Journal of Social Psychology最新文献

This study examined the predictive effect of day-to-day variations in sleep on self-reported social motivation and social activity in 126 parents of young children with sleep problems. Controlling for other sleep factors, worse subjective sleep quality predicted less morning sociability and social motivation throughout the day. Unexpectedly, longer sleep duration predicted less social activity the following day. Sleepiness at wakeup predicted morning sociability, but not social motivation or activity throughout the day. This highlights the importance of good sleep quality for motivation to socialize, but also the complexity of investigating the relationship between sleep and social measures in daily life.

Ostracism is well-known to threaten fundamental needs for belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence. This article presents theoretical and empirical evidence for an additional, fifth need, threatened by ostracism: the need for certainty. I review the theoretical basis for this need, and meta-analytically summarize evidence from 18 experiments from my research lab that manipulate ostracism and measure the degree to which individuals feel uncertain about themselves and their environment (total N = 5,241). Ostracism has a negative effect on one's sense of certainty both immediately, d = -.37, 95% Confidence Interval [-.46, -.27], and also, to a lesser but still significant extent, after a brief delay d = -.16 [-.24, -.07]. I consider the current research landscape and future directions, including the behavioral and long-term effects of ostracism-induced uncertainty, the possible appeal of uncertainty for those who use ostracism, and the potential for other needs threatened by ostracism.

Despite apparent scholarly and popular interest, the effects of narcissism levels in academia are understudied. Flirting among college students and professors has garnered great public interest yet received little research attention. The present study examined whether student narcissism levels can predict self-reports of flirting with professors, beliefs that professors and peers are flirting, and beliefs that flirting between students and professors is morally acceptable. Participants provided frequency estimates of flirting behaviors across three within-subjects factors: when referring to behavior of the self or a peer, when a student or a professor was the flirter, and when the flirting occurred in class or a professor's office. Grandiose narcissistic students rated flirty behavior as less atypical regardless of levels of the factors; however, vulnerable narcissistic students rated flirty behavior as less atypical when referring to a peer but not the self. Students higher in both forms of narcissism rated flirty behavior as less morally inappropriate regardless of levels of the factors. The findings offer novel insight into the consequences of narcissism in academic settings.

This research investigates the psychological mechanisms underlying different responses to sexual violence against women, focusing on victim reparation and perpetrator exoneration. Drawing on just-world theory, we hypothesized that gender differences (female victims versus male perpetrators) in support for victim reparation would be reflected by the serial mediation of just-world beliefs (BJW) and secondary victimization. We tested this model with a sample of female survivors of domestic violence (n = 97) and male perpetrators of violence against women (n = 102). As predicted, male perpetrators showed significantly less support for restorative justice-based vctim compensation compared to female survivors. This effect was serially mediated by BJW and secondary victimization: Perpetrators reported more BJW, which predicted greater secondary victimization (i.e. victim-blaming, minimizing the victim's suffering, and avoiding the victim), which in turn predicted less support for victim compensation. Critically, we also found that perpetrators provided more compensation to other perpetrators than female victims, a difference that was mediated by BJW but not by secondary victimization. This finding demonstrates ingroup bias in perpetrator's compensation decisions, linked to BJW.

The current research examines racial differences in spontaneous usage of shared humanity appeals, when expressing support for a marginalized group. In three studies, we examined how Black and White participants use shared humanity arguments when writing in support of Black Americans (Study 1), Muslims (Study 2), and LGBTQ+ people (Study 3). Results show that Black participants were less likely than White participants to use shared humanity appeals for Black Americans, but this difference was not observed for Muslim and LGBTQ+ people. Fear of negative evaluation and self-deceptive enhancement as predictors of shared humanity arguments yielded inconsistent results across target groups. The findings suggest (albeit small effect sizes) that shared humanity appeals are context dependent and impacted by the marginalized target group.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals have endured significant mental strain, leading to ego depletion - a phenomenon characterized by impaired self-regulation after exerting repeated self-control. Our study aimed to examine the effect of ego depletion on risk-taking in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which provided a naturalistic scenario for examining its role in risk-taking. Specifically, data were collected during the later phase of the pandemic in October 2022, a period characterized by recurrent lockdowns and strict campus closures in accordance with China's pandemic control policy. The final sample consisted of 1,609 adults (69% male) who were under lockdown at the time of data collection (mean age = 22.04, SD = 5.28). We first validated the occurrence of ego depletion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the moderated mediation analysis revealed that self-depletion during lockdown promoted the risk-taking tendency, and this relationship was mediated by the intolerance of uncertainty. Moreover, this mediation effect was reinforced in individuals with high depletion sensitivity. This study provides strong evidence supporting the notion that ego depletion promotes risk-taking behavior.

This study investigates the influence of static (BMI and anthropometric measures such as waist-to-hip ratio and shoulder-to-waist ratio) and dynamic cues (walking and dancing) on social perceptions of attractiveness, competence, and warmth. Using stimuli from 100 participants using motion-capture technology, including pictures (static), raw and motion-captured videos (dynamic), the research evaluates how these cues contribute to social judgments. Results indicate that both static and dynamic cues significantly influence perceptions, with dynamic cues (especially dancing) enhancing the ecological validity of judgments. Furthermore, the interplay between BMI and dynamic movement provides a richer context for understanding attractiveness and competence, highlighting the need to integrate both static and dynamic elements in social perception research.

Incidences of radicalism and terrorism have gained momentum in most parts of the world. However, while cultural differences in the occurrence of terrorism have been studied, there is a lack of such research on radicalism. We therefore investigated cross-cultural differences in people's readiness to engage in illegal and violent political action. We hypothesized that people in the United States would show stronger radicalism intentions than people from other Western and non-Western countries. Moreover, we hypothesized that this pattern would be mediated by power distance. To test this, we conducted three studies. The results supported our hypotheses: Compared to Indian (Study 1), German (Study 2), and British (Study 3) participants, US participants held a greater readiness to engage in illegal and violent political action, both on behalf of their groups' and on behalf of their own political and legal rights. Moreover, high levels of power distance translated to this increased radicalism. Illuminating cross-cultural differences in radicalism, this work adds to the understanding of how radical political developments may grow among certain individuals more than others.

In first interactions, people often think about how much they like the other and how much the other likes them in return. Recently, a liking gap has been identified, which is the tendency for people to underestimate how much a new acquaintance likes them. With data from a compiled sample of pairs of strangers interacting for the first time, this investigation contributes to knowledge on how common it is to experience this perceived liking gap (versus no gap or an overestimation of how much one is liked). Also examined is an actual liking gap, the difference between how much people think they are liked by their interaction partner and how much the partner actually reports liking them in return. The liking gaps were found in the compiled sample and were robust across the individual studies and different conditions within the studies.

The study examines the distinction between gifts and bribes, investigating how the relationship between the giver and recipient, the value of the gift, and the form of the gift affect whether people view a transaction as a gift or bribe. In an online experiment, 521 US participants evaluated eight hypothetical scenarios. Results indicate that gifts are more likely to be perceived as bribes if they are of a higher value, monetary, and given in purely professional relationships. These factors may influence perceptions of reciprocity expectations, and hence the classification of a transaction as a bribe or a gift. Lay perception of bribery by gifts should be considered in the design of organizational rules related to giving and receiving gifts.