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The struggle against post-truth politics has always been about white supremacy: Lessons from the informational praxis of SNCC 反对后真相政治的斗争始终与白人至上主义有关:从 SNCC 的信息实践中汲取的教训
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241286631
Joshua FJ Inwood, Derek H Alderman
Exacerbated but by no means invented by President Donald Trump, post-truth politics are defined as a disregard for facts in political discourse and policymaking. The post-truth era is dominated by two forms of informational praxis: misinformation and disinformation. Through the archival record of civil rights organizations, we argue we should not see the present era of post-truth politics as new but instead see it as part of a more prolonged struggle over white supremacy and the broader effort to contain challenges to the US economic and racial order. By contextualizing the geography of post-truth politics, the strategies and tactics civil rights groups use to counter white supremacist lies are important to understand, especially in an era where social media can spread lies and disinformation at lightning-quick speed. Thus, we also explore how civil rights organizations challenged disinformation and the control and suppression of information perpetuated by those in power.
后真相政治被定义为在政治话语和政策制定中对事实的漠视,这虽然加剧了后真相政治,但绝不是唐纳德-特朗普总统发明的。后真相时代由两种形式的信息实践主导:错误信息和虚假信息。通过民权组织的档案记录,我们认为不应将当前的后真相政治时代视为一个新时代,而应将其视为与白人至上主义的长期斗争以及遏制对美国经济和种族秩序的挑战的更广泛努力的一部分。通过对后真相政治的地理背景进行分析,我们有必要了解民权组织用来反击白人至上主义谎言的战略和策略,尤其是在社交媒体能以迅雷不及掩耳之势传播谎言和虚假信息的时代。因此,我们还将探讨民权组织如何挑战虚假信息以及当权者对信息的控制和压制。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Beyond displacement: The role of real-estate valuations in shaping urban displaceability” 超越流离失所:房地产估价在塑造城市可迁移性中的作用"
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241285595
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引用次数: 0
Exploring commoning in the anthropocene. Introducing the concept of the election commons as a response to socio-ecological crisis. The case of Skouries, Greece 探索 "人类世 "中的共有。引入选举公地的概念,以应对社会生态危机。希腊斯库瑞斯案例
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241282844
Ioannis Rigkos-Zitthen, Nikolaos Kapitsinis
The Anthropocene epoch challenges our planet’s ecological sustainability and its relationship with democratic processes. The prioritization of economic growth and capital accumulation within most democratic organizations and institutions encourages limitless economic expansion while ignoring or disregarding the earth’s ecological vulnerability in multiple crises (economic, social, ecological). Commoning presents an alternative political strategy to respond to these crises, particularly when it is based on transformative practices of collective care. In this paper, we investigate how an anti-mining community in Skouries, Greece, opposes the imposition of a large-scale mining project by forming a commons initiative. We introduce the concept of election commons, which was designed to allow the anti-mining community to claim institutional power at a local level. This concept is argued to provide valuable insights into how collective care sets the foundations for the renewal of democracy, allowing an alternative relation to the environment and playing a strategic role in connecting different geographical scales of politics. We claim that commoning can enable a more fitting political strategy for the Anthropocene while highlighting the case of decision-making at a national and international level benefiting from local politics.
人类世时代对我们星球的生态可持续性及其与民主进程的关系提出了挑战。大多数民主组织和机构将经济增长和资本积累放在首位,鼓励经济无限扩张,却忽视或无视地球生态在多重危机(经济、社会、生态)中的脆弱性。公有化是应对这些危机的另一种政治策略,尤其是当它建立在集体关怀的变革实践基础上时。在本文中,我们研究了希腊斯库瑞斯的一个反采矿社区如何通过形成公地倡议来反对强加的大型采矿项目。我们引入了 "选举公地 "的概念,其目的是让反采矿社区在地方层面上主张制度权力。我们认为,这一概念为集体关怀如何为民主重建奠定基础提供了宝贵的见解,它允许与环境建立另一种关系,并在连接不同地理范围的政治方面发挥战略性作用。我们认为,"共同化 "可以为 "人类世 "提供更合适的政治战略,同时强调国家和国际层面的决策可以从地方政治中获益。
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引用次数: 0
Communities of exposure, community as exposure: Thinking collective life in the police abolitionist movement 暴露的社区,作为暴露的社区:思考废警运动中的集体生活
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241281248
Liz Calhoun
The growing police abolitionist movement in the United States invokes the figure of community to bind various political claims, from shifting the arena of justice to fiscal restructuring. Geographic scholarship on community has yet to conceptualize its usage in this movement, and existing literature tends to critique conceptualizations of community-as-political-resistance by demonstrating a given community’s exclusionary practices and reasserting a liberal politics of inclusion. This article combines analysis of activist literatures from the liberatory harm reduction and transformative justice movements with elements of Jean-Luc Nancy’s philosophy to offer an understanding of community as a shifting and provisional spectrum of relations at once structural and intimate, thus challenging its prevailing figuration as a form of enclosure mediated by the terms of inclusion and exclusion. Drawing on archival work into informally circulated, praxis-based ephemera from movements under the umbrella of police abolition, I conceptualize an abolitionist understanding of community at the juncture of ‘communities of exposure,’ formed along a structurally-produced spectrum of exposure to the harms of white supremacy, settler colonialism, and cis-heteropatriarchy, and ‘community as exposure,’ the condition of relationality that resists enclosure and, in understanding our essential vulnerability to one another as a resource for care, refuses the notion that police could sanitize community of its risks.
美国日益壮大的废警运动援引社区的形象来约束各种政治诉求,从司法领域的转变到财政结构的调整。关于社区的地域性学术研究尚未对其在这一运动中的应用进行概念化,现有文献倾向于通过展示特定社区的排斥性实践和重申自由主义的包容性政治来批判社区即政治抵抗的概念化。本文将对解放性减低伤害运动和变革性正义运动的激进文学作品的分析与让-吕克-南希的哲学元素相结合,将社区理解为一种既是结构性的又是亲密的、不断变化的、临时性的关系谱系,从而对其作为一种以包容和排斥为媒介的封闭形式的普遍形象提出了挑战。通过对废除警察制度运动中非正式流传的、以实践为基础的简历进行档案整理,我将废除警察制度运动对社区的理解概念化为 "暴露社区",这些社区是在暴露于白人至上主义危害的结构性范围内形成的、作为暴露的社区 "是一种关系性条件,它抵制封闭,并将我们彼此间的基本脆弱性理解为一种关爱资源,拒绝警察可以净化社区风险的观念。
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引用次数: 0
Constructing a governmental vision of happiness: Insights from Greece 构建政府的幸福观:希腊的启示
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241282525
Philipp Katsinas, Dimitris Soudias
This paper analyzes how governments instrumentalize the concept of happiness for political ends. It argues that while happiness is primarily employed as an externally-oriented policy and discourse to attract tourists and desirable migrants, it is equally aimed at changing the expectations of the local population, including brain-drainers. We argue that in the case of Greece, happiness forms a governmental vision to brand the country anew after years of moralizing discourses of guilt, blame, and debt surrounding the financial crisis. First, we outline how the Greek government construes happiness as a commodified experience that the Greek population ought to generate for tourists and desirable migrants (‘live like a local’), but importantly also for itself (‘live like a tourist’). Second, this happiness vision seeks to both encourage the Greek population (in that we want to be happy), but also to discipline it (in that we need to be happy). Thirdly, to justify this vision, its key promoters conceive of a future that requires sanitizing the country’s past and present, camouflage its unpleasant and contentious aspects, and re-narrate it in positive terms. Curiously, however, this is less about envisioning a better future after years of crisis, than about asking the Greek population to be satisfied with the status quo. This way, the happiness vision is an attempt to substitute the unfulfilled promises of the capitalist imaginary vis-à-vis opportunity, upward social mobility, and overabundance, where happiness arises not by overcoming the precarizing realities of inequality, but from having a positive attitude in navigating them.
本文分析了政府如何为政治目的利用幸福概念。本文认为,虽然幸福主要是作为一种外部导向的政策和话语来吸引游客和理想的移民,但它同样旨在改变包括人才外流者在内的当地居民的期望。我们认为,就希腊而言,在多年围绕金融危机的内疚、自责和债务等道德化论述之后,幸福构成了政府重新塑造国家品牌的愿景。首先,我们概述了希腊政府如何将幸福理解为一种商品化的体验,希腊人应该为游客和理想的移民创造这种体验("像当地人一样生活"),但重要的是也为自己创造这种体验("像游客一样生活")。其次,这种幸福观既要鼓励希腊人(因为我们想要幸福),也要约束希腊人(因为我们需要幸福)。第三,为了证明这一愿景的合理性,其主要倡导者设想的未来需要净化国家的过去和现在,掩盖其不愉快和有争议的方面,并以积极的方式重新叙述。但奇怪的是,这与其说是为了在多年危机之后设想一个更美好的未来,不如说是为了要求希腊民众满足于现状。这样一来,幸福愿景就试图取代资本主义想象中关于机会、社会向上流动和过度富裕的未兑现承诺,幸福不是通过克服不平等的危险现实产生的,而是通过以积极的态度驾驭这些现实产生的。
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引用次数: 0
Enacting the border multiple in the post-welfare state: Registration of foreign-born persons in Finland 在后福利国家实施边境多重管理:芬兰外国出生者的登记
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241282655
Anitta Kynsilehto, Marja Alastalo
This article analyses border practices that are enacted through an array of migrants’ residence registration procedures in Finland. These practices extend to the country of departure and also take place upon arrival and settlement within a municipality, and they are intimately tied with the person’s access to social rights in the country. Building on critical border studies and Annemarie Mol’s idea of multiple ontologies we examine migrant stories, collected via multi-sited ethnography, that simultaneously testify to being targeted by diverse border practices and of being compelled to take part in doing the border. We address regulatory practices that modify and, indeed, reinforce inequalities between migrants. We argue that residence registration as a scattered border practice not only enacts different statuses for migrants but orders them hierarchically depending, for example, on the person’s migration status and nationality (EU/TCN). Furthermore, multiple regimes of knowledge production such as statistics on migrant population draw on the data recorded in the population register during the municipal registration process, which further extends the impact of this data. We show how the welfare state system, claimed to be universal, is highly conjunctural depending on the information the person receives from different interlocutors, and on the presumably apolitical “policy on the fly” enacted at the registration desk.
本文分析了通过一系列移民在芬兰的居住登记手续而形成的边境惯例。这些实践延伸至出发国,也发生在抵达和定居在一个城市时,它们与个人在该国获得社会权利密切相关。以批判性边境研究和安妮玛丽-莫尔(Annemarie Mol)的多重本体论思想为基础,我们研究了通过多地点民族志收集的移民故事。我们探讨了那些改变甚至强化移民之间不平等的监管措施。我们认为,居住登记作为一种分散的边境实践,不仅为移民制定了不同的身份,而且还根据个人的移民身份和国籍(欧盟/中国)等因素对其进行分级排序。此外,在市政登记过程中,多种知识生产制度(如移民人口统计数据)会利用人口登记册中记录的数据,这进一步扩大了这些数据的影响。我们展示了号称普遍的福利国家制度是如何根据个人从不同对话者那里获得的信息,以及在登记台制定的假定非政治性的 "即时政策",而具有高度关联性的。
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引用次数: 0
More than deliberation is needed: Potential for agonistic moments in community wind energy planning 需要的不仅仅是审议:社区风能规划中激动人心时刻的潜力
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241278855
Stefanie Müller, Matthias Buchecker
Although community project planning is widely understood as crucial to equitable wind energy infrastructure planning, involved members of the public nevertheless perceive such participatory interventions as merely pseudo-participatory. Drawing on agonistic planning literature, we argue that this disposition towards tokenism can only be tackled with a (re)politization of community project planning practices. This includes an explicit (re)integration and cultivation of dissent and the potential overthrow of traditionally consensus-oriented formats that follow the deliberative paradigm. For radically political community energy project planning, however, public discourses must be fluid and participants must be open towards dissent, which largely contradicts the typical postures of a deliberative citizen who is supposed to argue in a rational and objective way, using the best arguments to convince others. To examine the feasibility of agonistic approaches for community wind energy planning, we conducted a quantitative discourse analysis on the data set of a large regional survey of an on-going wind energy planning project in Switzerland. We focused on estimating the degree of hegemony of public wind energy discourses and the willingness of residents to engage in participatory settings that can facilitate radically political community project planning (e.g., substantive participation settings). Our results show that for planning individual wind energy projects, the potential for agonistic planning approaches is low, not only because the discourses are already too hegemonic, but also because there is no real willingness to engage in radically political community wind energy project planning. In the context of early, comprehensive, and integrated community planning, however, agonistic approaches could provide the ground for open and innovative participatory planning of renewable energies.
尽管人们普遍认为社区项目规划对于公平的风能基础设施规划至关重要,但参与其中的公众却认为这种参与性干预措施只是伪参与。根据激动式规划文献,我们认为只有将社区项目规划实践(重新)政治化,才能解决这种象征性倾向。这包括明确(重新)整合和培养不同意见,并有可能推翻遵循审议范式的传统共识导向模式。然而,对于具有根本政治性的社区能源项目规划而言,公共话语必须是流动的,参与者必须对不同意见持开放态度,这在很大程度上与商议式公民的典型姿态相矛盾,商议式公民应该以理性和客观的方式进行论证,用最好的论据说服他人。为了研究社区风能规划中辩论式方法的可行性,我们对瑞士一个正在进行的风能规划项目的大型区域调查数据集进行了定量话语分析。我们重点估算了公共风能话语的霸权程度,以及居民在参与性环境中的意愿,这些环境可以促进激进的政治性社区项目规划(如实质性参与环境)。我们的研究结果表明,就单个风能项目的规划而言,采用激进主义规划方法的可能性很低,这不仅是因为这些话语已经过于霸道,而且还因为居民并不真正愿意参与激进的政治性社区风能项目规划。然而,在早期、全面和综合社区规划的背景下,激辩式方法可以为可再生能源的开放和创新参与式规划提供基础。
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引用次数: 0
The moral and strategic clarity of supporting Ukraine’s self-defense: Why accepting Russian colonialism should remain a taboo 支持乌克兰自卫的道德和战略清晰度:为什么接受俄罗斯殖民主义仍是禁忌?
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241277319
Kseniya Oksamytna
In response to Toal’s article “The Territorial Taboo: Explaining the Public Aversion to Negotiations in the Ukraine War Support Coalition”, I argue that the alleged silencing of those who push for Ukraine’s territorial concessions to Russia is an exaggerated problem. The reason why such voices are not gaining traction is because, as of summer 2024, neither Ukraine nor key European states had a majority in favor of territorial concessions. This is reassuring: it means that there is little appetite for endorsing Russian colonialism and abandoning Ukrainians on the occupied territories to Russian terror in the hope of an illusory “peace”. In contrast to the majority opinion, Toal calls for sacrificing (a part of) Ukraine in order to freeze the conflict and reduce great power tensions. To make such a colonial proposition seem palatable, Toal tries to shift the blame for the continuation of the war from Russia, the aggressor, to Ukraine, the victim. In reality, Ukrainians want peace, just not on Russia’s terms. Any settlement that does not involve the restoration of Ukraine’s territorial integrity is unjust and likely unsustainable. It would give Russia an opportunity to re-arm, extracting resources from the newly occupied Ukrainian territories. Russian officials showed no intention of abiding by any potential agreements with Ukraine, reiterating their goal of destroying the Ukrainian nation and state. Since aggression against Ukraine did not attract widespread opposition within Russia and garnered quite a few enthusiastic supporters, a change in Russian policy seemed improbable as of summer 2024. The continuation of armed resistance against the Russian invasion is Ukraine’s only choice.
针对托尔的文章《领土禁忌:解释乌克兰战争支持联盟中公众对谈判的反感》,我认为,所谓那些推动乌克兰向俄罗斯领土让步的人被压制是一个被夸大的问题。这些声音之所以没有获得支持,是因为截至 2024 年夏季,乌克兰和欧洲主要国家都没有多数支持领土让步。这让人感到欣慰:这意味着人们不太愿意赞同俄罗斯的殖民主义,也不愿意为了虚幻的 "和平 "而将被占领土上的乌克兰人抛弃在俄罗斯的恐怖之下。与大多数人的观点不同,托尔呼吁牺牲(部分)乌克兰,以冻结冲突,缓解大国紧张关系。为了让这种殖民主义主张显得顺耳,托阿尔试图将战争持续的责任从侵略者俄罗斯转嫁到受害者乌克兰身上。实际上,乌克兰人希望和平,只是不希望按照俄罗斯的条件来实现和平。任何不涉及恢复乌克兰领土完整的解决方案都是不公正的,也很可能是不可持续的。这将给俄罗斯提供重新武装的机会,从新占领的乌克兰领土上攫取资源。俄罗斯官员无意遵守与乌克兰可能达成的任何协议,重申了他们摧毁乌克兰民族和国家的目标。由于对乌克兰的侵略并没有在俄罗斯国内引起广泛反对,反而获得了不少热情的支持者,因此到 2024 年夏季,俄罗斯似乎不可能改变政策。继续武装抵抗俄罗斯的入侵是乌克兰唯一的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Honoring pasts, escaping presents, and dwelling in futures: The Palestine land society village reconstruction competition 纪念过去,逃避现在,憧憬未来:巴勒斯坦土地协会村庄重建竞赛
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241275791
Nour Joudah
Palestinian architecture students tell a story of dwelling in the future. In the process of creating their designs to reconstruct paused lifeworlds, they show just how little bifurcation there is between past and present. In this article, I introduce the dwelling-to-(re)build perspective, which reflects a unique reality of displacement and dispossession: the spaces Indigenous communities map and dwell is not confined to this moment. For these students and this project of village reconstruction, dwelling space is not only a momentary expression of houses and lands emptied in a distant past, but a vision of rebuilding and reviving those spaces and the interactions that once filled them. These village designs, the conversations involved in producing them, and their presentation to the Palestinian community is not an abstract exercise. They are cartographic practices that insist on a decolonial future, re-dotting the map not with historic places but with future histories.
巴勒斯坦建筑系的学生讲述了一个居住在未来的故事。在他们设计重建停顿过的生活世界的过程中,他们展示了过去与现在之间的分界有多小。在本文中,我将介绍从居住到(重新)建设的视角,它反映了流离失所和被剥夺的独特现实:土著社区绘制和居住的空间并不局限于此刻。对于这些学生和这个村庄重建项目来说,居住空间不仅是对遥远过去被掏空的房屋和土地的瞬间表达,也是重建和恢复这些空间以及曾经充满这些空间的互动的愿景。这些村庄设计、设计过程中的对话以及向巴勒斯坦社区展示这些设计并不是抽象的工作。它们是坚持非殖民化未来的制图实践,不是用历史的地方,而是用未来的历史来重新绘制地图。
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引用次数: 0
The territorial taboo: Explaining the public aversion to negotiations in the Ukraine war support coalition 领土禁忌:解释乌克兰战争支持联盟中公众对谈判的厌恶情绪
IF 2.7 2区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/23996544241268335
Gearóid Ó Tuathail
Despite severe and mounting war costs, many in the international coalition supporting Ukraine have publicly expressed strong aversion to negotiations with Russia, and Ukrainian territorial concessions, to end the war. What explains this aversion to negotiations and seeming taboo on territorial concessions? This commentary, drawing particularly on US policy debate, suggests that proclaimed sacred values helps explain this disposition. Ukraine’s war support network is a discursive coalition bound together by three shared narratives about the war and universal values. Stories about international law and territorial integrity, about war crimes and genocide, and about freedom and democracy, render talk about territorial concessions to Russia, as the aggressor state, taboo in different ways. Psychological factors, from commitment problems to hawkish biases, bolster this taboo. The Gaza war, however, has exposed Western sacred values as geographically limited. The territorial taboo disguises tragic trade-offs and the enormous costs of Ukraine’s fight, burdening the country with an unwinnable mission. Any settlement of the war is likely to see the territorial taboo abandoned, in de facto if not de jure terms.
尽管战争代价严重且不断增加,但支持乌克兰的国际联盟中许多人公开表示强烈反对与俄罗斯谈判,反对乌克兰为结束战争而做出领土让步。是什么原因导致这种对谈判的反感和对领土让步的忌讳?这篇评论特别借鉴了美国的政策辩论,认为宣称的神圣价值观有助于解释这种倾向。乌克兰的战争支持网络是一个话语联盟,由关于战争和普世价值的三个共同叙事所维系。关于国际法和领土完整、战争罪和种族灭绝以及自由和民主的故事,以不同的方式将向作为侵略国的俄罗斯作出领土让步的言论列为禁忌。心理因素,从承诺问题到鹰派偏见,都加强了这种禁忌。然而,加沙战争暴露了西方神圣价值观的地域局限性。领土禁忌掩盖了悲剧性的权衡和乌克兰战争的巨大代价,使该国背上了无法获胜的沉重包袱。战争的任何解决方案都有可能在事实上(如果不是法律上)放弃领土禁忌。
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Environment and Planning C-Politics and Space
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