Journal of Social Psychology最新文献

During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals have endured significant mental strain, leading to ego depletion - a phenomenon characterized by impaired self-regulation after exerting repeated self-control. Our study aimed to examine the effect of ego depletion on risk-taking in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which provided a naturalistic scenario for examining its role in risk-taking. Specifically, data were collected during the later phase of the pandemic in October 2022, a period characterized by recurrent lockdowns and strict campus closures in accordance with China's pandemic control policy. The final sample consisted of 1,609 adults (69% male) who were under lockdown at the time of data collection (mean age = 22.04, SD = 5.28). We first validated the occurrence of ego depletion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the moderated mediation analysis revealed that self-depletion during lockdown promoted the risk-taking tendency, and this relationship was mediated by the intolerance of uncertainty. Moreover, this mediation effect was reinforced in individuals with high depletion sensitivity. This study provides strong evidence supporting the notion that ego depletion promotes risk-taking behavior.

This study investigates the influence of static (BMI and anthropometric measures such as waist-to-hip ratio and shoulder-to-waist ratio) and dynamic cues (walking and dancing) on social perceptions of attractiveness, competence, and warmth. Using stimuli from 100 participants using motion-capture technology, including pictures (static), raw and motion-captured videos (dynamic), the research evaluates how these cues contribute to social judgments. Results indicate that both static and dynamic cues significantly influence perceptions, with dynamic cues (especially dancing) enhancing the ecological validity of judgments. Furthermore, the interplay between BMI and dynamic movement provides a richer context for understanding attractiveness and competence, highlighting the need to integrate both static and dynamic elements in social perception research.

Incidences of radicalism and terrorism have gained momentum in most parts of the world. However, while cultural differences in the occurrence of terrorism have been studied, there is a lack of such research on radicalism. We therefore investigated cross-cultural differences in people's readiness to engage in illegal and violent political action. We hypothesized that people in the United States would show stronger radicalism intentions than people from other Western and non-Western countries. Moreover, we hypothesized that this pattern would be mediated by power distance. To test this, we conducted three studies. The results supported our hypotheses: Compared to Indian (Study 1), German (Study 2), and British (Study 3) participants, US participants held a greater readiness to engage in illegal and violent political action, both on behalf of their groups' and on behalf of their own political and legal rights. Moreover, high levels of power distance translated to this increased radicalism. Illuminating cross-cultural differences in radicalism, this work adds to the understanding of how radical political developments may grow among certain individuals more than others.

In first interactions, people often think about how much they like the other and how much the other likes them in return. Recently, a liking gap has been identified, which is the tendency for people to underestimate how much a new acquaintance likes them. With data from a compiled sample of pairs of strangers interacting for the first time, this investigation contributes to knowledge on how common it is to experience this perceived liking gap (versus no gap or an overestimation of how much one is liked). Also examined is an actual liking gap, the difference between how much people think they are liked by their interaction partner and how much the partner actually reports liking them in return. The liking gaps were found in the compiled sample and were robust across the individual studies and different conditions within the studies.

The study examines the distinction between gifts and bribes, investigating how the relationship between the giver and recipient, the value of the gift, and the form of the gift affect whether people view a transaction as a gift or bribe. In an online experiment, 521 US participants evaluated eight hypothetical scenarios. Results indicate that gifts are more likely to be perceived as bribes if they are of a higher value, monetary, and given in purely professional relationships. These factors may influence perceptions of reciprocity expectations, and hence the classification of a transaction as a bribe or a gift. Lay perception of bribery by gifts should be considered in the design of organizational rules related to giving and receiving gifts.

In France, the "new laïcité" is a restrictive conception of individual liberties, particularly the freedom to express religious beliefs in public spaces. Research show that adherence to this conception is linked to greater prejudice toward group minorities. The aim is to study how this conception can be used by individuals exhibiting the highest levels of prejudice against Muslims in the context of recruitment, in order to justify their discriminatory behavioral intentions. The results indicate that the more participants express prejudices, the less they associate the dimension of public expression with a principle of laïcité and the more they have discriminatory behavioral intentions toward foreign candidates. Furthermore, these The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.ehavioural intentions mediate the link between prejudices and public expression when discrimination is justified by a principle of laïcité. These results therefore suggest that the "new laïcité" could legitimize discriminatory behaviors by individuals expressing the most prejudices in the context of employment recruitment.

For many people, the decision to have children or not is one of life's most personal decisions. The number of people without children is growing in many Western countries. Some of these people consciously choose not to have children. In three studies (Study 1 N = 475; Study 2 N = 450; Study 3 N = 293), we provide evidence of a negative bias toward people who choose to be childfree. We compared the childfree to several other social categories as well as people who are involuntarily childless, adoptive parents, and parents of their biological children. Relative to childless people, adoptive parents and parents, participants generally rated childfree people as the least positive. Childfree people were rated low in warmth, but high in competence. Childfree women were rated lower in warmth than childfree men. Discrimination toward childfree people was predicted by perceived narcissism, dehumanization, and violation of pronatalist norms. This research provides evidence of a negative bias toward people who choose not to have children.

Previous studies have found that discounting rates increase for hungry individuals. Based on the strength and process models of self-control, two experiments were conducted to explore the psychological mechanism of the role of subjective hunger on intertemporal choice from the perspective of individual differences in self-control. The results showed that subjective hunger predicted food discounting rates, but did not or not weakly predicted monetary discounting rates. For both intertemporal choices in the fields of money and food, state self-control mediated the effect of subjective hunger on the discounting rate, and trait self-control positively moderated the relationship between subjective hunger and state self-control. However, implicit theories about willpower did not moderate either the relationship between state self-control and monetary discounting rate or its relationship with the food discounting rate. This study provides a new perspective to explain the relationship between subjective hunger and intertemporal decision-making and deepens the understanding of the mechanism of intertemporal decision-making.

Solitude is often stigmatized, yet research suggests intentional time alone can be beneficial. This research tests "Solitude Crafting," a novel two-part intervention to reshape emerging adults' experiences by de-stigmatizing solitude and guiding meaningful solitary activities. Pilot study (N = 120) assessed the intervention's feasibility and impact over five days. The full study (N = 75) tested the intervention, examining Solitude Crafting alongside a comparison time point in a staggered, within-subject design. Results indicated post-intervention improvements in emotional well-being, with participants attributing these benefits to the intervention. Our findings present Solitude Crafting as a promising avenue for reframing attitudes toward solitude and enhancing well-being when alone.

The Attachment Security Enhancement Model proposes that a romantic partner reassuring an anxiously attached person of their commitment can help deescalate negative feelings (i.e. an interpersonal process). However, this can be taxing on the partner and requires the anxious person to accurately detect the partner's buffering attempts. Instead, it may be beneficial for anxious people to consistently perceive greater partner commitment on their own (i.e. an intrapersonal process) to promote relationship quality. The current study incorporated a dyadic diary design. On days in which highly anxious participants perceived greater partner commitment, they reported greater positive relationship feelings; less anxious (i.e. secure) and avoidant participants did not exhibit this pattern. These results add to the existing literature on attachment buffering by providing preliminary evidence of daily perceived partner commitment as one possible defense against erosion of relationship satisfaction due to high levels of attachment anxiety.