Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103247
Han Yuan
Mobile applications compete for scarce user time-a mechanism I term “budget competition”-regardless of functional similarity. Complementary apps are gross substitutes when budget competition dominates functional competition. I estimate a discrete-continuous demand model to quantify the two types of competition using overlapping user data from China in 2017. Exploiting app updates to identify complementarity, I find significant substitution between functionally independent apps, demonstrating that categories are often poor proxies for competition. While budget competition can be large in absolute terms, it is often small relative to functional competition. I discuss when budget competition may play a larger role.
{"title":"Competing for time: A study of mobile applications","authors":"Han Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mobile applications compete for scarce user time-a mechanism I term “budget competition”-regardless of functional similarity. Complementary apps are gross substitutes when budget competition dominates functional competition. I estimate a discrete-continuous demand model to quantify the two types of competition using overlapping user data from China in 2017. Exploiting app updates to identify complementarity, I find significant substitution between functionally independent apps, demonstrating that categories are often poor proxies for competition. While budget competition can be large in absolute terms, it is often small relative to functional competition. I discuss when budget competition may play a larger role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Organization","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 103247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103230
Panle Jia Barwick , Hyuk-Soo Kwon , Shanjun Li , Yucheng Wang , Nahim Bin Zahur
This paper examines the impact of industrial policies (IPs) on innovation in the global automobile industry. We compile the first comprehensive dataset linking global IPs with patent data related to the auto industry from 2008 to 2023. We document a major shift in policy focus: by 2022, nearly half of all IPs targeted electric vehicles (EV)-related sectors, up from almost none in 2008. In the meantime, there has been a clear technological transition from internal combustion engine (GV) technologies to EV innovations. Our analysis finds a positive relationship between policy support and innovation activity. At the country level, a one-standard-deviation increase in five-year cumulative EV-targeted IPs is associated with a four-percent rise in new EV patent applications. Firm-level analyses indicate that a ten-percent increase in EV financial incentives received by automakers and EV battery producers leads to a similar four-percent increase in EV innovations. We confirm the importance of path dependence in the direction of technology change in the automobile industry but find no evidence that EV-targeted IPs stimulate innovation in GV technologies.
{"title":"Industrial policies and innovation: Evidence from the global automobile industry","authors":"Panle Jia Barwick , Hyuk-Soo Kwon , Shanjun Li , Yucheng Wang , Nahim Bin Zahur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijindorg.2025.103230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of industrial policies (IPs) on innovation in the global automobile industry. We compile the first comprehensive dataset linking global IPs with patent data related to the auto industry from 2008 to 2023. We document a major shift in policy focus: by 2022, nearly half of all IPs targeted electric vehicles (EV)-related sectors, up from almost none in 2008. In the meantime, there has been a clear technological transition from internal combustion engine (GV) technologies to EV innovations. Our analysis finds a positive relationship between policy support and innovation activity. At the country level, a one-standard-deviation increase in five-year cumulative EV-targeted IPs is associated with a four-percent rise in new EV patent applications. Firm-level analyses indicate that a ten-percent increase in EV financial incentives received by automakers and EV battery producers leads to a similar four-percent increase in EV innovations. We confirm the importance of path dependence in the direction of technology change in the automobile industry but find no evidence that EV-targeted IPs stimulate innovation in GV technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Organization","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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