Journal of Social Psychology最新文献

Two nonexperimental studies were conducted to test how and why transgression victims' narcissism influences their grudge holding, using undergraduate students and a community sample of adults, respectively. Study 1 tested the association between victims' vulnerable narcissism and grudge holding, including emotional persistence, perceived longevity, and disdain toward the transgressor. It also tested the extent to which victims' grandiose narcissism moderated the association. Study 2 was conducted to replicate Study 1 and test whether victims' rumination about the transgression mediated the moderated association. Overall, those with higher degrees of grandiosity showed a positive relation between vulnerable narcissism and reported emotional persistence (Studies 1 and 2) and perceived longevity (Study 2). Finally, rumination explained the moderated relation (Study 2).

Following the recent emphasis on supervisory interactions in abusive supervision, this study explains why and how supervisors' job insecurity and authoritarianism are related to abusive supervision and how subordinates' characteristics, agreeableness and negotiating resistance interact with the effects of supervisors' characteristics. We conducted a field study with 261 supervisor and subordinate dyads in South Korea, and the study findings confirmed that supervisors' authoritarianism is positively related to abusive supervision and that the effect is enhanced when subordinates are highly agreeable and display resistant behaviors. The study contributes to the leadership literature, particularly on abusive supervision and personality. Moreover, our findings have practical implications for employees to manage their work relationships with their supervisors or subordinates.

Psychological entitlement describes the dispositional tendency to claim excessive and unearned rewards and resources, and to demand undeserved special treatment. In one experiment, one cross-sectional survey, and one time-separated survey (total n = 721), we show that psychological entitlement is associated with general conspiracy theory endorsement, COVID-19 specific conspiracy theory endorsement, and conspiracy theorizing as an overarching cognitive style. We find those high in entitlement are more likely to report having made discretionary visits to non-essential venues and services (e.g. buffets, spas, casinos) during the pandemic, and that these risky public health behaviors are mediated through beliefs in conspiracy theories. We identify consequences for public health behavior and conclude with a research agenda for better understanding the underlying mechanisms linking entitlement and conspiracy beliefs.

This study extends the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model by incorporating regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention) as a moderator, examining its impact on job engagement among public sector employees (n = 306). The results show that employees with a promotion focus are more likely to experience increased engagement when facing challenge stressors, as they perceive such stressors as growth opportunities. Conversely, employees with a prevention focus show reduced negative effects from hindrance stressors, as they seek stability and are more focused on avoiding risks. The findings highlight the importance of regulatory fit in job design, suggesting that aligning job demands with individual motivational tendencies can improve engagement. Promotion-focused employees benefit from opportunities for leadership and innovation, while prevention-focused employees thrive in structured environments prioritizing risk management. Tailored training programs in areas like stress management and communication can further support these employees, enhancing engagement and overall organizational performance.

Ideological religious nationalism (IRN) is a worldview that advocates the integration of religious beliefs with national policy and laws and the religious moralization of politics. However, the psychological mechanisms, individual differences, and socio-political consequences related to IRN are unclear. Across five studies (N_Total = 1,349), we established construct validity for a novel scale assessing IRN that is adaptable across different contexts. Results showed that stronger IRN relates to distinct psychological motives, domains of religiosity, and views of one's nation. Results also showed that stronger IRN relates to supporting policies that promote religious-national integration and support of political violence. Lastly, results show that this novel IRN scale can be used across different contexts and has incremental validity beyond similar but distinct measures of religious nationalism. Overall, results showed that IRN can successfully capture people's integration of their religious beliefs with their views about their nation's identity.

A commonly held stereotype about White people in the United States is that they do not have rhythm. Stereotype threat posits that targets in stereotyped domains run the risk of confirming stereotypes in contexts in which they may be evaluated. We examined whether White people experience stereotype threat in domains diagnostic of rhythmic ability. We predicted White people under stereotype threat would perform worse on a rhythm task and have higher domain disengagement relative to White participants in the control condition. White Americans (N =118, 81 women, M_age = 18.81, SD = 1.06) were either told a rhythmic video game task was diagnostic of their rhythmic ability or told the game was to help future game development (i.e. non-diagnostic of ability). We found that White people in the stereotype threat condition performed more poorly on the game than those in the control condition. Furthermore, they also had higher domain disengagement than those in control. Stereotype threat may impede White individuals' ability to perform actions requiring rhythmic ability (e.g. clapping on beat, dancing).

There is a Chinese proverb saying that "when the debts are paid, the body feels light." From the perspective of embodied cognition, there may be a connection between indebtedness and the sensation of physical burden. However, the relationship between the two aspects has not been fully examined. The present research investigated the bidirectionality between indebtedness and physical burden through two studies. In Study 1, we examined the effect of the manipulation of indebtedness on the judgment of a hill slant, which varies by physical burden. Results revealed that participants in the indebted condition judged the hill as steeper than those in the control condition, while repaying the debt eliminated this effect. In Study 2, we found that physical burden enhanced the participants' perception of debt. Consistent with an embodied perspective on cognition, findings suggested the bidirectionality between indebtedness and physical burden and supported embodied simulation theory.

Planning through implementation intention involves forming mental representations of a goal-relevant situation and a goal-directed behavior. The main objective of this study was to determine whether mental representations during conscious planning with if-then plan were spontaneously visualized. The sample included 205 participants, asked to perform an easy vs. difficult pro-environmental behavior. They formed an if-then plan vs. a goal intention and were asked whether they spontaneously used mental imagery. Seven days after, 109 participants reported the number of behaviors they performed. The perceived difficulty of the behavior did not differ significantly, this variable was excluded from analyses. A logistic regression was performed and showed that participants who formed an if-then plan used significantly more spontaneous mental imagery compared to goal intention participants. ANCOVAs also revealed that they reported more behaviors than participants who formed a goal intention. However, participants who spontaneously visualized their if-then plan did not report more goal attainment than other participants. This result, which suggests a distinction between spontaneous and instructed visualization (i.e. explicitly requiring participants to visualize their plan), is discussed.

In a seminal study, Clark and Hatfield (1989) found that men were more willing than women to accept casual sexual invitations, whereas no significant gender differences were observed in responses to propositions for non-committal social activities. The present research comprises two preregistered naturalistic replication studies (total N = 240). Study 1 serves as a direct replication, while Study 2 additionally tests whether differences in sociosexuality account for why men are more willing than women to accept casual sexual offers. In both studies, men more readily than women accepted a sexual invitation from a stranger of the opposite gender. In contrast to the original study, the gender difference was independent of the type of proposition. Individual differences in sociosexuality did not account for the observed gender differences. In summary, gender differences in the willingness to accept casual sexual invitations persist to this day, over 40 years after the initial Clark and Hatfield study.

Extensive research supports a positive association between similarity and attraction at the inter-personal level; the very limited research at the intergroup level is also supportive. In the context of increasing diversity in major societies, alternative diversity management approaches give priority to celebrating differences versus celebrating similarities. We tested to see if similarity-attraction at the intergroup level remains robust in conditions of celebrating differences versus similarities in four studies with ethnic (Study 1, N = 231; Study 2, N = 823), religious (Study 3, N = 1,004), and political (Study 4, N = 606) groups. Study 1 confirmed that participants wanted closer contact with others who they see as more similar. Studies 2, 3, and 4 largely replicated this pattern and found no differences across conditions celebrating differences or similarities between groups. In line with similarity-attraction theory, most group members preferred contact with similar others, both when intergroup differences and similarities were celebrated. The findings are discussed in the context of debates about diversity management policies.