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Interplay of Agency and Structure on Upskilling: A Case of Filipino Migrant Nurses in the UAE 机构和结构对技能提升的相互作用:以阿联酋菲律宾移民护士为例
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70199
Jiin Kim

With an increased number of migrant nurses from the Global South to the North, the deskilling of migrant nurses has been a problem. While previous research has predominantly focused on deskilling, this research focuses on the upskilling of Filipino migrant nurses in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The morphogenetic cycle has been adopted to explore how structural factors interplay with agencies of Filipino migrant nurses related to the upskilling process. Findings demonstrate that Filipino migrant nurses who majored in nursing due to external factors, such as parental pressure or social trends, tend to improve their professional and soft skills after migrating to the UAE, which offers abundant resources, thereby demonstrating their agency. Furthermore, migrant nurses developed a positive perception of themselves, actively recommending migration to those around them, while also voicing their criticisms of the Filipino medical system. This research demonstrates how agents and structures interact in relation to the upskilling of migrant nurses, providing clues as to how the phenomenon of labor migration perpetuates.

随着从全球南方到北方的移民护士数量的增加,移民护士的技能问题一直是一个问题。虽然以前的研究主要集中在技能上,但本研究侧重于阿拉伯联合酋长国(阿联酋)菲律宾移民护士的技能提升。形态发生周期已被采用,以探讨如何结构因素相互作用与机构的菲律宾移民护士相关的技能提升过程。研究发现,由于父母压力或社会趋势等外部因素而主修护理专业的菲律宾移民护士在移民到阿联酋后,其专业技能和软技能都有所提高,阿联酋提供了丰富的资源,从而显示了其中介作用。此外,移民护士对自己产生了积极的看法,积极向周围的人推荐移民,同时也表达了他们对菲律宾医疗系统的批评。本研究展示了代理人和结构如何与流动护士的技能提升相互作用,为劳动力迁移现象如何延续提供线索。
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引用次数: 0
Migration, Stretched Households and the Loneliness of Older Adults in South Africa 南非的移民、紧张的家庭和老年人的孤独
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70220
Dorrit Posel

This study contributes to the literature on out-migration and the social connectedness of older adults who remain “left behind”. It investigates the loneliness reports of older African adults in the South African context, where out-migrants are reported as retaining membership in their household of origin. An analysis of household survey data collected in the National Income Dynamics Study shows that between 2008 and 2017, almost 30% of older ( ≥ 60 years) African adults in South Africa lived in a household that was “stretched” (it included at least one household member not physically resident in the household). At the unconditional mean, older adults in these households are significantly less likely than other older African adults to report feeling lonely. This relationship exists independently of whether the older person's household receives private transfers (including remittance income). A series of ordered probit regressions shows that lower loneliness reports derive from sizeable differences in household characteristics. In comparison to older African adults in other households, those in stretched households are far more likely to live with children and working-age adults. These characteristics are significant protectors of the loneliness of older adults, and once they are accounted for, there is no further association between living in a stretched household and the loneliness of older adults.

这项研究为“留守”老年人的外迁和社会联系的文献做出了贡献。它调查了南非背景下非洲老年人的孤独感报告,据报道,在南非,外来移民保留了他们原家庭的成员身份。对《国民收入动态研究》中收集的家庭调查数据的分析表明,2008年至2017年期间,南非近30%的老年(≥60岁)非洲成年人生活在一个“捉对捉对”的家庭中(其中至少包括一名家庭成员,而不是实际居住在该家庭中)。无条件平均而言,这些家庭中的老年人比其他非洲老年人更不可能报告感到孤独。这种关系独立于老年人的家庭是否接受私人转移(包括汇款收入)而存在。一系列有序概率回归表明,较低的孤独报告源于家庭特征的巨大差异。与生活在其他家庭中的非洲老年人相比,生活拮据的家庭更有可能与儿童和工作年龄的成年人住在一起。这些特征是老年人孤独的重要保护因素,一旦它们被考虑进去,生活在一个紧张的家庭和老年人的孤独之间就没有进一步的联系了。
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引用次数: 0
Neighbourhood Cohesion and Subjective Well-Being Among Disadvantaged Residents: Causal Evidence From the Public Housing Natural Experiment in Hong Kong 社区凝聚力与弱势居民主观幸福感:来自香港公共房屋自然实验的因果证据
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70222
Ran Gu, Yizhou Ye, Yi Zhang

Neighbourhood cohesion is suggested to improve residents' subjective well-being, especially for disadvantaged individuals who are more likely to live in resource-deprived neighbourhoods. However, existing studies face a challenge in establishing a causal relationship between neighbourhood cohesion and subjective well-being due to endogeneity issues from residential selection. To address this methodological challenge, we use the random allocation of public housing in Hong Kong as a natural experiment. We analyse data from the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (HKPSSD) and focus on public housing residents. We find that individuals' pre-determined socioeconomic and demographic characteristics are uncorrelated with the social cohesion of the neighbourhoods where residents are placed, which confirms the validity of our research design. Based on the design, we find that neighbourhood cohesion is positively associated with residents' life satisfaction and happiness, while it is also negatively associated with mental distress. Moreover, neighbourhood satisfaction is a significant mediator between neighbourhood cohesion and subjective well-being. Our findings contribute to establishing a causal relationship in studies on neighbourhood effects and provide policy implications for improving well-being among disadvantaged residents.

邻里凝聚力可以提高居民的主观幸福感,特别是对于那些更有可能生活在资源匮乏社区的弱势群体。然而,由于居住选择的内生性问题,现有研究在建立邻里凝聚力与主观幸福感之间的因果关系方面面临挑战。为了应对这一方法论上的挑战,我们将香港公共房屋的随机分配作为一项自然实验。我们分析了来自香港社会动态研究小组(HKPSSD)的数据,并重点关注公共住房居民。我们发现,个人预先确定的社会经济和人口特征与居民所在社区的社会凝聚力无关,这证实了我们研究设计的有效性。通过设计,我们发现邻里凝聚力与居民的生活满意度和幸福感呈正相关,与居民的精神痛苦呈负相关。此外,邻里满意度在邻里凝聚力和主观幸福感之间起着显著的中介作用。我们的研究结果有助于在邻里效应研究中建立因果关系,并为改善弱势居民的福祉提供政策启示。
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引用次数: 0
Living La Vida Global: The Expansion of Highly Qualified Migration to Spain and Its Socio-Spatial Patterns 生活在全球:西班牙高素质移民的扩张及其社会空间格局
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70214
Jesús García-Gómez, Antonio López-Gay

High-income countries shape their migration policies to attract highly qualified immigrants (HQI), aiming to boost human capital and economic growth. HQI often settle in large cities, raising two challenges for urban social sustainability. First, immigrants frequently face residential segregation, hindering social integration. Second, local communities in cities receiving wealthier migrants may experience displacement due to lifestyle migration and transnational gentrification. However, in countries with recent migration history, the residential distribution of HQI in urban areas remains largely unknown. This study analyses the residential distribution of HQI in Spain's largest urban areas, where HQI have rapidly increased from nearly 170,000 in 2001 to over 925,000 in 2021. Using 2021 Census data, we apply Multilevel Latent Class Analysis to categorize immigrants by migration status, labour performance and household characteristics. We identify seven distinct groups and demonstrate the existence of a socioeconomic stratification regarding their residential distribution. Unemployed or overqualified HQIs from low- and middle-income regions cluster in lower-income peripheral areas, while those employed in high-skilled jobs originating in Europe concentrate in central cities.

高收入国家制定移民政策以吸引高素质移民(HQI),旨在促进人力资本和经济增长。HQI经常定居在大城市,这对城市社会的可持续性提出了两个挑战。首先,移民经常面临居住隔离,阻碍了社会融合。其次,接收较富裕移民的城市的当地社区可能会因生活方式移民和跨国中产阶级化而流离失所。然而,在最近有移民史的国家,HQI在城市地区的居住分布在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究分析了西班牙最大城市地区HQI的住宅分布,其中HQI从2001年的近17万迅速增加到2021年的92.5万。利用2021年人口普查数据,我们采用多层次潜在类别分析,根据移民身份、劳动表现和家庭特征对移民进行分类。我们确定了七个不同的群体,并证明了其住宅分布的社会经济分层的存在。来自低收入和中等收入地区的失业或资质过高的高智商者聚集在低收入的外围地区,而那些来自欧洲从事高技能工作的人则集中在中心城市。
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引用次数: 0
Ruth Glass: London's Gentrification Urban Visionary 露丝·格拉斯:伦敦中产阶级化的城市梦想家
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70204
Chris Hamnett

This paper analyses the contribution made by Ruth Glass to our understanding of gentrification and class change in London. It argues that not only was she remarkably ahead of her time in identifying and naming this important new phenomenon over 60 years ago, but that her discussion of the social and housing market impacts of gentrification have proved to be remarkably prescient. Although gentrification has taken many new forms which she could not have anticipated, she located gentrification as a process of social class and housing change which has subsequently transformed the physical and social structure of London and many other major cities. The paper examines her writing from 1964, 1973 and 1989 and highlights its continuing relevance in the context of the subsequent social and housing market changes in London and other cities.

本文分析了露丝·格拉斯对我们理解伦敦中产阶级化和阶级变迁的贡献。它认为,她不仅在60多年前就发现并命名了这一重要的新现象,而且她对中产阶级化对社会和住房市场影响的讨论也被证明是非常有先见之明的。尽管士绅化以许多她无法预料的新形式出现,但她认为士绅化是一个社会阶级和住房变化的过程,随后改变了伦敦和许多其他主要城市的物理和社会结构。本文考察了她1964年、1973年和1989年的写作,并强调了其在伦敦和其他城市随后的社会和住房市场变化背景下的持续相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Female Migrants' Settlement Intentions in China: A Multi-Level Analysis Based on Ecological Systems Theory 中国女性移民定居意向的决定因素:基于生态系统理论的多层次分析
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70213
Anle Cheng

Understanding the settlement intentions of female migrants is crucial for promoting inclusive and sustainable urbanization, yet existing studies often lack a gender-sensitive and multi-level analytical framework. Drawing on ecological systems theory, this study integrates spatial analysis and interpretable machine learning to examine the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of female migrants' settlement intentions in China. Results show that settlement intentions are unevenly distributed, with northern and northwestern regions showing higher intentions than southern regions. The meso-system (workplace and family context) exerts the most pronounced influence on settlement decisions. Short-distance migration and higher local minimum wages consistently strengthen women's willingness to settle. By contrast, accumulated household difficulties and elevated crime levels substantially weaken settlement intentions. Notably, several influences are nonlinear: moderate working hours enhance settlement willingness, but excessive hours quickly erode it, and air pollution becomes a decisive deterrent once the AQI exceeds 100. These findings suggest that female migrants' settlement decisions emerge from the balance between economic security, family sustainability, and urban livability, underscoring the need for gender-sensitive and place-based policy interventions.

了解女性移民的定居意图对于促进包容性和可持续城市化至关重要,但现有研究往往缺乏对性别问题敏感的多层次分析框架。基于生态系统理论,本研究将空间分析与可解释机器学习相结合,探讨中国女性移民定居意愿的空间格局及其驱动机制。结果表明:城市居民定居意向分布不均,北部和西北部地区的定居意向高于南部地区;中系统(工作场所和家庭环境)对定居决策的影响最为显著。短途迁移和较高的当地最低工资不断增强妇女定居的意愿。相比之下,累积的家庭困难和上升的犯罪率大大削弱了定居的意愿。值得注意的是,一些影响是非线性的:适度的工作时间增强了定居意愿,但过度的工作时间迅速侵蚀了定居意愿,当空气质量指数超过100时,空气污染成为决定性的威慑因素。这些研究结果表明,女性移民的定居决定源于经济安全、家庭可持续性和城市宜居性之间的平衡,强调了对性别敏感和基于地点的政策干预的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Association Between Shifts in Gender Role Attitudes and Settlement Intentions Among Rural Migrant Women: Evidence From Nanjing, China 农民工妇女性别角色态度转变与定居意向的关系:来自南京的证据
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70212
Moli Gu, Shuangshuang Tang, Liyue Lin

Rural migrant women in China face dual structural constraints stemming from gender norms and the household registration (hukou) system during the urban settlement process. However, the influence of shifts in gender role attitudes on settlement intentions remains insufficiently examined. Drawing on survey data collected in Nanjing, this study employs binary logistic regression and moderation analyses to examine the associations between attitudinal shifts and both long-term residence intentions and hukou transfer intentions. The findings reveal a general trend towards the modernization of gender role attitudes among rural migrant women in urban contexts, alongside stronger hukou transfer intentions than long-term residence intentions. Compared with women whose gender role attitudes have regressed, those whose attitudes remain stable exhibit significantly higher levels of both long-term residence and hukou transfer intentions, while progressive shifts in gender role attitudes are associated with a greater propensity to express hukou transfer intentions. Moreover, social embeddedness and relational networks moderate the relationship between shifts in gender role attitudes and hukou transfer intentions. These results highlight the importance of promoting the modernization of gender role attitudes, reducing institutional barriers to integration and alleviating family caregiving burdens as essential strategies for enhancing the settlement intentions of rural migrant women.

中国农村流动妇女在城市落户过程中面临着性别规范和户籍制度的双重结构性约束。然而,性别角色态度的转变对定居意向的影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究以南京市的调查数据为基础,运用二元logistic回归和调节分析,考察了态度转变与长期居住意愿和户口转移意愿之间的关系。研究结果显示,在城市背景下,农村流动妇女的性别角色态度呈现出普遍的现代化趋势,同时户口转移意愿强于长期居住意愿。与性别角色态度出现倒退的女性相比,性别角色态度保持稳定的女性在长期居住和户口转移意愿方面均表现出更高的水平,而性别角色态度的逐步转变与户口转移意愿的表达倾向更大。此外,社会嵌入性和关系网络调节了性别角色态度转变与户口迁移意愿之间的关系。这些结果突出了促进性别角色态度现代化、减少融入社会的体制障碍和减轻家庭照顾负担作为提高农村移徙妇女定居意愿的基本战略的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
From Commonplace Diversity to Relational Hybridization: Everyday Interculturalism in Rome's Banglatown 从平凡的多样性到关系杂交:罗马孟加拉城的日常跨文化主义
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70215
Andrea Pelliccia

This article explores the social transformation of Rome's Banglatown, located in the Torpignattara neighbourhood, as a case of everyday interculturalism. Through ethnographic fieldwork with the Bangladeshi diaspora, it examines how diversity is lived, negotiated and reconfigured in the spaces of daily interaction. Building on the concept of ‘commonplace diversity’, the study highlights how routine public encounters—especially in schools, parks and local commerce—foster recognition and coexistence, while often stopping short of deeper intercultural intimacy. The analysis reveals a gendered dynamic in which Bangladeshi women, particularly mothers, act as informal socio-cultural brokers in the public sphere, while men remain largely confined to ethnic networks. Crucially, by introducing the notion of relational hybridization, the article demonstrates that second-generation children are more likely to shift intercultural relations into the private and affective sphere, cultivating friendships and emotional proximity across ethnic lines. These practices do not merely intensify existing ties but alter the social meaning of difference by relocating interculturality into domains of intimacy. These children generate hybrid forms of belonging that challenge both community conservatism and societal exclusion. The article argues that Banglatown is not simply a site of demographic concentration, but a relational space where diversity is enacted and reshaped from below. It contributes to contemporary debates on urban interculturalism by foregrounding affective infrastructures, generational shifts and the everyday labour of living with difference.

本文探讨了位于Torpignattara社区的罗马孟加拉城的社会转型,作为日常跨文化主义的一个案例。通过与孟加拉国侨民的民族志田野调查,它研究了多样性是如何在日常互动的空间中生活、谈判和重新配置的。该研究以“平凡的多样性”概念为基础,强调了日常的公共接触——尤其是在学校、公园和当地商业场所——如何促进认识和共存,但往往缺乏更深层次的跨文化亲密关系。分析揭示了一种性别动态,其中孟加拉国妇女,特别是母亲,在公共领域充当非正式的社会文化经纪人,而男性则主要局限于种族网络。重要的是,通过引入关系杂交的概念,文章表明第二代儿童更有可能将跨文化关系转移到私人和情感领域,培养跨种族的友谊和情感亲近。这些做法不仅加强了现有的联系,而且通过将跨文化重新定位到亲密领域,改变了差异的社会意义。这些孩子产生了混合形式的归属感,挑战了社区保守主义和社会排斥。这篇文章认为,孟加拉城不仅仅是一个人口集中的地方,而是一个关系空间,在这里,多样性从下面开始被制定和重塑。它通过突出情感基础设施、代际转移和生活差异的日常劳动,为当代关于城市跨文化主义的辩论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Housing Conditions, Neighbourhood Area and Life Satisfaction in Older Age 居住条件、邻里面积与老年人生活满意度
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70191
Elena Pirani, Maria Veronica Dorgali, Valentina Tocchioni, Alessandra Petrucci

This study contributes to the literature on environmental influences on individual life satisfaction in older age, by offering novel empirical evidence from Italy, a country marked by rapid population ageing, a difficult homeownership regime and pronounced territorial inequalities. We jointly investigate various aspects of the living environment, both the indoor characteristics of the housing—its stability, adequacy and affordability—and the outdoor features of the immediate neighbourhood environment—its liveability and accessibility. We offer evidence that housing adequacy, friendliness of the neighbourhood environment and accessibility to public services are the most relevant aspects for older Italians' life satisfaction. Nevertheless, various aspects of the living environment proved to be important, highlighting the importance of adopting a multidimensional and integrated approach. In addition, despite well-known North–South differences in Italy, we did not find substantial variations across Italian macro-areas in this link. Conversely, the city type of residence does appear to matter, underscoring the need to conduct territorial analyses at a finer spatial scale that surpasses the traditional North–South divide. By placing our analysis within the literature on environmental effects on ageing, this study provides empirical evidence that can inform policy about interventions to enhance housing and neighbourhood conditions for elderly individuals, promoting friendly communities and well-designed urban spaces to support active ageing.

本研究通过提供来自意大利的新颖经验证据,为环境对老年人个人生活满意度的影响做出了贡献。意大利是一个人口老龄化迅速、住房所有权制度困难、领土不平等明显的国家。我们共同研究了居住环境的各个方面,包括住房的室内特征——稳定性、充足性和可负担性,以及周边环境的室外特征——宜居性和可达性。我们提供的证据表明,住房充足性、社区环境友好性和公共服务可及性是意大利老年人生活满意度最相关的方面。然而,生活环境的各个方面证明是重要的,突出了采取多层面综合办法的重要性。此外,尽管意大利存在众所周知的南北差异,但我们没有发现意大利宏观领域在这一环节上存在实质性差异。相反,居住的城市类型似乎很重要,强调需要在更精细的空间尺度上进行领土分析,而不是传统的南北划分。通过将我们的分析置于环境对老龄化影响的文献中,本研究提供了经验证据,可以为有关干预措施的政策提供信息,以改善老年人的住房和社区条件,促进友好社区和精心设计的城市空间,以支持积极老龄化。
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引用次数: 0
Widening Regional Economic Disparities and Fertility Decline in South Korea: A Cross-Level Analysis 区域经济差距扩大与韩国生育率下降:一项交叉水平分析
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/psp.70210
Kyungjae Lee, Seongwoo Lee

Regional economic disparities and fertility decline have intensified concurrently in South Korea, yet few studies have directly examined their relationship. This study investigates how widening regional inequality, a spatial form of socioeconomic stratification, influences fertility outcomes by applying Yitzhaki's relative deprivation index. Using spatial panel models with two-way fixed effects for 229 districts from 2015 to 2021 and multilevel models of married women aged 19 to 49 from the 2020 Population and Housing Census, the analyses consistently demonstrate negative associations between regional disparity and fertility. In the spatial panel analysis, growth in disparity reveals a significant negative effect on crude birth rates, while the multilevel models confirm that regions with sharper increases in inequality recorded fewer births per woman. These findings suggest a potential mechanism through which the demographic–economic paradox operates and provide empirical support for extending relative deprivation theory to the regional scale.

在韩国,区域经济差距和生育率下降同时加剧,但很少有研究直接考察它们之间的关系。本研究运用伊扎克相对剥夺指数(Yitzhaki’s relative deprivation index)探讨了不断扩大的区域不平等(一种社会经济分层的空间形式)对生育结果的影响。利用2015 - 2021年229个地区的双向固定效应空间面板模型和2020年人口与住房普查中19 - 49岁已婚妇女的多层次模型,分析一致表明地区差异与生育率之间存在负相关。在空间面板分析中,差距的扩大揭示了对粗出生率的显著负面影响,而多层次模型证实,不平等加剧的地区,每名妇女的生育率更低。这些发现揭示了人口-经济悖论运行的潜在机制,并为将相对剥夺理论扩展到区域尺度提供了实证支持。
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引用次数: 0
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