Journal of Family Violence最新文献

Purpose

IPV constitutes a serious health concern for LGBTQ populations within Australia, yet inclusive service provision remains sparsely and unevenly accessible to victim-survivors. While poor availability and accessibility of inclusive services is widely recognized as an issue facing LGBTQ victim-survivors, few researchers have examined the structural or systemic basis of this problem. The current piece seeks to explore the structural conditions obstructing inclusive service provision to LGBTQ victim-survivors, from the perspective of service providers.

Method

N = 19 interviews were conducted with N = 21 key personnel with affiliations to a variety of: (i) general population service organizations, (ii) community-led service organizations and (ii) advisory or convening groups. Interviews explored the structural conditions of the IPV service sector, focusing on barriers and enablers to implementing inclusive service provision for LGBTQ populations.

Results

Three broad factors that obstructed or curtailed inclusive service implementation were identified. These were namely: (i) resistance from both internal and external sources around inclusive practice, (ii) accommodating keeping demands in resource constrained contexts, and (ii) political will and LGBTQ visibility within official policy. Responses to these challenges on the organizational level were sometimes sufficient to meaningfully – though only partially – ameliorate these factors, but seldom addressed the structural conditions that necessitate such responses.

Conclusion

Inclusive service provision is a crucial element of victim-survivor recovery. The sporadic accessibility of such services within Australia can be attributed to several core features of sector and policy landscapes, which demand a significant degree of inter-organizational collaboration and collective advocacy to overcome.

Purpose: Early experiences of childhood maltreatment have been linked to intimate partner violence (IPV) later in adulthood. Few studies, however, have examined the prospective relationship between child maltreatment and IPV perpetration in the context of proximal and distal risk factors for violence, such as depression and alcohol misuse.

Method: Data from 370 adult respondents are from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study. Child maltreatment was measured prospectively at preschool ages and school-ages. Proximal and distal risk factors for adult IPV perpetration were measured in adolescence and at two time points in adulthood (age 36 and 46 years of age, on average). Hierarchical regression models were used to examine the prediction of IPV perpetration from earlier time points.

Results: Results indicate that exposure to child maltreatment, frequent alcohol use in adolescence, adolescent depression, frequent alcohol use at age 36, and adult depression at age 36 are predictive of IPV perpetration at age 36. Adolescent aggression and frequent alcohol use at age 46 were significantly predictive of IPV perpetration at age 46.

Conclusions: Findings identify multiple points across the life course for intervention. Interventions targeting adolescent and adult mental health and alcohol use may lessen the risk for adult IPV perpetration.

Purpose

This brief report extends what is known about “the link” between animal cruelty and intimate partner violence (IPV) and family violence (FV). Specifically, it uses animal cruelty data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to explore characteristics of incidents where animal cruelty and IPV or FV occur together.

Methods

This exploratory study analyzes 278 animal cruelty incidents that occurred with IPV or FV from the 2020 NIBRS data using descriptive and bivariate analyses.

Results

Findings from the NIBRS animal cruelty data suggest the importance of parsing out specific intimate and family relationships. While these patterns are similar to IPV and FV that occur with crimes outside of animal cruelty, previous research on the link has not examined these relationships. This study also found the majority of animal cruelty incidents that occur with IPV or FV end in an arrest. No previous work has identified arrest patterns in these cases.

Conclusions

Although exploratory, this study highlights the value of NIBRS animal cruelty data and the opportunity to gain insights at the incident level of details that were previously unavailable from other animal cruelty studies that consider IPV and FV. This study provides a foundation for future research that can inform theoretical development and prevention efforts related to the link.

Purpose

Emergency departments (EDs) play a critical role in addressing the needs of women who acquire a traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by an assault. Little is known about how staff in Australian EDs respond to the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who present with a TBI as a result of family violence, hindering the development of effective policy and frontline care. This qualitative study explored how ED health professionals working in a regionally located hospital respond to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women presenting to hospital with a TBI caused by family violence.

Methods

A qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 24 hospital staff to explore their ways of engaging with, supporting and providing healthcare to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who have experienced a TBI due to family violence.

Results

Cultural support provided by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff, the collaboration of multidisciplinary teams, and the ability of women to stay in hospital short term when no other safe accommodation can be identified were all cited as critical factors in providing responsive healthcare. The ED presentation was perceived as an opportunity to refer Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women to service providers to address their immediate safety and accommodation needs and provide Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women with education around family violence and TBI.

Conclusion

The findings provide valuable insights into the services and treatment regimes available to women and the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women presenting to hospital. The implications include the need for hospitals to provide a standardized, multidisciplinary pathway for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women; the need to fund after-hours (e.g., nights and weekends) ED hospital social and cultural supports; and the need for specialized workers with training in responses to family violence-related TBI to facilitate effective supports of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women.

Purpose

The purpose of this review is to collate literature on approaches to screening women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds for experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and assessing risks, with a view to identifying examples of best practice and research gaps.

Methods

A scoping review methodology was adopted. Medline (Ovid), Embase, CINALH and CENTRAL databases were searched, with supplementary searches for grey literature. Results were independently screened by two reviewers. Studies were included if they focused on women from CaLD backgrounds living in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom or United States of America being screened/assessed in a health setting in relation to IPV. Data on study characteristics and key findings were extracted and critical appraisal of study quality was performed.

Results

A total of n = 1,320 results were yielded. After deduplication, the titles and abstracts of n = 846 studies were screened. A total of n = 5 studies were included in the final analysis, and four screening or risk assessment tools/methods were assessed (Danger Assessment for Immigrant Women, Safe Start, Index of Spouse Abuse and Southern Asian Violence Screen).

Conclusions

Given the documented barriers to migrant help-seeking, screening and risk assessment has an important role to play in ensuring that women from CaLD backgrounds are linked into appropriate IPV support services in a timely manner. However, there is very limited evidence to demonstrate that existing screening/risk assessment tools and strategies meet the specific needs of CaLD populations, and more attention needs to be given to intersectional experiences of violence.

Abstract

In 1995, Michael P. Johnson published work proposing there were multiple types of intimate partner violence, and types differed in their causes, characteristics, and outcomes. As more than a quarter century has passed, this special issue brings together reviews of and reflections on work related to the typology that has already been done and includes new empirical and theoretical works to open the next quarter century. This introduction details the purpose and process that led to this special issue, summarizes what we see as the contributions of this issue, and ends by looking ahead to what work still needs to be done. In doing so, we implore scholars to take care in their methodological and conceptual operationalizations of the typology and expand the work to previously understudied populations, as well as explore the implications of the typology for policy and practice.

Abstract

Abstract

Purpose: Among men, violence is pervasive and associated with poor mental health, but little is known about which men are most vulnerable. Our purpose is to address this gap by exploring mental health and social determinants of health (SDOH) including gender role conflict (GRC) in heterogenous groups of men with distinct patterns of cumulative lifetime violence (CLV) as target and perpetrator.

Methods: Latent class analysis was conducted using means of 64 indicators of CLV severity collected from a community sample of 685 eastern Canadian men, ages 19 to 65 years. Class differences by SDOH, and depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were explored with Chi-square and analysis of variance.

Results: A 4-class solution was optimal. Class 1 had the lowest CLV severity; were more likely to be better educated, employed, and have little difficulty living on their incomes; and had better mental health than other classes. Class 2, characterized by moderate psychological violence as both target and perpetrator, had mean depression and PTSD scores at clinical levels, and more difficulty living on income than Class 1. Classes 3 and 4 were typified by high severity CLV as target but differentiated by Class 4 having the highest perpetration severity, higher GRC, and being older. In both classes, mean mental health scores were above cut-offs for clinical symptomology and higher than Classes 1 and 2.

Conclusion: This is the first evidence that distinct patterns of CLV severity among men intersect with GRC and SDOH and are uniquely associated with mental health.