Environment, and Economic Security alongside Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment to emphasize the unique role of Positive Mindset. It specifically describes promising research on work-related well-being and optimal work performance, evidence-based practices, and programs at the worker, supervisor/leader, group, and organizational level of analysis. Relatedly, this paper illustrates how one of the most empirically sound constructs within the positive psychology literature, Psychological Capital (PsyCap), can be used to cultivate the essential building block of Positive Mindset toward well-being practices, programs, and applications and more broadly, positive organizational psychology, behavior, and scholarship 2.0 research and applications at multiple levels of analysis. PsyCap theory, research, and evidence-based practices and applications will be discussed in light of how employees’ Positive Mindsets improve the quality of workplaces and the effectiveness of organizations.
本文探讨了心态和积极组织心理学(POP)在现代工作场所中的作用,因为越来越多的人认识到,心理和情感态度会影响个人对世界的看法以及与世界的互动。报告讨论了行为科学的重点从传统的以问题为中心的方法向塞利格曼和辛辛那提所倡导的包含优势和不足的平衡视角的转变。这一转变催生了积极组织行为(POB)和积极组织学术(POS),强调人力资源的优势和心理能力。本文借鉴了 PERMA+4 框架,该框架是塞利格曼原始模型的延伸,将身体健康、心态、工作环境和经济安全与积极情绪、参与、关系、意义和成就结合在一起,以强调积极心态的独特作用。本文具体介绍了与工作相关的幸福感和最佳工作表现方面的前景研究、循证实践以及工人、主管/领导、团体和组织分析层面的计划。与此相关的是,本文阐述了积极心理学文献中最具实证性的构架之一--心理资本(PsyCap)--如何用于培养积极心态的基本构件,以实现幸福实践、计划和应用,以及更广泛意义上的积极组织心理学、行为学和学术 2.0 在多个分析层面上的研究和应用。将根据员工的积极心态如何提高工作场所的质量和组织的效率,讨论 PsyCap 理论、研究和循证实践与应用。
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引用次数: 0
Design thinking: Executing your organization's commitment to customer centricity 设计思维:履行企业以客户为中心的承诺
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101077
Robert C. Ford, Keenan D. Yoho
This paper discusses the concept of design thinking as an approach for organizations to become more customer-centric and elevate experiences. Design thinking involves understanding user needs, continuously iterating solutions, and embracing ambiguity through rapid experimentation. It places the customer at the heart of problem solving and innovation. The paper outlines five key steps of design thinking: 1) Empathize – Deeply understand user needs and expectations through ethnographic research like interviews and observations; 2) Define – Clearly identify problems or opportunities based on research, using tools like customer personas and journey maps; 3) Ideate – Brainstorm creative alternatives, drawing solutions from diverse sources of input including customers, employees, competitors, etc; 4) Prototype – Rapidly develop inexpensive prototypes for users to experience and provide feedback on to facilitate continuous improvement; 5) Test – Place prototypes into real-world environments and use co-creation by collaborating with users to further refine concepts. Successfully utilizing design thinking requires an organizational culture valuing customer-centricity, embracing continuous change, and failing fast to pivot quickly. The paper discusses applying design thinking to both external customer interfaces and internal operations and processes to elevate experiences across the board. This human-centric approach transforms businesses by keeping user needs central and enables the continual adaptation necessary in today's world to offer memorable engagements that foster lifelong customer relationships.
本文讨论了设计思维的概念,它是一种让企业更加以客户为中心并提升体验的方法。设计思维包括了解用户需求、不断迭代解决方案,以及通过快速实验接受模糊性。它将客户置于问题解决和创新的核心。本文概述了设计思维的五个关键步骤:1)移情--通过访谈和观察等人种学研究,深入了解用户的需求和期望;2)定义--在研究的基础上,利用客户角色和旅程图等工具,清晰地识别问题或机遇;3)构思--集思广益,从客户、员工、竞争对手等不同来源的意见中汲取解决方案;4)原型--快速开发价格低廉的原型,供用户体验并提供反馈,以促进持续改进;5)测试--将原型置于真实环境中,通过与用户合作,共同创造,进一步完善概念。成功运用设计思维需要一种组织文化,即重视以客户为中心、拥抱持续变革、快速失败以迅速转向。本文讨论了如何将设计思维应用于外部客户界面以及内部运营和流程,以全面提升体验。这种以人为本的方法通过将用户需求放在中心位置来改变企业,并在当今世界实现必要的持续适应,以提供令人难忘的服务,培养终身客户关系。
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引用次数: 0
Mastering the art of humor in leadership: A toolkit for organizational leaders 掌握领导力中的幽默艺术:组织领导者工具包
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101074

Humor and leadership may seem like strange companions but the positive impact leaders' humor has on employees and work outcomes is no laughing matter! Humor is now being conceptualized as a leadership tool for leaders to strategically use to bring about desired employee outcomes. Yet the literature lacks suitable instructions on how to use humor as a leadership tool. This impedes humor training and development for leaders. We address this by delineating the Knowledge, Skills and Abilities needed to create and use strategic humor at work and including them in a humor toolkit specifically for leaders. Our paper also shows how to ensure the effective transfer of humor training to the workplace and the resultant leadership behaviours that arise due to the use of humor by leaders.

幽默和领导力似乎是一对奇怪的搭档,但领导者的幽默对员工和工作成果的积极影响却并非笑谈!现在,幽默已被视为一种领导力工具,领导者可以战略性地使用它来为员工带来预期的结果。然而,关于如何将幽默作为一种领导工具的文献却缺乏适当的指导。这阻碍了领导者的幽默培训和发展。为了解决这一问题,我们划分了在工作中创造和使用战略性幽默所需的知识、技能和能力,并将其纳入专门针对领导者的幽默工具包中。我们的论文还说明了如何确保将幽默培训有效转移到工作场所,以及由于领导者使用幽默而产生的领导行为。
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引用次数: 0
The motivational micromanager 激励型微观管理者
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101054

Micromanagement is a well-known phenomenon in the modern workplace. However, there’s a new subtype of micromanager: the motivational micromanager. This type of manager is showing up more and more in offices around the globe, and they can be as dangerous to innovation and team motivation as traditional micromanagers. The objective of this paper is to introduce the concept of the motivational micromanager, a leader who believes that when they give advice and detailed instructions, often with a smile and great enthusiasm, they are motivating their employees to succeed. Micromanagement is seen by many as even dangerous to organizational success and employees who work for motivational micromanagers are also at risk for burnout and quiet quitting because they, too, feel the strain of following detailed instructions, respecting a rigid regime, and avoiding mistakes at all costs. We discuss how motivational managers can shake free of the delusion that they are serving their employees. They need training and support to learn how to encourage others to come up with their own solutions, to create positive work cultures where innovation flows, to give and receive feedback without fear of retaliation, and to accept that mistakes are part of the learning process. The motivational micromanager borrows from two leadership constructs of empowerment and micromanagement. On the one side leaders wish to empower others with the best intentions and a motivational approach, on the other hand however the reality of the execution indicates a new sub-form of micromanagement. The distinctive contribution of this paper is to firstly label and uncover motivational micromanagement and raise awareness that this new species of managers exists and secondly to provide practical implications for MBA students, Executive Education programs and managers to move out of the micromanagement and into a truly empowering mode of leadership.

微观管理是现代职场中一个众所周知的现象。然而,微观管理者中出现了一种新的亚类型:激励型微观管理者。这种类型的管理者越来越多地出现在全球各地的办公室中,他们与传统的微观管理者一样,会对创新和团队激励造成危害。本文旨在介绍 "激励型微观管理者 "的概念。这种领导者认为,当他们面带微笑、热情洋溢地给出建议和详细指示时,就是在激励员工取得成功。许多人认为微观管理甚至会危及组织的成功,而为激励型微观管理者工作的员工也有倦怠和悄然辞职的风险,因为他们也感受到了遵循详细指示、尊重僵化制度和不惜一切代价避免犯错所带来的压力。我们将讨论如何让激励型管理者摆脱 "他们是在为员工服务 "的错觉。他们需要培训和支持,以学习如何鼓励他人提出自己的解决方案,如何创造积极的工作文化以促进创新,如何在不担心报复的情况下给予和接受反馈,以及如何接受错误是学习过程的一部分。激励型微观管理者借鉴了授权和微观管理这两种领导力结构。一方面,领导者希望以最好的意图和激励的方式赋予他人权力,但另一方面,执行的现实情况表明微观管理是一种新的子形式。本文的独特贡献在于,首先标明并揭示了激励型微观管理,提高了人们对这种新型管理者存在的认识;其次,为 MBA 学生、高管教育项目和管理者提供了摆脱微观管理、进入真正的授权型领导模式的实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Leaders thrive thanks to sidekicks 领导者的茁壮成长得益于身边的助手
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101061
George B. Graen , Dianna L. Stone , Xueting Jiang , Julio C. Canedo
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引用次数: 0
Leading from the outside-in: Applying systems thinking to explain CEO experiences during COVID-19 由外而内的领导:运用系统思维解释 COVID-19 期间首席执行官的经验
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101055
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引用次数: 0
Bridging ideas and market success: A framework for managing proof-of-concept projects 架起创意与市场成功之间的桥梁:概念验证项目管理框架
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101053

While the world is full of potential moonshot projects, there is an ever-growing disconnect between new ideas and their successful transformation into commercialized new products. Companies often struggle with inefficient resource allocation and the challenge of quickly assessing an idea’s feasibility. The burgeoning number of proof-of-concept (PoC) projects reflects the need to mitigate the risk of investing resources in potential failures. This study introduces the PoC Framework, a strategic tool that guides managers through the PoC journey, transforming initial ideas into real-world applications. Importantly, it promotes a mindset shift that equally values the proving and disproving of concepts. This approach saves resources by preventing the further development of non-viable ideas. The PoC Framework has been gaining traction among Silicon Valley firms, underscoring its practical relevance and effectiveness in fostering strategic thinking and overcoming hidden challenges within the PoC process.

虽然世界上充满了潜在的 "登月计划",但新创意与成功转化为商业化新产品之间的脱节却日益严重。公司常常苦于资源分配效率低下,难以快速评估创意的可行性。概念验证(PoC)项目数量的激增反映了人们需要降低将资源投入到潜在失败中的风险。本研究介绍了 PoC 框架,这是一种战略性工具,可指导管理人员完成 PoC 之旅,将最初的想法转化为现实世界中的应用。重要的是,它促进了一种思维方式的转变,即同样重视概念的证明和反驳。这种方法可以防止进一步开发不可行的想法,从而节省资源。PoC框架在硅谷企业中的影响力越来越大,凸显了它在促进战略思维和克服PoC过程中隐藏的挑战方面的实用性和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Weary of the harsh realities of people management? Leadership development as cultivating a taste for muddy situations 厌倦了残酷的人事管理现实?培养领导力就是培养对泥泞环境的适应能力
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101028

Practitioners face a wealth of perspectives on leadership, each highlighting different dimensions to attend to as a leader. Contemporary literature, for instance, emphasizes aspects such as authenticity, vision, relationships, and being a servant leader. Regarding the process of becoming a leader, it suggests a path involving changing roles, rebuilding one’s identity, and becoming a quiet servant of one’s followers. However appropriate, these prescriptions often fail to address the misplaced expectations of practitioners, mostly lack of preparedness for people management, for its gritty realities and frustrations which sometimes resembles being dragged in the mud. This study proposes a framework whereby enactment of leadership necessitates adequate motivation and expectations. As leaders behave in patterns of cognitive, emotional, and appreciative perceptions, it proposes to approach leaders’ development as an issue of aesthetics, of taste development. The framework identifies different possible aesthetics of leadership, and suggests that the most operant aesthetic of leadership would taste less of grandiosity than of hardships.

实践者面临着大量关于领导力的观点,每种观点都强调了作为领导者需要关注的不同方面。例如,当代文献强调了真实性、愿景、关系和成为仆人式领导者等方面。关于成为领导者的过程,这些文献提出了一条途径,包括改变角色、重建身份以及成为追随者的默默仆人。然而,这些处方往往无法解决实践者的期望错位问题,主要是对人员管理缺乏准备,对其严峻的现实和挫折缺乏准备,有时就像被拖入泥潭。本研究提出了一个框架,即领导力的发挥需要充分的动机和期望。由于领导者的行为模式包括认知、情感和欣赏,因此本研究建议将领导者的发展视为一个美学问题,即品味发展问题。该框架确定了领导力的各种可能美学,并提出最有效的领导力美学应该是 "宏伟 "而非 "艰辛"。
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引用次数: 0
Often wrong, never in doubt: Mitigating leadership overconfidence in decision-making 经常错误,从不怀疑:减轻领导对决策的过度自信
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2023.101011

Leaders are often celebrated for quick and decisive actions. Such actions include the ability to cut through the chaff and make rapid decisions in fast-paced environments. However, while decisiveness is admirable, poor decision-making is not. And an increasing amount of research informs us that leaders tend to be far too overconfident about their decision-making ability. First, this article details several ways that leaders’unconscious cognitive biases can cloud their decision-making ability. These biases such as attribution bias, the Dunning-Kruger effect, the planning fallacy, and jumping to faulty conclusions are particularly dangerous because everyone is infected by them—yet, because of the bias blind spot, leaders tend to naturally believe they are immune. Second, this article details ways that leaders can “mistake proof” their decision-making process. By exercising activities like pre-mortems, speed-accuracy tradeoffs, reference class forecasting, and improving reflective capacity, leaders can impose systems and methods to help protect their decision-making against their greatest potential nemesis—themselves.

领导人往往因行动迅速果断而受到称赞。这些行动包括在快节奏的环境中剔除冗杂和快速决策的能力。然而,虽然果断令人钦佩,但糟糕的决策却不是。越来越多的研究告诉我们,领导者往往对自己的决策能力过于自信。首先,这篇文章详述了领导者无意识的认知偏见会影响他们决策能力的几种方式。这些偏见,如归因偏见、邓宁-克鲁格效应、计划谬误,以及草率得出错误的结论,都特别危险,因为每个人都受到它们的感染——然而,由于偏见盲点,领导者倾向于自然而然地认为自己是免疫的。其次,本文详细介绍了领导者在决策过程中“防错”的方法。通过进行事前分析、速度-准确性权衡、参考班级预测和提高反思能力等活动,领导者可以采用系统和方法来帮助保护他们的决策免受最大的潜在敌人——他们自己的伤害。
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引用次数: 0
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Organizational Dynamics
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