Thomas M. Withers, Nikki J. Garner, Chris S. Thorley, Jo Kellett, Lucy Price, Sara Auckland, Jo Sheldon, Amanda Howe, Melanie Pascale, Jane R. Smith, Mike J. Sampson, Colin J. Greaves
Background
Previous research has shown that lifestyle modification can delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. The Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS) was a parallel, three-arm, randomized controlled trial with up to 46 months follow-up that tested a group-delivered, theory-based lifestyle intervention to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk groups. The current study aimed to evaluate if the NDPS intervention was delivered to an acceptable standard and if any part(s) of the delivery required improvement.
Methods
A sub-sample of 30, 25 for inter-rater reliability and audio-recordings of the NDPS intervention education sessions were assessed independently by two reviewers (CT, TW) using a 12-item checklist. Each item was scored on a 0–5 scale, with a score of 3 being defined as ‘adequate delivery’. Inter-rater reliability was assessed. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess changes in intervention fidelity as the facilitators gained experience.
Results
Inter-rater agreement was acceptable (86%). A mean score of 3.47 (SD = .38) was achieved across all items of the fidelity checklist and across all intervention facilitators (n = 6). There was an apparent trend for intervention fidelity scores to decrease with experience; however, this trend was non-significant (p > .05) across all domains in this small sample.
Conclusion
The NDPS was delivered to an acceptable standard by all Diabetes Prevention Facilitators. Further research is needed to better understand how the intervention's delivery characteristics can be optimized and how they might vary over time.
{"title":"Intervention fidelity assessment: A sub-study of the Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS)","authors":"Thomas M. Withers, Nikki J. Garner, Chris S. Thorley, Jo Kellett, Lucy Price, Sara Auckland, Jo Sheldon, Amanda Howe, Melanie Pascale, Jane R. Smith, Mike J. Sampson, Colin J. Greaves","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12651","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12651","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has shown that lifestyle modification can delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. The Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS) was a parallel, three-arm, randomized controlled trial with up to 46 months follow-up that tested a group-delivered, theory-based lifestyle intervention to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk groups. The current study aimed to evaluate if the NDPS intervention was delivered to an acceptable standard and if any part(s) of the delivery required improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sub-sample of 30, 25 for inter-rater reliability and audio-recordings of the NDPS intervention education sessions were assessed independently by two reviewers (CT, TW) using a 12-item checklist. Each item was scored on a 0–5 scale, with a score of 3 being defined as ‘adequate delivery’. Inter-rater reliability was assessed. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess changes in intervention fidelity as the facilitators gained experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inter-rater agreement was acceptable (86%). A mean score of 3.47 (<i>SD</i> = .38) was achieved across all items of the fidelity checklist and across all intervention facilitators (<i>n</i> = 6). There was an apparent trend for intervention fidelity scores to decrease with experience; however, this trend was non-significant (<i>p</i> > .05) across all domains in this small sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The NDPS was delivered to an acceptable standard by all Diabetes Prevention Facilitators. Further research is needed to better understand how the intervention's delivery characteristics can be optimized and how they might vary over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9974443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sun-seeking vacationers are particularly vulnerable to melanoma. Appearance-based interventions (ABi) showing skin damage of ultraviolet exposure may be a promising prevention tool to improve skin protection. This study aimed to measure and compare the efficacy of an ABi and a health-based intervention (HBi) on French summer vacationers' behaviours and to identify differences between subpopulations.
Design
A cluster randomized crossover trial with three intervention groups (control, ABi, HBi) was conducted in eight campsites on the French Mediterranean coast in summer 2019.
Methods
1355 vacationers of both sexes and aged 12–55 years were included and followed up after 4 days (T1) and 14 months (T2). Efficacy of interventions was evaluated using multilevel mixed-effect models comparing groups on three outcomes: self-reported sun protection behaviours, sunbathing and skin colour measures. Protection behaviours were analysed according to subpopulations.
Results
Compared to controls, the ABi group had a higher protection and sunbathed for fewer hours at T1 and T2. In the HBi group, the skin colour was lighter than controls at T1. When comparing ABi to HBi, ABi participants had lower exposure than HBi at T1 and T2. The protection of people with a 3-years university degree was higher in the HBi group than in others groups while that of people with a secondary school certificate was higher in the ABi group.
Conclusions
Our study provides further evidence of individual sun protection interventions effect in a touristic setting and highlights the relevance of ABi messages to supplement HBi messages, particularly in certain subpopulations with low to intermediate education levels.
喜欢晒太阳的度假者特别容易患黑色素瘤。基于外观的干预(ABi)显示紫外线暴露对皮肤的损害可能是一种有前途的预防工具，以改善皮肤保护。本研究旨在测量和比较ABi和基于健康的干预(HBi)对法国夏季度假者行为的影响，并确定亚群之间的差异。2019年夏季，在法国地中海沿岸的八个营地进行了三组干预(对照组、ABi组、HBi组)的整群随机交叉试验。方法对1355名年龄12 ~ 55岁的男女度假者进行随访，随访时间分别为4 d (T1)和14个月(T2)。采用多层次混合效应模型对三个结果进行分组比较，评估干预措施的有效性:自我报告的防晒行为、日光浴和肤色测量。按亚群分析保护行为。结果与对照组相比，ABi组在T1和T2时具有更高的防护和更短的日光浴时间。在T1时，HBi组皮肤颜色比对照组浅。当比较ABi和HBi时，ABi参与者在T1和T2时的暴露低于HBi。在HBi组中，拥有3年大学学位的人的保护程度高于其他组，而在ABi组中，拥有中学文凭的人的保护程度更高。我们的研究进一步证明了个人防晒干预在旅游环境中的作用，并强调了ABi信息补充HBi信息的相关性，特别是在某些低至中等教育水平的亚人群中。
{"title":"Efficacy of an appearance-based and a health-based sun protection intervention on summer vacationers' behaviours, PRISME cluster randomized crossover trial, France","authors":"Cécile Durand, Lyvia Magloire, Florence Cousson-Gélie, Apolline Bord, Leïla Saboni, Abdelkrim Zeghnoun, Benoit Lepage, Jean-Baptiste Richard, Olivier Catelinois, Damien Mouly, Cyrille Delpierre","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12650","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12650","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sun-seeking vacationers are particularly vulnerable to melanoma. Appearance-based interventions (ABi) showing skin damage of ultraviolet exposure may be a promising prevention tool to improve skin protection. This study aimed to measure and compare the efficacy of an ABi and a health-based intervention (HBi) on French summer vacationers' behaviours and to identify differences between subpopulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cluster randomized crossover trial with three intervention groups (control, ABi, HBi) was conducted in eight campsites on the French Mediterranean coast in summer 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1355 vacationers of both sexes and aged 12–55 years were included and followed up after 4 days (T1) and 14 months (T2). Efficacy of interventions was evaluated using multilevel mixed-effect models comparing groups on three outcomes: self-reported sun protection behaviours, sunbathing and skin colour measures. Protection behaviours were analysed according to subpopulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to controls, the ABi group had a higher protection and sunbathed for fewer hours at T1 and T2. In the HBi group, the skin colour was lighter than controls at T1. When comparing ABi to HBi, ABi participants had lower exposure than HBi at T1 and T2. The protection of people with a 3-years university degree was higher in the HBi group than in others groups while that of people with a secondary school certificate was higher in the ABi group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provides further evidence of individual sun protection interventions effect in a touristic setting and highlights the relevance of ABi messages to supplement HBi messages, particularly in certain subpopulations with low to intermediate education levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10074380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Charlesworth, Thomas McAlpine, Annegret Martin, Jane Scott, Barbara Mullan
Objectives
Breastfeeding has a number of benefits for both mothers and their infants. Research has examined the psychosocial influences on breastfeeding, yielding important findings in relation to particular constructs that play a significant role in this vital health behaviour. One such construct is subjective norms. However, there are mixed findings in relation to the role of subjective norms in breastfeeding behaviours. This may be due to the lack of consistent measure of subjective norms across studies. Further, the influence of fathers' subjective norms on breastfeeding continuation remains unclear due to a lack of measurement. Thus, the aim of the current study was to develop and assess a reliable and valid subjective norms scale specific to breastfeeding for use among both mothers and fathers.
Design/Methods
Subjective norms items were developed by researchers in the domain and were tested among 949 couples.
Results
Findings indicated that both subjective norms scales had excellent reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. It was also found that both the mothers' and fathers' subjective norms scales tapped into two key structures: breastfeeding in general, and breastfeeding in public. Further, maternal subjective norms were predictive of breastfeeding behaviours but not paternal subjective norms.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that the developed subjective norms scales are reliable and valid and capture key elements of breastfeeding subjective norms among both mothers and fathers. Use of this measure in future research can help better understand the role of both mothers' and fathers' subjective norms in influencing breastfeeding behaviours.
{"title":"Development, psychometric assessment, and predictive validity of a breastfeeding subjective norms scale among an Australian prospective cohort of first-time parents","authors":"Jessica Charlesworth, Thomas McAlpine, Annegret Martin, Jane Scott, Barbara Mullan","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12648","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12648","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breastfeeding has a number of benefits for both mothers and their infants. Research has examined the psychosocial influences on breastfeeding, yielding important findings in relation to particular constructs that play a significant role in this vital health behaviour. One such construct is subjective norms. However, there are mixed findings in relation to the role of subjective norms in breastfeeding behaviours. This may be due to the lack of consistent measure of subjective norms across studies. Further, the influence of fathers' subjective norms on breastfeeding continuation remains unclear due to a lack of measurement. Thus, the aim of the current study was to develop and assess a reliable and valid subjective norms scale specific to breastfeeding for use among both mothers and fathers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design/Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subjective norms items were developed by researchers in the domain and were tested among 949 couples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings indicated that both subjective norms scales had excellent reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. It was also found that both the mothers' and fathers' subjective norms scales tapped into two key structures: breastfeeding in general, and breastfeeding in public. Further, maternal subjective norms were predictive of breastfeeding behaviours but not paternal subjective norms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings indicate that the developed subjective norms scales are reliable and valid and capture key elements of breastfeeding subjective norms among both mothers and fathers. Use of this measure in future research can help better understand the role of both mothers' and fathers' subjective norms in influencing breastfeeding behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9986426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Ní Néill, Helen L. Richards, Derek Hennessey, Dónal G. Fortune
Objective
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common, complex and painful urological condition, but how patients make sense of and respond to the challenges of KSD is poorly understood. Using the common-sense model of illness self-regulation (CSM-SR), we aimed to explore the illness experiences of individuals with KSD.
Design
A qualitative design using individual semi-structured interviews.
Methods
Thirty-three patients with KSD attending outpatient urology services participated in interviews informed by the CSM-SR. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Themes were mapped onto the domains of the CSM-SR.
Results
Five main themes were generated, broadly echoing domains within the CSM-SR: (1) making sense of KSD, (2) normality paused, (3) the psychological burden of KSD, (4) the tensions of managing KSD, and (5) improving understanding of KSD. Additionally, findings suggested that partners' perceptions of KSD were an additional contextual factor that informed patients' own perceptions and management of KSD. Participants appraised initial KSD symptoms as indicative of a serious health threat. Diagnosis brought some relief, however, KSD wielded multi-dimensional impacts on patients' perceptions, self-management and well-being. Anxiety, including fear of KSD recurrence, and low mood were common psychological burdens across narratives.
Conclusion
The majority of the themes identified were commensurate with an extended CSM-SR. This model has utility in informing how patients perceive and manage KSD. Examining patients' KSD representations and routinely assessing for psychological distress may be of benefit to improve health outcomes for this patient group.
{"title":"‘Like a ticking time bomb’: A qualitative study exploring the illness experiences of adults with kidney stone disease","authors":"Emma Ní Néill, Helen L. Richards, Derek Hennessey, Dónal G. Fortune","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12649","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common, complex and painful urological condition, but how patients make sense of and respond to the challenges of KSD is poorly understood. Using the common-sense model of illness self-regulation (CSM-SR), we aimed to explore the illness experiences of individuals with KSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A qualitative design using individual semi-structured interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three patients with KSD attending outpatient urology services participated in interviews informed by the CSM-SR. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Themes were mapped onto the domains of the CSM-SR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five main themes were generated, broadly echoing domains within the CSM-SR: (1) making sense of KSD, (2) normality paused, (3) the psychological burden of KSD, (4) the tensions of managing KSD, and (5) improving understanding of KSD. Additionally, findings suggested that partners' perceptions of KSD were an additional contextual factor that informed patients' own perceptions and management of KSD. Participants appraised initial KSD symptoms as indicative of a serious health threat. Diagnosis brought some relief, however, KSD wielded multi-dimensional impacts on patients' perceptions, self-management and well-being. Anxiety, including fear of KSD recurrence, and low mood were common psychological burdens across narratives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of the themes identified were commensurate with an extended CSM-SR. This model has utility in informing how patients perceive and manage KSD. Examining patients' KSD representations and routinely assessing for psychological distress may be of benefit to improve health outcomes for this patient group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10336451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederick H. F. Chan, Stanton Newman, Behram A. Khan, Konstadina Griva
Objectives
Cognitive impairment is common in haemodialysis patients and is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality. However, subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), the self-experienced difficulties in everyday cognitive activities, remain poorly understood. This study examined the prevalence and course of SCCs in haemodialysis patients and its longitudinal associations with sociodemographic, clinical and patient-reported variables.
Design
Observational prospective study with baseline and 12-month follow-up assessment.
Methods
Based on a validated cut-off point on the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Cognitive Function subscale, haemodialysis patients (N = 159; 40.3% female, mean age 53.62) were classified into cognitive complaint trajectories: (1) resilient (60.4%; no/low SCCs throughout); (2) persistent (8.8%; stable high SCCs); (3) deterioration (17.6%; from no/low to high SCCs); and (4) recovery (13.2%; from high to no/low SCCs). Sociodemographic/clinical characteristics, self-efficacy, self-management skills, adherence, mood and biochemical assays were measured at both assessments and compared among trajectories using mixed ANOVAs.
Results
Interaction effects indicated significant improvements in the recovery group in clinical outcomes (i.e., decreased phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product), self-efficacy and mood over time. Group effects indicated significantly poorer self-efficacy, self-management skills and adherence in the persistent group than other trajectories across both assessments. None of the sociodemographic/clinical characteristics was associated with SCC trajectories.
Conclusions
The extent of SCCs vary over time across haemodialysis patients. Routine screening of SCCs in dialysis settings may help identifying patients at risk of poor self-management and worse prognosis. Strategies that compensate for cognitive lapses may mitigate the perceived cognitive burden of this population.
{"title":"Prevalence and trajectories of subjective cognitive complaints and implications for patient outcomes: A prospective study of haemodialysis patients","authors":"Frederick H. F. Chan, Stanton Newman, Behram A. Khan, Konstadina Griva","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12645","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12645","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive impairment is common in haemodialysis patients and is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality. However, subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), the self-experienced difficulties in everyday cognitive activities, remain poorly understood. This study examined the prevalence and course of SCCs in haemodialysis patients and its longitudinal associations with sociodemographic, clinical and patient-reported variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational prospective study with baseline and 12-month follow-up assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on a validated cut-off point on the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Cognitive Function subscale, haemodialysis patients (<i>N</i> = 159; 40.3% female, mean age 53.62) were classified into cognitive complaint trajectories: (1) resilient (60.4%; no/low SCCs throughout); (2) persistent (8.8%; stable high SCCs); (3) deterioration (17.6%; from no/low to high SCCs); and (4) recovery (13.2%; from high to no/low SCCs). Sociodemographic/clinical characteristics, self-efficacy, self-management skills, adherence, mood and biochemical assays were measured at both assessments and compared among trajectories using mixed ANOVAs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interaction effects indicated significant improvements in the recovery group in clinical outcomes (i.e., decreased phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product), self-efficacy and mood over time. Group effects indicated significantly poorer self-efficacy, self-management skills and adherence in the persistent group than other trajectories across both assessments. None of the sociodemographic/clinical characteristics was associated with SCC trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The extent of SCCs vary over time across haemodialysis patients. Routine screening of SCCs in dialysis settings may help identifying patients at risk of poor self-management and worse prognosis. Strategies that compensate for cognitive lapses may mitigate the perceived cognitive burden of this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10355401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helena Sousa, Oscar Ribeiro, Alan J. Christensen, Daniela Figueiredo
Objectives
This study explored the perspectives of people undergoing in-centre haemodialysis, family caregivers, and healthcare professionals about the development and implementation of family-based interventions in renal care settings.
Design
A qualitative exploratory study was carried out combining purposive and snowball sampling techniques.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were submitted to thematic analysis.
Results
A total of 82 individuals (27 adults on haemodialysis, 32 family caregivers, and 23 healthcare professionals) participated in this study. Five major themes were identified: (i) educational needs (improve disease and treatment-related knowledge; acquire better clarification on dialysis-related health behaviours); (ii) support needs (easier access to available community resources and professional psychological support; additional emotional and instrumental support from family members); (iii) expected barriers (concerns about participating in a group format; availability of the person on haemodialysis/family caregiver dyad; travel to the intervention site and associated costs); (iv) expected benefits (mutual emotional validation and support; improve family coping skills and involvement); and (v) preferences for content and format (interdisciplinary and moderated by health psychologists) and timing of the intervention (weekends and/or non-dialysis days).
Conclusions
Findings suggested that interventions focused on the family system in kidney failure need to follow an interdisciplinary approach, combining psychosocial support with an educational component. Future research is needed to minimize barriers to the conjoint participation of the person on haemodialysis/caregiver dyad. This study identifies important intervention goals to inform the design of family-based interventions for people receiving haemodialysis and their family caregivers.
{"title":"Designing family-based interventions in kidney failure: The perspectives of the triad 'patients on haemodialysis/family caregivers/healthcare professionals","authors":"Helena Sousa, Oscar Ribeiro, Alan J. Christensen, Daniela Figueiredo","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12647","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12647","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored the perspectives of people undergoing in-centre haemodialysis, family caregivers, and healthcare professionals about the development and implementation of family-based interventions in renal care settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A qualitative exploratory study was carried out combining purposive and snowball sampling techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were submitted to thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 82 individuals (27 adults on haemodialysis, 32 family caregivers, and 23 healthcare professionals) participated in this study. Five major themes were identified: (i) educational needs (improve disease and treatment-related knowledge; acquire better clarification on dialysis-related health behaviours); (ii) support needs (easier access to available community resources and professional psychological support; additional emotional and instrumental support from family members); (iii) expected barriers (concerns about participating in a group format; availability of the person on haemodialysis/family caregiver dyad; travel to the intervention site and associated costs); (iv) expected benefits (mutual emotional validation and support; improve family coping skills and involvement); and (v) preferences for content and format (interdisciplinary and moderated by health psychologists) and timing of the intervention (weekends and/or non-dialysis days).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggested that interventions focused on the family system in kidney failure need to follow an interdisciplinary approach, combining psychosocial support with an educational component. Future research is needed to minimize barriers to the conjoint participation of the person on haemodialysis/caregiver dyad. This study identifies important intervention goals to inform the design of family-based interventions for people receiving haemodialysis and their family caregivers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10355399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We aimed to determine women's views about egg freezing for non-medical reasons and the factors motivating freezing decisions.
Design
In this study, 514 women aged 18–44 years completed an online cross-sectional survey exploring fertility knowledge, reproductive intentions and views concerning non-medical egg freezing.
Methods
Data were analysed descriptively. Additionally, 14 variables noted as potential motivators in prior literature were entered into a multinomial regression to explore factors that would motivate women to consider freezing their eggs for non-medical reasons.
Results
Views concerning non-medical egg freezing were generally positive, with 61.3% of participants reporting that they would consider egg freezing (‘Yes’ or ‘Maybe’). Factors motivating decisions to freeze varied among women who responded ‘Yes’, ‘Maybe’ and ‘I don't know’ to whether they would consider freezing. The availability of Medicare subsidization and the procedure not affecting future fertility were significant predictors for all three groups of women.
Conclusions
Acceptability of egg freezing for non-medical reasons was moderate to high. However, there is a need for targeted fertility information to educate women about fertility and optimal times to conceive and freeze their eggs. Future research about views concerning non-medical egg freezing among diverse populations and examining the health economics of this procedure would be beneficial.
{"title":"Australian women's views concerning non-medical egg freezing and factors motivating freezing decisions","authors":"Molly Arendt, Melissa Oxlad","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12646","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12646","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to determine women's views about egg freezing for non-medical reasons and the factors motivating freezing decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, 514 women aged 18–44 years completed an online cross-sectional survey exploring fertility knowledge, reproductive intentions and views concerning non-medical egg freezing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were analysed descriptively. Additionally, 14 variables noted as potential motivators in prior literature were entered into a multinomial regression to explore factors that would motivate women to consider freezing their eggs for non-medical reasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Views concerning non-medical egg freezing were generally positive, with 61.3% of participants reporting that they would consider egg freezing (‘Yes’ or ‘Maybe’). Factors motivating decisions to freeze varied among women who responded ‘Yes’, ‘Maybe’ and ‘I don't know’ to whether they would consider freezing. The availability of Medicare subsidization and the procedure not affecting future fertility were significant predictors for all three groups of women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acceptability of egg freezing for non-medical reasons was moderate to high. However, there is a need for targeted fertility information to educate women about fertility and optimal times to conceive and freeze their eggs. Future research about views concerning non-medical egg freezing among diverse populations and examining the health economics of this procedure would be beneficial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9981018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federica Picariello, Joseph Chilcot, Trudie Chalder, David Herdman, Rona Moss-Morris
Objectives
Cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms can worsen or maintain the severity of symptoms across long-term conditions (LTCs). Although the Cognitive and Behavioural Responses Questionnaire (CBRQ) has been used in research, its original development and psychometric properties as a transdiagnostic measure have not been reported. Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CBRQ and a recently proposed short version, across different LTCs.
Design
Psychometric validation study.
Methods
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the factor structure of the CBRQ in two datasets from the CBRQ's original development; (chronic fatigue syndrome, N = 230; and multiple sclerosis, N = 221) and in additional groups: haemodialysis (N = 174), inflammatory bowel disease (N = 182) and chronic dizziness (N = 185). Scale reliability and construct validity were assessed. The factor structure of the shortened CBRQ (CBRQ-SF) was also assessed.
Results
CFA revealed that a 7-or 8-factor structure had generally appropriate fit supporting the originally proposed 7 factors (Fear avoidance, Damage beliefs, Catastrophising, Embarrassment avoidance, Symptom focusing, All-or-nothing behaviour and Avoidance/Resting behaviour). Omega coefficients indicated satisfactory internal reliability. Correlations with related constructs suggested construct validity. The scale appeared sensitive to change. The CBRQ-SF also displayed good psychometric quality, with a better model fit than the CBRQ.
Conclusions
The CBRQ and the shortened version were shown to be reliable and valid at assessing a range of cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms, highlighting the multi-symptom, transdiagnostic properties of this questionnaire. Further research is necessary to determine the test–retest reliability and sensitivity to change of the CBRQ and CBRQ-SF and a thorough evaluation of the content validity of the items.
{"title":"The Cognitive and Behavioural Responses to Symptoms Questionnaire (CBRQ): Development, reliability and validity across several long-term conditions","authors":"Federica Picariello, Joseph Chilcot, Trudie Chalder, David Herdman, Rona Moss-Morris","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12644","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12644","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms can worsen or maintain the severity of symptoms across long-term conditions (LTCs). Although the Cognitive and Behavioural Responses Questionnaire (CBRQ) has been used in research, its original development and psychometric properties as a transdiagnostic measure have not been reported. Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CBRQ and a recently proposed short version, across different LTCs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychometric validation study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the factor structure of the CBRQ in two datasets from the CBRQ's original development; (chronic fatigue syndrome, <i>N</i> = 230; and multiple sclerosis, <i>N</i> = 221) and in additional groups: haemodialysis (<i>N</i> = 174), inflammatory bowel disease (<i>N</i> = 182) and chronic dizziness (<i>N</i> = 185). Scale reliability and construct validity were assessed. The factor structure of the shortened CBRQ (CBRQ-SF) was also assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CFA revealed that a 7-or 8-factor structure had generally appropriate fit supporting the originally proposed 7 factors (Fear avoidance, Damage beliefs, Catastrophising, Embarrassment avoidance, Symptom focusing, All-or-nothing behaviour and Avoidance/Resting behaviour). Omega coefficients indicated satisfactory internal reliability. Correlations with related constructs suggested construct validity. The scale appeared sensitive to change. The CBRQ-SF also displayed good psychometric quality, with a better model fit than the CBRQ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CBRQ and the shortened version were shown to be reliable and valid at assessing a range of cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms, highlighting the multi-symptom, transdiagnostic properties of this questionnaire. Further research is necessary to determine the test–retest reliability and sensitivity to change of the CBRQ and CBRQ-SF and a thorough evaluation of the content validity of the items.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9334887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roisin Begley, Lynn Farrell, Nigel Lyttle, Jane Alty, David Curran, Stefan Williams, Christopher D. Graham
OBJECTIVES Uncertainty regarding the legitimacy of functional neurological disorder (FND) remains among some health care professionals. Despite treatment guidelines and consensus recommendations, variability in clinical practice referral decisions persists. Evidence from other conditions suggests such clinical decision making is impacted by practitioners' implicit and explicit attitudes. We aimed to identify whether health care professionals hold implicit and/or explicit attitudes about the legitimacy of FND and whether these attitudes are associated with referral decision making. DESIGN/METHODS We included 66 health care professionals who work with people with neurological conditions: n = 37 medical doctors, mainly neurologists (n = 18) and psychiatrists (n = 10), and n = 29 doctoral level practitioner psychologists. Participants completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT), Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), a referral decision-making vignette task and self-report measures of explicit attitudes on FND-legitimacy, therapeutic optimism and clinician confidence. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) was used as a comparator condition. RESULTS Participants self-reported strong explicit FND-legitimate and MS-legitimate attitudes but demonstrated an implicit FND-illegitimate/MS-legitimate bias. Deeper examination provided by the IRAP data indicated pro-FND-legitimate attitudes, but no bias for or against FND-illegitimate-contrasting the pro-MS-legitimate, anti-MS-illegitimate attitudes for the comparator condition. Attitudes about FND-illegitimacy were negatively associated with likelihood of referral to physical interventions such as physiotherapy. Medical doctors had lower treatment optimism and stronger explicit attitudes that FND is illegitimate than psychologists. CONCLUSIONS At an implicit level, clinicians are uncertain about the illegitimacy of FND, and such attitudes are associated with lower likelihood of referral to physiotherapy in particular. Improved education on FND among health care professionals is indicated.
目的关于功能性神经障碍(FND)的合法性的不确定性仍然存在于一些卫生保健专业人员中。尽管有治疗指南和共识建议，临床实践转诊决定的可变性仍然存在。来自其他条件的证据表明，这种临床决策受到从业人员内隐和外显态度的影响。我们的目的是确定卫生保健专业人员是否对FND的合法性持有隐性和/或显性态度，以及这些态度是否与转诊决策有关。设计/方法我们纳入66名与神经系统疾病患者一起工作的卫生保健专业人员:n = 37名医生，主要是神经科医生(n = 18)和精神科医生(n = 10)， n = 29名博士级执业心理学家。参与者完成了内隐关联测验(IAT)、内隐关系评估程序(IRAP)、转诊决策小片段任务和对fnd合法性、治疗乐观主义和临床医生信心的外显态度的自我报告测量。多发性硬化症(MS)作为比较条件。结果参与者自我报告强烈的明确的fnd -合法和ms -合法态度，但表现出内隐的fnd -非法/ ms -合法偏见。IRAP数据提供的更深入的研究表明，在比较条件下，亲ms -合法和反ms -非法的态度对比，支持fnd -合法的态度没有偏见，但反对fnd -非法的态度没有偏见。对fnd私生子的态度与转诊到物理干预(如物理治疗)的可能性呈负相关。与心理医生相比，医生对治疗的乐观态度较低，对FND不正当性的明确态度较强。在隐性层面上，临床医生不确定FND的非法性，特别是这种态度与转诊到物理治疗的可能性较低有关。报告指出，卫生保健专业人员应加强对失踪者的教育。
{"title":"Clinicians' implicit and explicit attitudes about the legitimacy of functional neurological disorders correlate with referral decisions","authors":"Roisin Begley, Lynn Farrell, Nigel Lyttle, Jane Alty, David Curran, Stefan Williams, Christopher D. Graham","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12643","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12643","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES Uncertainty regarding the legitimacy of functional neurological disorder (FND) remains among some health care professionals. Despite treatment guidelines and consensus recommendations, variability in clinical practice referral decisions persists. Evidence from other conditions suggests such clinical decision making is impacted by practitioners' implicit and explicit attitudes. We aimed to identify whether health care professionals hold implicit and/or explicit attitudes about the legitimacy of FND and whether these attitudes are associated with referral decision making. DESIGN/METHODS We included 66 health care professionals who work with people with neurological conditions: n = 37 medical doctors, mainly neurologists (n = 18) and psychiatrists (n = 10), and n = 29 doctoral level practitioner psychologists. Participants completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT), Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), a referral decision-making vignette task and self-report measures of explicit attitudes on FND-legitimacy, therapeutic optimism and clinician confidence. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) was used as a comparator condition. RESULTS Participants self-reported strong explicit FND-legitimate and MS-legitimate attitudes but demonstrated an implicit FND-illegitimate/MS-legitimate bias. Deeper examination provided by the IRAP data indicated pro-FND-legitimate attitudes, but no bias for or against FND-illegitimate-contrasting the pro-MS-legitimate, anti-MS-illegitimate attitudes for the comparator condition. Attitudes about FND-illegitimacy were negatively associated with likelihood of referral to physical interventions such as physiotherapy. Medical doctors had lower treatment optimism and stronger explicit attitudes that FND is illegitimate than psychologists. CONCLUSIONS At an implicit level, clinicians are uncertain about the illegitimacy of FND, and such attitudes are associated with lower likelihood of referral to physiotherapy in particular. Improved education on FND among health care professionals is indicated.","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9711739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le'Sa Tai'Mua Swain, John M. Malouff, Jai Meynadier, Nicola S. Schutte
Objective
Despite innovations in contraceptive methods, unintended pregnancies remain common. Researchers have examined psychological approaches to decrease unintended pregnancies through contraceptive use. These interventions have involved applying aspects of social cognitive theory, the health belief model and self-determination theory. Research findings on the effects of these psychological approaches show conflicting evidence. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the impact of these psychological interventions on unintended pregnancies
Design
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions intended to prevent unwanted pregnancies through an increase in the use of contraceptive methods
Methods
A systematic search of databases and article reference lists led to 26 relevant RCTs with a total of 31,222 participants
Results
The odds ratio for pregnancy in the psychological intervention condition = .83, 95% CI [.75, .93]. The results also showed that the longer an intervention's follow-up period was, the less the prevention effect. Quality assessment of included studies indicated that all used a treatment manual and reported attrition. It also showed that most studies reported the reasons for drop-out and assessed the facilitators' adherence to the intervention protocol. The proportion of variability due to chance amongst studies was I2 = 22%. Duval and Tweedie's Trim and Fill showed a difference between the observed and the adjusted values. The adjusted value, representing a conservative estimate of effect size, was OR = .891, 95% CI [.777, .999]
Conclusions
Altogether, these results support the efficacy of psychological interventions aimed at preventing unintended pregnancy through contraception.
目的尽管避孕方法有所创新，但意外怀孕仍然很常见。研究人员研究了通过避孕来减少意外怀孕的心理学方法。这些干预措施涉及社会认知理论、健康信念模型和自决理论的应用。关于这些心理学方法效果的研究结果显示了相互矛盾的证据。这项荟萃分析的目的是阐明这些心理干预措施对意外怀孕的影响。旨在通过增加避孕药具的使用来预防意外怀孕的心理干预措施的随机对照试验的设计荟萃分析方法系统检索数据库和参考文献，共进行了26项相关的随机对照试验，共31222名参与者干预条件=.83，95%CI[.75，.93]。结果还表明，干预的随访期越长，预防效果越差。纳入研究的质量评估表明，所有研究都使用了治疗手册并报告了损耗。它还表明，大多数研究报告了退出的原因，并评估了主持人对干预方案的遵守情况。研究中由于偶然性导致的变异比例为I2=22%。Duval和Tweedie的Trim and Fill显示观察值和调整值之间存在差异。代表效应大小保守估计的调整值为OR=.891，95%CI[.777，.999]结论总之，这些结果支持旨在通过避孕预防意外怀孕的心理干预的有效性。
{"title":"Psychological interventions decrease unintended pregnancies: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Le'Sa Tai'Mua Swain, John M. Malouff, Jai Meynadier, Nicola S. Schutte","doi":"10.1111/bjhp.12641","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjhp.12641","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite innovations in contraceptive methods, unintended pregnancies remain common. Researchers have examined psychological approaches to decrease unintended pregnancies through contraceptive use. These interventions have involved applying aspects of social cognitive theory, the health belief model and self-determination theory. Research findings on the effects of these psychological approaches show conflicting evidence. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the impact of these psychological interventions on unintended pregnancies</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions intended to prevent unwanted pregnancies through an increase in the use of contraceptive methods</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search of databases and article reference lists led to 26 relevant RCTs with a total of 31,222 participants</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The odds ratio for pregnancy in the psychological intervention condition = .83, 95% CI [.75, .93]. The results also showed that the longer an intervention's follow-up period was, the less the prevention effect. Quality assessment of included studies indicated that all used a treatment manual and reported attrition. It also showed that most studies reported the reasons for drop-out and assessed the facilitators' adherence to the intervention protocol. The proportion of variability due to chance amongst studies was <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 22%. Duval and Tweedie's Trim and Fill showed a difference between the observed and the adjusted values. The adjusted value, representing a conservative estimate of effect size, was OR = .891, 95% CI [.777, .999]</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Altogether, these results support the efficacy of psychological interventions aimed at preventing unintended pregnancy through contraception.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48161,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Health Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjhp.12641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9334865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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