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Background: Ensuring the validity of assessments requires a thorough examination of the test content. Subject matter experts (SMEs) are commonly employed to evaluate the relevance, representativeness, and appropriateness of the items. This article proposes incorporating item response theory (IRT) into model assessments conducted by SMEs. Using IRT allows for the estimation of discrimination and threshold parameters for each SME, providing evidence of their performance in differentiating relevant from irrelevant items, thus facilitating the detection of suboptimal SME performance while improving item relevance scores.

Method: Use of IRT was compared to traditional validity indices (content validity index and Aiken's V) in the evaluation of items. The aim was to assess the SMEs' accuracy in identifying whether items were designed to measure conscientiousness or not, and predicting their factor loadings.

Results: The IRT-based scores effectively identified conscientiousness items (R2 = 0.57) and accurately predicted their factor loadings (R2 = 0.45). These scores demonstrated incremental validity, explaining 11% more variance than Aiken's V and up to 17% more than the content validity index.

Conclusions: Modeling SME assessments with IRT improves item alignment and provides better predictions of factor loadings, enabling improvement of the content validity of measurement instruments.

Antecedents: People with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) with extensive support needs are more likely to live in segregated and highly institutionalized environments. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in functioning and quality of life for people with IDD and extensive support needs after transitioning to ordinary homes in the community.

Method: The sample included 54 adults with IDD and extensive support needs, who were assessed at three time points: before transition, six months later, and one year after transition. The Resident Choice Scale, San Martin Quality of Life Scale, Active Support Participation Measure, and the Behavior Problem section of the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning were administered. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and t-tests for repeated measures were carried out.

Results: There were significant improvements in decision-making, participation and independence in daily activities and quality of life, as well as a reduction in the presence and intensity of behavioral problems.

Conclusions: The benefits found in this study support transformation processes towards more inclusive services and professional practices that foster people's rights and feeling of belonging to the community.

Background: The Self-Identified Stage of Recovery (SISR) () is a scale used to assess both the stage of recovery (SISR-A) and the components of the process of personal recovery (SISR-B). This study aimed to develop the Spanish version of the SISR and obtain evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of 230 users of community mental health services.

Method: The Spanish version of the SISR was developed following the translation-back translation procedure, with the support of a committee of experienced experts. The SISR was examined in terms of dimensional structure, internal consistency, relationships with other variables (i.e., the Maryland Recovery Assessment Scale [MARS-12] and the Dispositional Hope Scale [DHS]), and temporal stability (n = 66). Differential item functioning (DIF) by gender was analysed.

Results: The study confirmed the unidimensionality of the SISR-B and suitable internal consistency of its scores (ω = .83, α = .83). Scores from both SISR-A and SISR-B showed good temporal stability and the SISR-B displayed strong correlations with the MARS-12 (rs = .78) and the DHS (rs = .67). No DIF was found.

Conclusions: This study supports the validity and reliability of the scores of the Spanish version of the SISR.

Background: Although personality trait models have become consolidated as the hegemonic taxonomical models for describing personality and provide excellent capacity for predicting variables of psychological interest (i.e., mental disorders), there are still important gaps in our knowledge about why personality traits predict those variables. We hypothesised that intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity and metacognition may partially give an answer to that why.

Method: We analysed: (1) the relationship between those three variables and the five dimensions of the Big Five model (n = 914; 51.7% women) in Study 1, and (2) the relationship between those variables and neuroticism facets (n = 656; 55.7% women) in Study 2.

Results: Results: Intolerance of uncertainty was statistically related to the dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness, while anxiety sensitivity also proved to be related to neuroticism. Both variables were related to the six facets of the neuroticism dimension (with the exception of the impulsivity facet for intolerance of uncertainty). Metacognition showed no significant relationship with any of the personality dimensions.

Conclusions: The current work sheds some light on the why underlying the potential relationships between personality traits and relevant behaviours, with intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety sensitivity being particularly important, especially concerning the neuroticism dimension. why.

Background: This study investigates the impact of social support on resilience and affect among Ukrainian individuals affected by war (non-displaced persons and refugees), one year after the onset of the conflict.

Method: A total of 344 participants were recruited and categorized into two groups: non-displaced individuals and refugees. Measures included the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Rigorous back-translation was conducted for the BRCS and MSPSS to ensure solid psychometric properties.

Results: Findings revealed higher levels of both positive and negative affect in the non-displaced group compared to refugees, along with significant disparities in perceived social support. Path modeling using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) demonstrated the interconnections between the studied variables. It is worth noting that the 'family' subscale of the MSPSS emerged as the most influential predictor of affect.

Conclusions: Social support demonstrated an effect on resilience and affect. Resilience was identified as a dynamic and potentially mediating factor. This underscores the importance of social support networks, particularly familial support, in promoting well-being among populations affected by conflict.

Background: Identifying accurate methods of assessing suicidal ideation has important implications. The lack of a universal definition of suicidal ideation has complicated measurement efforts. This study details the development of a brief self-report measure of suicidal ideation which specifically focuses on thoughts of suicide.

Method: The Questionnaire for Suicidal Ideation (QSI) was developed by collating items from three existing measures of suicidal ideation. Items explicitly describing acts or behaviours were removed and Posner et al.'s (2007) definition of suicidal ideation was applied to the remaining items. The final questionnaire consisted of 6 items. Participants were adults (n = 192) and adolescents (n = 152) attending community mental health services in the Irish public health service.

Results: The QSI demonstrated excellent reliability in adult (α = .91) and adolescent ( = .90) samples. Exploratory factor analysis produced a one-factor solution explaining 70% and 66% of the variance in adult and adolescent samples respectively. Evidence of relation with other variables was demonstrated with strong correlations between the QSI and measures of depression, hopelessness and borderline symptoms (r = .48 - .68).

Conclusions: The results suggest that the QSI may be a reliable and valid method of assessing suicidal ideation in clinical populations.

Background: Stressful life events (SLEs), impulsivity, aggression, and hostility are known risk factors for suicide. The existence of an "I-A-H Triad" (composed of impulsiveness, aggressiveness and hostility) is proposed as a mediating factor between SLEs and suicide.

Method: Data on 399 deceased people (274 from suicide, 125 from other causes) were collected through psychological autopsy. The Paul Ramsey Life Experience Scale (to collect SLE history), the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were applied, using versions adapted for psychological autopsy.

Results: Comparative analysis of the two groups showed significant differences in the variables of interest (SLE: t = 7.280; BDHI: = 4.201; BIS-11: t = 3.812; I-A-H Triad: t = 4.84). Mediation analysis confirmed the role of the I-A-H Triad in mediation of the presence of SLEs and the type of death.

Conclusions: High levels of impulsivity, aggression, and hostility increase the risk of suicide when a person is faced with SLEs.

Background: The present study analyzes factors of adolescents' ecological-relational contexts in relation to suicidal behavior. In particular, it examined the role of peer bullying and cyberbullying, classroom climate, violence and partner victimization, parental socialization styles, and child-to-parent violence.

Method: The participants are 2,977 Spanish adolescents attending seven secondary schools. They were aged 11-17 (M = 14.0, SD = 1.40; 51.5% girls). Multivariate logistic regression analyses and a two-step cluster analysis were applied to analyze the data.

Results: Findings showed a prevalence of suicidal thoughts in 43.3% of the sample, with 7.7% reporting suicide attempts. Adolescents experiencing high/low victimization (ORa = 3.10, p < .001) and high cybervictimization (ORa = 1.67, p < .001) were at risk. However, high cyberbullying involvement (ORa = 0.55, p < .001) and not having a partner (ORa = 0.61, p < .001) emerged as protective factors. Sex-specific analyses underscored distinct interaction effects, with suicidal behavior in girls being significantly related to maternal negative socialization (ORa = 1.57, p = .05).

Conclusions: An ecological-relational and sex approach is needed to understand and prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents.

Background: Suicide behavior represents a major public health problem for the older population. Within the continuum of suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation may lead to a suicide attempts/death. Risk factors for developing suicidal ideation include mobility limitations, lack of social participation and loneliness. However, there is a need for longitudinal studies to examine these relationships over time.

Method: 50423 older people from three waves of the SHARE project formed the sample (60 years in the first wave; M ± SD = 71.49 ± 8.15; 55% female).

Results: A series of nested Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPM) of suicidal ideation, mobility limitations, social participation and loneliness were tested. The best fitting model was that with equal autoregressive and cross-lagged effects across waves (χ² = 1220.56, CFI = .982, RMSEA = .028, SRMR = .024). The autoregressive effects showed high stability across waves. The cross-lagged effects between suicidal ideation and mobility limitations were strong, while the cross-lagged effects between suicidal ideation and social participation were comparatively smaller. In the case of loneliness, statistical significance was not achieved.

Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of promoting mobility programs and social activities to prevent suicidal ideation among older adults.

Background: Cognitive disinhibition underpins alcohol and drug use problems. Although higher-risk substance use is consistently associated with poorer disinhibition, current findings may be limited by narrow recruitment methods, which over-represent individuals engaged in traditional treatment services with more severe presentations. We embedded a novel gamified disinhibition task (the Cognitive Impulsivity Suite; CIS) in a national online addiction support service ( https://www.counsellingonline.org.au/ ).

Method: Participants aged 18 to 64 ( N = 137; 109 women) completed the Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) along with the CIS, which measures three aspects of disinhibition (Attentional Control, Information-Sampling, and Feedback Monitoring/Shifting). The majority of the sample comprised people with alcohol use, and AUDIT scores were differentiated into ‘higher-risk’ or ‘lower-risk’ groups using latent-class analysis. These classes were then regressed against CIS performance measures.

Results: Compared to lower-risk, higher-risk alcohol use was associated with poorer attentional control and feedback monitoring/shifting. While higher-risk alcohol use was associated with slower information accumulation, this was only observed for older adults, who appeared to compensate with a more conservative response criterion.

Conclusions: Our results reveal novel relationships between higher-risk alcohol use and specific aspects of disinhibition in participants who sought online addiction help services.