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Editorial for Special Issue on Understanding and Prevention of Suicidal Behavior: Humanizing Care and Integrating Social Determinants. 为 "了解和预防自杀行为 "特刊撰写社论:人性化关怀与社会决定因素的结合。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2024.341
Susana Al-Halabí, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero

Background: Suicide is a preventable public health and social problem. Suicidal behavior is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon whose characterization, assessment, prevention, intervention, and postvention require a comprehensive approach focused on the meaning in a person's life and their suffering in their biographical, social and cultural context. It is an extraordinarily variable phenomenon over time and highly dependent on contextual elements.

Method: This editorial includes the social determinants of this phenomenon, key aspects linked to the dehumanization of healthcare settings, the problems of iatrogenic harm in universal prevention programs for schoolchildren and adolescents, and good clinical practices collected in the scientific literature.

Results: The editorial highlights the importance of research for the prevention of suicidal behavior from any intervention level, whether educational, community, social, or health, as all are involved in prevention.

Conclusions: The goal is to help improve the biographical circumstances of people with suicidal behaviors and the meaningfulness of their lives. This must be done through a collective scaffolding in which the most vulnerable can ask for help when they need it, as well as guide themselves towards life circumstances worth living.

背景:自杀是一个可预防的公共卫生和社会问题。自杀行为是一种复杂的、多因素的现象,其特征、评估、预防、干预和后期预防需要一种综合的方法,重点关注一个人生命中的意义及其在生物、社会和文化背景下所遭受的痛苦。随着时间的推移,这种现象会发生极大的变化,并且高度依赖于环境因素:这篇社论包括这一现象的社会决定因素、与医疗环境非人化相关的关键方面、学龄儿童和青少年普及预防计划中的先天性伤害问题,以及科学文献中收集的良好临床实践:社论强调了从教育、社区、社会或健康等任何干预层面开展预防自杀行为研究的重要性,因为所有干预都涉及预防:我们的目标是帮助有自杀行为的人改善生活环境,使他们的生活更有意义。这必须通过一个集体支架来实现,在这个支架上,最脆弱的群体可以在需要时寻求帮助,并引导自己走向有价值的生活环境。
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引用次数: 0
Validity and Reliability Evidence and Norms for the Spanish Version of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form. 性抑制/性兴奋量表西班牙文简表的有效性和可靠性证据及规范。
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.189
Juan Carlos Sierra, Oscar Cervilla, Ana Álvarez-Muelas, María Del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes

Background: The Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form (SIS/SES-SF) is a brief instrument for assessing the propensity for sexual excitement and inhibition in men and women. The aim of the present study was to provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the SIS/SES-SF scores by examining invariance, reliability (information function and internal consistency), the relationship between the scores and sexual functioning, and presenting its standard scores.

Method: A total of 2,223 Spanish heterosexuals (43.41% men and 56.59% women) aged 18 to 83 years (M = 39.94, SD = 11.95), distributed across age groups (18-34, 35-49, ≥ 50 years old) participated.

Results: The three-factor structure of the Spanish version of SIS/SES-SF showed weak measurement invariance by sex and strict measurement invariance by age. The scores explained the dimensions of sexual functioning, especially sexual arousal and erection/lubrication. In addition, men and women without difficulties in sexual functioning demonstrated more propensity for sexual excitation and less sexual inhibition. The standard scores are presented by sex and age group.

Conclusions: The study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of the SIS/SES-SF measures, confirming its usefulness for assessing propensity to sexual excitation and inhibition.

背景:性抑制/性兴奋量表-简表(SIS/SES-SF)是一种简短的工具,用于评估男性和女性的性兴奋和性抑制倾向。本研究的目的是通过考察西班牙版 SIS/SES-SF 的不变量、可靠性(信息功能和内部一致性)、分数与性功能之间的关系以及标准分数,为 SIS/SES-SF 分数的有效性和可靠性提供证据:方法:共有 2 223 名西班牙异性恋者(男性占 43.41%,女性占 56.59%)参加,他们的年龄在 18 至 83 岁之间(男 = 39.94,女 = 11.95),分布在不同的年龄组(18 至 34 岁,35 至 49 岁,≥ 50 岁):西班牙文版 SIS/SES-SF 的三因素结构显示,不同性别的测量不变性较弱,不同年龄的测量不变性较强。得分解释了性功能的各个维度,尤其是性唤起和勃起/润滑。此外,没有性功能障碍的男性和女性表现出更多的性兴奋倾向和更少的性抑制。标准分按性别和年龄组列示:这项研究证明了 SIS/SES-SF 测量的有效性和可靠性,证实了其在评估性兴奋和性抑制倾向方面的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Spanish Adaptation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ) in Community Adolescents and Adults. 社区青少年和成年人心理化问卷 (MZQ) 的西班牙文改编版。
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.47
Jacqueline Nonweiler, Eduardo Doval, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Sergi Ballespí

Background: Despite the role of mentalization in mental health outcomes and prevention, psychometrically-evaluated screening measures for mentalization remain sparse. One widely-used mentalization questionnaire is the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ; Hausberg et al., 2012), which we aimed to adapt and validate for use in Spanish.

Method: We adapted the MZQ to European Spanish and evaluated its psychometric properties in both adolescent (n = 389, ages 12-19, M = 14.5) and adult community samples (n = 382, M = 48).

Results: Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a unidimensional structure including all items. This model had better goodness of fit than the original and other adaptations. Invariance analysis showed the same structure in adolescents compared by sex and age, and additionally in the adult versus adolescent samples. Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was found. Internal consistency values in both adolescents and parents were fair and in the adolescent sample the MZQ scores remained moderately stable after re-test.

Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the MZQ presents similar evidence of reliability and validity in the adolescent and adult samples. The results support this being a suitable version for evaluating mentalization in the general population.

背景:尽管心理化在心理健康结果和心理健康预防中扮演着重要角色,但经过心理测量学评估的心理化筛查措施仍然很少。心理化问卷(MZQ;Hausberg et al:我们将 MZQ 改编为欧洲西班牙语,并在青少年(n = 389,12-19 岁,M = 14.5)和成人社区样本(n = 382,M = 48)中对其心理测量特性进行了评估:确认性因素分析得出了一个包含所有项目的单维结构。该模型的拟合优度优于原始模型和其他改编模型。不变性分析表明,青少年的结构与性别和年龄的结构相同,此外,成人样本与青少年样本的结构也相同。研究还发现了收敛效度和区分效度。青少年和家长的内部一致性值尚可,青少年样本的 MZQ 分数在重测后保持了适度的稳定:西班牙文改编版 MZQ 在青少年和成人样本中的信度和效度证据相似。结论:西班牙文改编版 MZQ 在青少年和成人样本中具有相似的信度和效度,结果表明该版本适合用于评估普通人群的精神状态。
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引用次数: 0
Combined Effects of Early Life Stress and Prolonged Exposure to Western Diet on Emotional Responses and Gut Microbiota. 早期生活压力和长期接触西方饮食对情绪反应和肠道微生物群的综合影响
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.287
Isabel López-Taboada, Silvia Arboleya, Saúl Sal-Sarria, Miguel Gueimonde, Héctor González-Pardo, Nélida M Conejo

Background: Exposure to early life stress (ELS) and maternal consumption of a high-fat and high-sugar diet can have detrimental effects on adult emotional responses. The microbiota and gut-brain axis have been proposed as playing a mediating role in the regulation of stress and emotion.

Method: Young male rats were exposed to maternal separation (MS) together with maternal and postnatal consumption of a HFS diet (45%kcal saturated fat, 17%kcal sucrose). Anxiety-like behaviour was evaluated using an elevated zero-maze, and depression-like behaviour using the forced-swim and sucrose preference tests. Microbiota composition and derived metabolites were also analysed in faecal samples using a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometry.

Results: Combined exposure to MS and lifelong consumption of a HFS diet partially reversed the abnormal anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours in early adulthood caused by each adverse factor alone. Diet composition had a greater negative impact than ELS exposure on the gut microbiota, and both environmental factors interacted with microbiota composition partially counteracting their negative effects.

Conclusions: The effects of exposure to early life stress and a HFS diet independently are partially reversed after the combination of both factors. These results suggest that ELS and diet interact to modulate adult stress response and gut microbiota.

背景:早期生活压力(ELS)和母体摄入高脂高糖饮食会对成年后的情绪反应产生不利影响。微生物群和肠道-大脑轴被认为在压力和情绪的调节中起着中介作用:方法:将幼年雄性大鼠置于母体分离(MS)以及母体和产后摄入高糖饮食(45% 千卡饱和脂肪、17% 千卡蔗糖)的环境中。焦虑样行为通过高架零迷宫进行评估,抑郁样行为通过强迫游泳和蔗糖偏好测试进行评估。还使用气相色谱仪和质谱仪分析了粪便样本中的微生物群组成和衍生代谢物:结果:将暴露于 MS 和终生食用 HFS 饮食结合起来,可部分逆转成年早期由每个不利因素单独引起的异常焦虑样和抑郁样行为。膳食组成对肠道微生物群的负面影响大于暴露于ELS的影响,这两种环境因素与微生物群组成相互作用,部分抵消了它们的负面影响:结论:早期生活压力暴露和高脂饮食的影响在这两种因素共同作用下被部分逆转。这些结果表明,早期生命应激反应和饮食会相互作用,调节成年后的应激反应和肠道微生物群。
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引用次数: 0
Mental Health in Doctoral Students: Individual, Academic, and Organizational Predictors. 博士生的心理健康:个人、学术和组织预测因素。
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.156
Francisco J Estupiñá, Álvaro Santalla, Maider Prieto-Vila, Ana Sanz, Cristina Larroy

Background: The mental health of doctoral students is a matter of concern, and several variables appear to be associated with the state of their mental health. However, there have been no studies on the population of doctoral students in Spain to date using validated instruments.

Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to assess mental health in 1,018 doctoral students. The impact of personal, academic, psychological, and social/organisational variables on their mental health was assessed.

Results: Between 50% and 60% of the sample might be experiencing a common psychological disorder, while 18.8% of the sample might be experiencing passive suicidal ideation. In addition, using binary logistic regression, significant predictors of negative mental health were identified, including: sociodemographic variables (being female); academic variables (longer time spent in a doctoral programme); psychological variables (lower life satisfaction; greater interference and less clarity about negative emotions); and social and organisational variables (greater fear of losing tuition rights, lower social support, and greater interference of academic work with personal life).

Conclusions: Doctoral students need measures to remedy and prevent mental health issues based on improving self-care and emotion regulation, promoting social support at university, and reducing the pressure of losing tuition rights among final-year students.

背景:博士生的心理健康是一个值得关注的问题,有几个变量似乎与他们的心理健康状况有关。然而,迄今为止,还没有使用有效工具对西班牙的博士生群体进行过研究:方法:我们开展了一项横断面观察研究,以评估 1 018 名博士生的心理健康状况。评估了个人、学业、心理和社会/组织变量对其心理健康的影响:结果显示:50%至 60%的样本可能存在常见的心理障碍,18.8%的样本可能存在被动的自杀倾向。此外,利用二元逻辑回归法,还确定了消极心理健康的重要预测因素,包括:社会人口变量(女性);学术变量(攻读博士课程的时间较长);心理变量(生活满意度较低;消极情绪干扰较大且不太清晰);以及社会和组织变量(对失去学费权利的恐惧较大、社会支持较少以及学术工作对个人生活的干扰较大):结论:博士生需要采取措施补救和预防心理健康问题,其基础是提高自我保健和情绪调节能力、促进大学中的社会支持以及减轻毕业班学生失去学费权利的压力。
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引用次数: 0
The Spanish Short Dark Tetrad (SD4): Association With Personality and Psychological Problems. 西班牙短黑暗四分体(SD4):与人格和心理问题的关联。
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.172
Jordi Ortet-Walker, Carlo Garofalo, Verónica Vidal-Arenas, Stefan Bogaerts, Laura Mezquita, Generós Ortet, Manuel I Ibáñez

Background: The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) is a recently developed instrument for assessing the "dark" personality traits of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism. We aimed to examine the SD4's psychometric properties, adapting it into Spanish and exploring its structure, gender invariance, reliability, concurrent validity, and nomological network.

Method: A sample of 668 adults (Mage = 26.36, SD = 10.64, 69.2% females) completed the SD4 and other self-report questionnaires.

Results: The results demonstrated sound indices of reliability and concurrent validity, an adequate four-factor structure, and support for gender invariance. Furthermore, most of the findings about the nomological network were in line with prior hypotheses: All four SD4 scales were associated with low levels of agreeableness and antagonism; psychopathy was also related to low conscientiousness, disinhibition and impulse-control problems; narcissism was positively associated with extraversion and negatively associated with internalizing symptoms; Machiavellianism was uncorrelated with impulsivity-related problems, which made it distinct from the psychopathy profile; finally, sadism showed a similar pattern of associations to psychopathy, albeit less strongly linked to impulsivity problems and externalizing behavior.

Conclusions: Overall, the SD4 presents sound psychometric properties, although the overlap between psychopathy and sadism warrants some caution.

背景介绍短期黑暗四分法(SD4)是最近开发的一种工具,用于评估精神变态、自恋、马基雅维利主义和虐待狂等 "黑暗 "人格特质。我们的目的是研究 SD4 的心理测量特性,将其改编成西班牙语,并探索其结构、性别不变性、可靠性、并发效度和提名网络:668名成年人(年龄=26.36,标准差=10.64,69.2%为女性)完成了SD4和其他自我报告问卷:结果表明,SD4 具有良好的信度和并发效度指标、适当的四因素结构,并支持性别不变性。此外,有关名义网络的大部分研究结果都与之前的假设相符:所有四个 SD4 量表都与低水平的合意性和对抗性有关;精神变态也与低自觉性、抑制和冲动控制问题有关;自恋与外向性呈正相关,与内化症状呈负相关;马基雅维利主义与冲动相关问题无关,这使其有别于精神变态特征;最后,虐待狂显示出与精神变态类似的关联模式,尽管与冲动问题和外化行为的关联性较弱:总体而言,SD4具有良好的心理测量特性,但心理变态和虐待狂之间的重叠值得警惕。
{"title":"The Spanish Short Dark Tetrad (SD4): Association With Personality and Psychological Problems.","authors":"Jordi Ortet-Walker, Carlo Garofalo, Verónica Vidal-Arenas, Stefan Bogaerts, Laura Mezquita, Generós Ortet, Manuel I Ibáñez","doi":"10.7334/psicothema2023.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2023.172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) is a recently developed instrument for assessing the \"dark\" personality traits of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism. We aimed to examine the SD4's psychometric properties, adapting it into Spanish and exploring its structure, gender invariance, reliability, concurrent validity, and nomological network.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 668 adults (Mage = 26.36, SD = 10.64, 69.2% females) completed the SD4 and other self-report questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated sound indices of reliability and concurrent validity, an adequate four-factor structure, and support for gender invariance. Furthermore, most of the findings about the nomological network were in line with prior hypotheses: All four SD4 scales were associated with low levels of agreeableness and antagonism; psychopathy was also related to low conscientiousness, disinhibition and impulse-control problems; narcissism was positively associated with extraversion and negatively associated with internalizing symptoms; Machiavellianism was uncorrelated with impulsivity-related problems, which made it distinct from the psychopathy profile; finally, sadism showed a similar pattern of associations to psychopathy, albeit less strongly linked to impulsivity problems and externalizing behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the SD4 presents sound psychometric properties, although the overlap between psychopathy and sadism warrants some caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48179,"journal":{"name":"Psicothema","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Internalizing Problems in Adopted Eastern European Adolescents: The Role of the Informant, Early Adversity and Post-Adoption Processes. 被收养的东欧青少年的内化问题:信息提供者、早期逆境和收养后过程的作用》(The Role of the Informant, Early Adversity and Post-Adoption Processes.
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.152
Pablo Carrera, Maite Román, Isabel Cáceres, Jesús Palacios

Background: Internationally adopted children who suffered early institutionalization are at risk of a late onset of internalizing problems in adolescence. Both pre-adoption, adversity-related, and post-adoption factors predict variability in internalizing problems in this population. Previous studies have suggested different patterns of parent-adolescent informant discrepancies in adoptive dyads

Method: We analyzed internalizing problems among 66 adolescents internationally adopted from Russia to Spanish families using both the parent- and self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and comparing them with a low-risk, community group (n = 30). We assessed pre-adoption and post-adoption factors and evaluated cross-informant discrepancies.

Results: Internationally adopted adolescents exhibited more internalizing problems by parent-report than community adolescents, but there were no differences by self-report. Adopted youth showed no discrepancies between parent and self-report, whereas community adolescents reported more internalizing symptoms than their parents. Pre-adoption adversity-related factors predicted parent-reported internalizing problems, while post-adoption factors predicted self-reported internalizing problems.

Conclusions: Parent-adolescent informant discrepancies in adopted adolescents from Eastern Europe for internalizing symptoms were lower than in community adolescents. Both adversity-related factors and the lived experience of adoption may influence the development of internalizing symptoms in internationally adopted adolescents.

背景:早年被收养到福利院的国际收养儿童有可能在青春期较晚才出现内化问题。领养前、与逆境相关和领养后的因素均可预测该人群内化问题的变化。以前的研究表明,在领养家庭中,父母与青少年之间的信息不一致有不同的模式:我们分析了 66 名从俄罗斯被国际收养到西班牙家庭的青少年的内化问题,使用了家长和自我报告版的优势与困难问卷,并将他们与低风险社区群体(n = 30)进行了比较。我们对领养前和领养后的因素进行了评估,并对交叉信息差异进行了评价:结果:根据父母的报告,国际收养青少年比社区青少年表现出更多的内化问题,但根据自我报告,两者没有差异。被收养青少年的父母报告和自我报告之间没有差异,而社区青少年报告的内化症状比父母报告的要多。领养前的逆境相关因素可预测父母报告的内化问题,而领养后的因素可预测自我报告的内化问题:结论:在被收养的东欧青少年中,父母与青少年之间关于内化症状的信息差异低于社区青少年。与逆境有关的因素和收养的生活经历可能会影响国际收养青少年内化症状的发展。
{"title":"Internalizing Problems in Adopted Eastern European Adolescents: The Role of the Informant, Early Adversity and Post-Adoption Processes.","authors":"Pablo Carrera, Maite Román, Isabel Cáceres, Jesús Palacios","doi":"10.7334/psicothema2023.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2023.152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Internationally adopted children who suffered early institutionalization are at risk of a late onset of internalizing problems in adolescence. Both pre-adoption, adversity-related, and post-adoption factors predict variability in internalizing problems in this population. Previous studies have suggested different patterns of parent-adolescent informant discrepancies in adoptive dyads</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed internalizing problems among 66 adolescents internationally adopted from Russia to Spanish families using both the parent- and self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and comparing them with a low-risk, community group (n = 30). We assessed pre-adoption and post-adoption factors and evaluated cross-informant discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internationally adopted adolescents exhibited more internalizing problems by parent-report than community adolescents, but there were no differences by self-report. Adopted youth showed no discrepancies between parent and self-report, whereas community adolescents reported more internalizing symptoms than their parents. Pre-adoption adversity-related factors predicted parent-reported internalizing problems, while post-adoption factors predicted self-reported internalizing problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parent-adolescent informant discrepancies in adopted adolescents from Eastern Europe for internalizing symptoms were lower than in community adolescents. Both adversity-related factors and the lived experience of adoption may influence the development of internalizing symptoms in internationally adopted adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":48179,"journal":{"name":"Psicothema","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire. 父母喂养方式问卷西班牙文版的心理测量特性。
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.184
Irene Martínez-Hernández, Marina Olmos-Soria, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, María D Hidalgo, Ana V Valero-García

Background: There are no validated instruments in Spain for measuring parental feeding styles. The aim was to validate the Parental Feeding Styles Questionnaires (PFSQ) in a Spanish sample.

Method: A total of 523 mothers of 523 school-children participated. The children had a mean age of 4.4 years (SD = 1.3), with 51% being boys (M = 4.3 years, SD = 1.4) and 49% girls (M = 4.5 years, = SD 1.3). The PFSQ and the Comprehensive General Parenting Styles Questionnaire (CGPQ) were used.

Results: A model of four correlated factors was identified: Prompting/encouraging eating, emotional feeding, instrumental feeding, and control over eating. Cronbach's alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.64 to 0.86, and McDonald's Omega coefficient ranged from 0.66 to 0.86. Emotional feeding and prompting/encouraging eating had values above 0.70, control over eating had a value of 0.68 and instrumental feeding had an alpha coefficient of 0.64 and omega coefficient of 0.66. The factor structure was similar to the original and to other adapted versions. The Spanish sample used more control over eating and prompting/encouraging to eat.

Conclusions: The adapted PFSQ is a suitable instrument for assessing the feeding styles of Spanish parents.

背景:西班牙没有经过验证的测量父母喂养方式的工具。本研究的目的是在西班牙样本中验证父母喂养方式问卷(PFSQ):共有 523 名学龄儿童的 523 位母亲参加。这些儿童的平均年龄为 4.4 岁(SD = 1.3),其中 51% 为男孩(M = 4.3 岁,SD = 1.4),49% 为女孩(M = 4.5 岁,SD = 1.3)。研究使用了 PFSQ 和一般养育方式综合问卷(CGPQ):结果:确定了一个由四个相关因素组成的模型:结果:确定了四个相关因子模型:催促/鼓励进食、情绪化喂养、工具性喂养和控制进食。各分量表的 Cronbach's alpha 值介于 0.64 到 0.86 之间,麦当劳欧米茄系数介于 0.66 到 0.86 之间。情感喂养和促使/鼓励进食的数值高于 0.70,控制进食的数值为 0.68,工具性喂养的α系数为 0.64,欧米茄系数为 0.66。因子结构与原始版本和其他改编版本相似。西班牙样本使用了更多的进食控制和进食提示/鼓励:结论:改编版 PFSQ 是评估西班牙父母喂养方式的合适工具。
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引用次数: 0
Suicidal Behavior and Social Cognition: The Role of Hypomentalizing and Fearlessness About Death. 自杀行为与社会认知:预想和对死亡的恐惧的作用。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2024.82
Jorge Andreo-Jover, Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez, Julio Bobes, Ana I. Cebria, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Alejandro De la Torre-Luque, Marina Díaz-Marsá, Adriana García-Ramos, Iria Grande, Ana González-Pinto, Luis Jiménez-Treviño, Natalia Roberto, Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla, Ángela Palao-Tarrero, Víctor Pérez-Sola

Background: Suicide attempt (SA) lethality is associated with heightened suicidal desires and social cognition deficits. Fearlessness about death (FAD) and hypomentalizing may play a role in SA and self-harm. Although studies have identified relationships between these constructs, this line of research is still limited. We aimed to explore the mediating role of FAD and mentalizing between suicidal ideation and both SA lethality and self-harm.

Method: 1,371 suicide attempters (70.1% women; M = 40 years) from seven Spanish hospitals participated. We used the Fearlessness About Death (ACSS-FAD) subscale, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire-8 (RFQ-8), and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS). We conducted serial multiple mediation analyses with suicidal ideation as exposure; FAD and mentalizing as mediators; SA lethality and self-harm as outcomes.

Results: Indirect effects were found of suicidal ideation on self-harm ( B = 0.08, CI = 0.03-0.15) and SA lethality mediated by FAD ( B = 0.02, CI = 0.001-0.04); indirect effects of suicidal ideation on self-harm through mentalizing ( B = 0.10, CI = 0.04-0.167), and total indirect effects between suicidal ideation and self-harm through FAD and mentalizing ( B = 0.18, CI = 0.11-0.27).

Conclusions: Interventions addressing mentalizing and FAD may help reduce SA lethality and self-harm risk.

背景:自杀未遂(SA)的致命性与自杀欲望增强和社会认知缺陷有关。对死亡的恐惧(FAD)和意念减退可能会在自杀和自残中发挥作用。虽然已有研究发现了这些构念之间的关系,但这一研究方向仍然有限。我们旨在探索 FAD 和心理化在自杀意念与 SA 致命性和自残之间的中介作用:来自西班牙七家医院的 1,371 名自杀未遂者(70.1% 为女性;= 40 岁)参与了研究。我们使用了 "对死亡的恐惧"(ACSS-FAD)分量表、"反思功能问卷-8"(RFQ-8)和 "哥伦比亚自杀严重程度评定量表"(CSSRS)。我们进行了序列多重中介分析,将自杀意念作为暴露因素;FAD和心理化作为中介因素;SA致死率和自残作为结果:结果:自杀意念对自残的间接影响(=0.08,=0.03-0.15)和SA致死率由FAD中介(=0.02,=0.001-0.04);自杀意念通过心理化对自残的间接影响(=0.10,=0.04-0.167),自杀意念和自残之间通过FAD和心理化的总间接影响(=0.18,=0.11-0.27):结论:针对心理化和 FAD 的干预措施可能有助于降低 SA 的致死率和自残风险。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Content Validity Assessment With Item Response Theory Modeling. 利用项目反应理论模型加强内容有效性评估。
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.208
Rodrigo Schames Kreitchmann, Pablo Nájera, Susana Sanz, Miguel A Sorrel

Background: Ensuring the validity of assessments requires a thorough examination of the test content. Subject matter experts (SMEs) are commonly employed to evaluate the relevance, representativeness, and appropriateness of the items. This article proposes incorporating item response theory (IRT) into model assessments conducted by SMEs. Using IRT allows for the estimation of discrimination and threshold parameters for each SME, providing evidence of their performance in differentiating relevant from irrelevant items, thus facilitating the detection of suboptimal SME performance while improving item relevance scores.

Method: Use of IRT was compared to traditional validity indices (content validity index and Aiken's V) in the evaluation of items. The aim was to assess the SMEs' accuracy in identifying whether items were designed to measure conscientiousness or not, and predicting their factor loadings.

Results: The IRT-based scores effectively identified conscientiousness items (R2 = 0.57) and accurately predicted their factor loadings (R2 = 0.45). These scores demonstrated incremental validity, explaining 11% more variance than Aiken's V and up to 17% more than the content validity index.

Conclusions: Modeling SME assessments with IRT improves item alignment and provides better predictions of factor loadings, enabling improvement of the content validity of measurement instruments.

背景:确保评估的有效性需要对测试内容进行彻底检查。通常会聘请主题专家(SMEs)来评估项目的相关性、代表性和适当性。本文建议将项目反应理论(IRT)纳入中小型企业进行的模型评估中。使用 IRT 可以估算出每个中小型企业的区分度和阈值参数,为他们区分相关和不相关项目的表现提供证据,从而有助于发现中小型企业的次优表现,同时提高项目相关性得分:在评估项目时,将 IRT 与传统效度指数(内容效度指数和艾肯 V)进行了比较。目的是评估中小型企业在确定项目是否旨在测量自觉性以及预测其因子载荷方面的准确性:结果:基于 IRT 的评分有效地识别了自觉性项目(R2 = 0.57),并准确地预测了其因子负荷(R2 = 0.45)。这些分数显示了增量效度,比艾肯 V 解释的方差多 11%,比内容效度指数多 17%:结论:用 IRT 对中小型企业评估进行建模,可以改善项目的一致性,更好地预测因子负荷,从而提高测量工具的内容效度。
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引用次数: 0
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Psicothema
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