Population Space and Place最新文献

Young people are increasingly migrating within their own countries and across different countries to enhance their livelihoods. These migrations are often driven by economic factors, with young people seeking to take advantage of opportunities that are less available at their places of origin. At the centre of these migrations are the range of decisions young people go through, which are often not entirely taken by themselves alone. In this context, we explore via a qualitative investigation of young migrants in Accra, Ghana, the decision-making processes these young migrants engaged in to understand the complex system of interactions involved. Data collection employed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions among migrants of 15–24 years from within Ghana, and other neighbouring West African countries, bound together by the ECOWAS Protocol on free movement; namely, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Burkina Faso and Niger. Our findings reveal that for young migrants, ‘independent’ pre-migration decision means less dependent on household parents but often linked to supportive roles including funds provision by their peers, parents and other close relatives abroad that concretize their final decisions to migrate. Considering the complex decision-making processes young people traverse, our paper broadens the scope of researching young people's migration decision-making architecture in Western Africa to be understood within the context of the New Economics of Migration Theory where migration decisions are more collectively taken to maximize income and employment opportunities while minimizing risks.

Tertiary education is often praised as a way to diminish social disparities. Yet, the growing trend of students seeking degrees abroad could exacerbate these inequalities, especially if the selection for international programmes is influenced by students' academic achievements, cultural and economic capital. In this study, we utilized multilevel logistic regression on extensive administrative data to analyse the characteristics of Slovak graduates in 2018 who pursued tertiary education abroad, compared to their peers who studied at home. Our findings indicate that students with high scores from final upper secondary school examinations are more likely to study abroad. Furthermore, culturally and economically advantaged students, especially those who also excel academically, are significantly more likely to opt for international studies. These insights contribute to the global discourse by highlighting that the effect of academic performance, along with cultural and economic capital, varies. The results also show that the field of study in upper secondary education influences the likelihood of studying abroad beyond these factors. Consequently, our study suggests that policies aimed at fostering international degree mobility should account for the academic, cultural and economic backgrounds of students.

Crisis narratives describing the ageing or rapidly ageing population are frequently used by journalists, politicians, and scholars to frame the issue of ageing. While scholars have been cautious about employing such metaphors as part of popular discourse, the role that crisis narratives play within ageing scholarship itself has received comparatively less attention. Drawing on an analysis of academic articles published in Chinese on the topic of population ageing, this article examines the scholarly use of crisis narratives, particularly in relation to labour shortages, delayed agricultural development, inadequate care facilities, pension challenges, and similar concerns. I argue that crisis narratives foster particular geographic imaginations in China, which often run counter to otherwise nuanced theorisations of ageing and care. In response, I call for writing practices that contextualise ageing within the intertwined frameworks of political economy, biopolitics, and care.

Despite the popularity of the Philippines as a study destination for Korean students, this study finds that Korean student returnees from the country face persistent discrimination and devaluation of their qualifications and linguistic competencies at home. Wedding perspectives from Bourdieu's theory of capital and Said's imaginative geography, this paper adapts the concept of spatial stigmatisation to frame how capital conversion as a means to social reproduction is a complex process that is mediated by the discursive (de)valuation of destinations of study as spaces accorded with differential symbolic values. Conceptually, it argues for a geographic view of capital to foreground broader spatial hierarchies that shape the recognition and transferability of capital across borders. Empirically, it sheds light on the after-study lives of Korean student returnees from a nontraditional destination whose realities are often hidden under dominant discourses that link study abroad outcomes with capital acquired from the Anglophone West and positive return experiences. By paying attention to Korean student returnees from the Philippines—an underrepresented topic within both international student mobilities and Korean study abroad literature—the paper similarly broadens the scope for deploying comparative research on return experiences across different spatialities, deepening at the same time understanding of the complex interactions between place, space and capital within the context of study abroad.

Scholars in the 1990s theorised that immigrant enclaves were becoming increasingly deconcentrated within the city. However, a number of more recent neighbourhood studies describe a host of new ethnic clusterings. These studies depict intensifying transnational ties in the immigrant neighbourhood at an unprecedented scale, however local relationships across these clusters have been difficult to analyse with ethnographic methods. I propose an update on our theoretical conception of ethnic enclaves to relate the proliferating body of enclave-esque terms within the literature. Hence, this article begins to take stock of the field and revisit our foundational definition of enclaves to start to reintegrate and synthesise this data at a larger scale of analysis. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau and Reference USA, I employ Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping to visualise how immigrant enclaves' commercial and residential elements empirically manifest on the city's contemporary physical landscape. New York City's Chinatowns are a meso-level case study that exemplify my conception of a mutually-constituting, interdependent, horizontally-networked immigrant enclave. Findings show that some neighbourhoods like Flushing, Queens, retain characteristics of the classic, vertically-integrated enclave, where residential and economic spheres spatially overlap; however, in Brooklyn (residential) and Manhattan (commercial), the 'hotspots' do not overlap. Rather than considering each cluster its own enclave, I propose a string of pearls metaphor that connects the flows (links) of co-ethnics throughout multiple key places (nodes) within the city. Hence, I modify our commonly held spatial understanding of an enclave to reunify co-ethnic clusters in metropolitan areas into a codependent micro-economy.