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Governing the rural futures: Anxiety machine, anticipatory actions and rural affective politics 治理农村未来:焦虑机器、预期行动与农村情感政治
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231188828
Chi-Mao Wang
Regional revitalisation ideas are widely regarded as cures for socio-economic problems in rural areas in developed countries. Instead of relying on exogenous resources, the concept seeks to revalorise rural communities through cultural resources and self-responsibility. Such an approach to rural development has gained rapid popularity across East Asian regions over the past decade. Rather than merely focusing on the movement of people and ideas, a growing body of literature on policy mobility directs more attention to the power relations of the movement. However, less attention has been paid to how rural futures are anticipated and acted upon and how policies that have implemented specific futures elsewhere are justified. To address these theoretical gaps, this paper draws on the work of future geographies and develops the idea of the anxiety machine. I suggest that the study of policy mobility must seriously consider how rural futures are imagined and governed, and what rural affective politics emerged from the enactment of particular futures. With reference to a case study of rural revitalisation policy learning in Taiwan and Japan, this paper suggests that an emphasis on the circulation of global anticipatory knowledge advances the understanding of the geographies of rural policy-making.
区域振兴思想被广泛认为是解决发达国家农村地区社会经济问题的良方。这一理念不依赖外部资源,而是寻求通过文化资源和自我责任来振兴农村社区。过去十年来,这种农村发展方式在东亚地区迅速普及。越来越多关于政策流动的文献不再仅仅关注人员和思想的流动,而是更多地关注运动中的权力关系。然而,人们对农村期货是如何预测和采取行动的,以及在其他地方实施特定期货的政策是如何合理的关注较少。为了解决这些理论差距,本文借鉴了未来地理学的工作,并发展了焦虑机器的概念。我建议,政策流动性的研究必须认真考虑农村未来是如何想象和治理的,以及从特定未来的制定中产生了什么样的农村情感政治。本文以台湾与日本的乡村振兴政策学习为例,指出强调全球预期性知识的流通,可促进对乡村政策制定的地理理解。
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引用次数: 0
Ignoring people: The micro-politics of misrecognition in participatory governance 忽视人:参与式治理中误认的微观政治
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231182985
N. Verloo
Local governments across the globe increasingly aim to engage citizens in participatory governance, encouraging them to take an active stance in community activities and policy or planning decisions. Despite the inclusive and emancipatory ambitions, these projects often reproduce inequality and exclude citizens leaving them marginalized and misrecognized. In this paper, I argue that inclusion and recognition do not take shape via political ambitions or promising institutional frameworks but via informal face-to-face interactions among citizens and state actors at the street level. By drawing on 3 years of ethnographic fieldwork in The Hague, the Netherlands, I critically unpack how the engagements among state actors and citizens misrecognized the latter as political subjects. Building on critical scholarship on the politics of recognition, I propose an agent-centered and practice-oriented approach that analyzes the micro-politics of misrecognition via (1) narrative analysis, (2) the detailed analysis of speech acts and emotional expressions, and (3) with a specific focus on analyzing the spatial practices that construe the geopolitical realm. As a result, I introduce the tactic of ‘ignoring people’ as a socio-spatial practice of politics. I found five socio-spatial tactics by which citizens were ignored during the very participatory process in which they were invited: disregarded elements of citizens’ stories, omitting their counter-narrative, neglecting citizens’ memories, showing disdain for their emotional expressions and being spatially absent from their protest. These insights require scholars interested in understanding the exclusive mechanisms of citizen participation, to turn to the micro-politics of interaction where the political is practiced and experienced.
全球各地的地方政府越来越致力于让公民参与到参与式治理中来,鼓励他们在社区活动和政策或规划决策中采取积极的立场。尽管具有包容性和解放性的雄心,但这些项目往往会再现不平等,并将公民排除在外,使他们被边缘化和被误解。在本文中,我认为包容和认可不是通过政治野心或有希望的制度框架形成的,而是通过公民和国家行为体在街头的非正式面对面互动形成的。通过在荷兰海牙3年的民族志田野调查,我批判性地揭示了国家行为者和公民之间的接触是如何将后者误认为政治主体的。在对承认政治的批判性学术研究的基础上,我提出了一种以主体为中心、以实践为导向的方法,通过(1)叙事分析、(2)言语行为和情感表达的详细分析、(3)特别关注分析构成地缘政治领域的空间实践来分析误认的微观政治。因此,我介绍了“忽视人”的策略,作为政治的社会空间实践。我发现了五种社会空间策略,在公民被邀请参与的过程中,他们被忽视了:忽视公民故事的元素,省略他们的反叙述,忽视公民的记忆,对他们的情感表达表示蔑视,在空间上缺席他们的抗议。这些见解要求对理解公民参与的排他性机制感兴趣的学者转向政治实践和经验的互动微观政治。
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引用次数: 0
Housing publics: Situated resistance to public housing redevelopment in New York City under racial capitalism 住房公众:种族资本主义下纽约市公共住房重建的处境阻力
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231184057
Valerie E Stahl
In this paper, I describe resistance to a public housing redevelopment process in New York City. I describe the story within a theoretical approach of pragmatism, as I focus on both means and ends in planning while considering the experience and contestations of the various “publics” involved in deliberations surrounding a pilot site for mixed-income infill development. While pragmatism is helpful in reflecting on planning processes, I also simultaneously acknowledge the context of how racial capitalism has shaped and continues to impact the geography of the city, including public housing communities. As such, I propose that residents engaged in “situated resistance” as plans to radically transform the largest housing authority in the United States unfolded around them. I find that while the housing authority and residents had the same objective of preserving existing public housing, their desired paths to achieving that goal dramatically differed. I conclude by proposing that robust democratic engagement requires reparative approaches rooted in racial and economic justice that substantively and procedurally center African American communities such as those living in public housing. By introducing pragmatism alongside racial capitalism through the case of public housing redevelopment, I ultimately highlight the importance of fusing theories of democratic and structural change in urban redevelopment.
在本文中,我描述了对纽约市公共住房重建过程的抵制。我在实用主义的理论方法中描述了这个故事,因为我关注规划的手段和目的,同时考虑了参与讨论混合收入填充开发试点地点的各种“公众”的经验和争论。虽然实用主义有助于反思规划过程,但我同时也承认种族资本主义如何塑造并继续影响城市的地理环境,包括公共住房社区。因此,我建议居民们参与“就地抵抗”,因为从根本上改变美国最大的住房管理局的计划正在他们身边展开。我发现,虽然房屋委员会和居民都有保护现有公共房屋的目标,但他们实现这一目标的途径却大相径庭。我的结论是,强有力的民主参与需要植根于种族和经济正义的修复方法,这种方法在实质上和程序上以非裔美国人社区为中心,比如那些住在公共住房里的社区。通过在公共住房重建的案例中引入实用主义和种族资本主义,我最终强调了在城市重建中融合民主和结构变化理论的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Re-writing history, re-inscribing the city: Thailand and delusions of democracy 重写历史,重新铭刻这座城市:泰国与民主的幻觉
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231184348
Ross King
Cities carry traces of their pasts; they also carry traces of imagined pasts, inscribed on them by authoritarian regimes to suppress other imaginings. Bangkok in the early 20th century displayed the signification of a Buddhist royalty and imagined origins, subsequently suppressed with the imposition of new emblems of democracy following a 1932 overthrow of monarchical absolutism. Democracy was to be signified as founded in the common people. In the 21st century, a military junta dressed in the clothes of a pseudo-democracy re-writes the emblems of democracy, now to signify that democracy is not based in the people but, rather, is the gift of a benevolent monarch. The subverting of democracy is to be read from the monuments of the city, which highlight the specific strategies that the authoritarian state invokes in re-writing the national history.
城市带着它们过去的痕迹;它们还带有想象中的过去的痕迹,这些痕迹是专制政权为了压制其他想象而刻在它们上面的。20世纪初的曼谷展示了佛教皇室的意义和想象的起源,随后在1932年推翻君主专制主义后,由于强加新的民主象征而受到压制。民主的标志是建立在普通民众之上。在21世纪,一个披着伪民主外衣的军政府重写了民主的象征,现在表明民主不是基于人民,而是一个仁慈的君主的礼物。对民主的颠覆可以从这座城市的纪念碑中解读出来,这些纪念碑突出了威权国家在重写民族历史时所采用的具体策略。
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引用次数: 0
Under lockdown: Remaking “home” through infrastructures of care during COVID-19 封锁之下:通过2019冠状病毒病期间的护理基础设施重建“家”
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231180462
Solange Muñoz, Jordin Clark, Jeremy Auerbach, Lily Hardwig
This paper examines how poor urban residents in the Sun Valley public housing community in Denver, CO (US) experienced the pandemic during the first few months of the crisis. Employing a framework that focuses on people, community, housing and home as potential spaces and possibilities of “infrastructures of care”, this research examines the strategies and practices that emerged during the pandemic to address the immediate needs and concerns of the Sun Valley residents. We consider how these practices and the pandemic itself have potentially led to new imaginings and understandings of home and community, both at the intimate and collective scales. Using qualitative methods and photo-voice techniques, we documented residents’ experience during lockdown. Their narratives reveal the many ways the COVID-19 pandemic has affected people’s lives and highlight how community support, services and home are necessary for ensuring that residents can develop resilient infrastructures of care that allow them to overcome public health crises.
本文考察了美国科罗拉多州丹佛市太阳谷公共住房社区的贫困城市居民在危机爆发的头几个月里是如何经历疫情的。本研究采用一个以人、社区、住房和家庭为重点的框架,将其作为“护理基础设施”的潜在空间和可能性,研究了大流行期间出现的战略和做法,以解决太阳谷居民的迫切需求和关切。我们考虑这些做法和大流行病本身如何可能导致在亲密和集体层面上对家庭和社区产生新的想象和理解。我们使用定性方法和照片语音技术记录了居民在封锁期间的经历。他们的叙述揭示了COVID-19大流行对人们生活的多种影响,并强调了社区支持、服务和家庭对于确保居民能够发展有弹性的护理基础设施,使他们能够克服公共卫生危机是多么必要。
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引用次数: 0
Violence against a backdrop of colours? Ethnographic insights into tensions between urban transformation and ongoing violence in marginalised neighbourhoods 色彩背景下的暴力?对城市转型和边缘社区持续暴力之间紧张关系的民族志见解
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231184051
A. Griffin, Alexandra Young
Since the early 2000s, the two largest cities in Colombia have been lauded as success stories of urban transformation. However, there is a tension between urban transformation narratives disseminated in international media and political discourse, and the realities of ongoing violence and insecurity. Drawing on ethnographic research following creative arts projects, this article offers empirical detail on how people negotiate this tension in marginalised urban neighbourhoods, which are often the most affected by overlapping forms of violence while being key sites of transformation policies. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation in Bogotá and Medellín, we show the complexities of how grassroots creative projects both mobilise transformation politics and negotiate violence in everyday life. By focusing on the local scale, we consider both the important gains that have been made since urban transformation became a key tenet of local government policy, particularly around challenging stigma, and the challenges that local populations continue to face. Ultimately, we argue that the experiences of the creative organisations we speak to reflect the need to negotiate ongoing structural violence and fluctuating support from the state. In contrast to depoliticised transformation narratives, this has implications for understanding the state’s role in the reproduction of violence in everyday life and appreciating the limitations of aesthetic transformation in marginalised urban communities.
自21世纪初以来,哥伦比亚两个最大的城市一直被誉为城市转型的成功案例。然而,在国际媒体和政治话语中传播的城市转型叙事与持续暴力和不安全的现实之间存在紧张关系。根据创意艺术项目之后的人种学研究,本文提供了人们如何在边缘化的城市社区中协商这种紧张关系的经验细节,这些社区往往是受重叠形式暴力影响最大的地方,同时也是转型政策的关键场所。通过在波哥大和Medellín的深度访谈和参与者观察,我们展示了草根创意项目如何在日常生活中动员转型政治和协商暴力的复杂性。通过关注地方规模,我们考虑了自城市转型成为地方政府政策的关键原则以来所取得的重要成果,特别是在挑战污名化方面,以及当地人口继续面临的挑战。最后,我们认为,我们谈到的创意组织的经验反映了需要与持续的结构性暴力和政府支持的波动进行协商。与非政治化的转型叙事相反,这对理解国家在日常生活中暴力再现中的作用以及欣赏边缘化城市社区审美转型的局限性具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The politics of heritage and place-making in Tanmen, China 中国潭门的遗产政治与地方建构
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231182325
Chen-Yi Wu
Heritage is both embroiled in, and constituted by, complex, intertwined and contradictory processes. Using ethnographic research, the paper illustrates how heritage-making driven by the Authorised Heritage Discourse (AHD) intersects with socio-spatial and economic processes of place-making in China. The findings reveal the complex, entangled relationship between heritage and place in which elite and non-elite groups participate and interact. Local heritage of Tanmen is active, power-laden and intersects with political, social and economic affairs and expectations, not least to support Chinese sovereignty claims over the South China Sea. This analysis reveals the interplay in Chinese top-down and bottom-up heritage-making processes, in which elite groups tend to dominate by means of ICH policies and local residents tend to internalise the AHD in an attempt to reap benefits or reputation from it. The paper argues that there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between the nation-state and the local in the heritagisation process of local heritage, that works to add a scenario to the multifaceted relationship between places at different scales in heritage literature. Politically charged heritage-making processes, including re-narrativisation, commercialisation and reworking memories, are explored in terms of their impact and intersection with the local place regarding issues of identity, memory, economy and the street landscape. Overall, this paper provides a case study that seeks to understand a specific version of the AHD that reflects Chinese policies, ideologies and aspirations. It aims to reveal the intersection of heritage-making with place-making, to help comprehend the complex, intwined concepts of heritage, power and place in a non-Western society.
遗产既卷入又由复杂、交织、矛盾的过程构成。利用民族志研究,本文阐述了在中国,由授权遗产话语(AHD)驱动的遗产制作如何与地方制作的社会空间和经济过程交叉。研究结果揭示了精英群体和非精英群体参与和互动的遗产和地点之间复杂、纠缠的关系。潭门的当地遗产是活跃的,充满力量的,与政治,社会和经济事务和期望交叉,尤其是支持中国对南中国海的主权主张。这一分析揭示了中国自上而下和自下而上的遗产形成过程的相互作用,其中精英群体倾向于通过非遗政策来主导,而当地居民倾向于内化非遗,试图从中获得利益或声誉。本文认为,在地方遗产的传承过程中,民族国家与地方之间存在着一种相互促进的关系,这种关系为遗产文学中不同尺度的地方之间的多面关系增添了一种情景。具有政治色彩的遗产制作过程,包括重新叙述、商业化和重新加工记忆,在身份、记忆、经济和街道景观等问题上,探讨了它们与当地的影响和交集。总体而言,本文提供了一个案例研究,旨在了解反映中国政策、意识形态和愿望的AHD的具体版本。它旨在揭示遗产创造与场所创造的交集,以帮助理解非西方社会中遗产、权力和场所的复杂、交织的概念。
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引用次数: 1
Thinking vulnerability infrastructurally: Interdependence and possibility in Lebanon’s overlapping crises 思考脆弱的基础设施:黎巴嫩重叠危机中的相互依赖和可能性
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231174399
Hanna Baumann, H. Moore
The notion of ‘vulnerability’ has gained growing traction in a range of different fields, from disaster risk reduction to feminist theory. This increased academic use has been paralleled by a rise in the use of the term as an operational concept in humanitarian and development policy. Using the incongruent deployments of the term as a starting point, this article examines the assumptions underpinning definitions of vulnerability in humanitarian programming in Lebanon, with a particular focus on the links between Lebanon’s crisis of public services and the mass displacement from neighbouring Syria since 2011. We show that, in the international response to Lebanon’s overlapping crises, ‘vulnerability’ is operationalised in ways that fail to address underlying causes, and thus resist meaningful transformation while even bearing the potential of additional harm. Based on the finding that vulnerabilities emanating from Lebanon’s public service crisis and from mass displacement are deeply entangled, the article proposes that an ‘infrastructural’ approach to vulnerability may better be able to address precariousness and precarity linked to basic service provision. An infrastructural approach, we posit, foregrounds dynamic interdependency and relationality with the human and non-human environment. Such a view allows us to acknowledge the power relations at work in both the production and alleviation of vulnerability and ultimately may better enable us to ‘think otherwise’ in situations of seemingly perpetual crisis and disruption.
从减少灾害风险到女权主义理论,“脆弱性”的概念在一系列不同的领域得到了越来越多的关注。在学术使用增加的同时,人道主义和发展政策也更多地使用这个词作为一个业务概念。本文以该术语的不一致部署为出发点,考察了黎巴嫩人道主义方案中脆弱性定义的假设基础,特别关注黎巴嫩公共服务危机与2011年以来邻国叙利亚的大规模流离失所之间的联系。我们表明,在对黎巴嫩重叠危机的国际反应中,“脆弱性”的运作方式未能解决根本原因,因此抵制有意义的转变,同时甚至承受潜在的额外伤害。基于黎巴嫩公共服务危机和大规模流离失所造成的脆弱性深深纠缠在一起的发现,文章提出,针对脆弱性的“基础设施”方法可能更好地解决与基本服务提供相关的不稳定性和不稳定性问题。我们认为,基础设施方法强调了与人类和非人类环境的动态相互依赖和关系。这种观点使我们认识到权力关系在脆弱性的产生和缓解中起着作用,并最终可能使我们在看似永恒的危机和破坏的情况下更好地“思考”。
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引用次数: 0
Cramp, choke and disperse: The economy of migrants’ confinement in the UK 痉挛、窒息和驱散:英国移民禁闭的经济
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231157254b
F. Esposito, M. Tazzioli
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引用次数: 1
Soundmapping hotel detention 声音测绘酒店拘留
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1177/23996544231157254d
E. Russell, Poppy de Souza
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引用次数: 1
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Environment and Planning C-Politics and Space
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