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Exploring Conservation Actor Networks in Trinidad And Tobago 探索特立尼达和多巴哥的保护行动者网络
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2092668
Kimberly Wishart Chu Foon, H. Brown, J. Pittman
Abstract Networks play an important role in conservation by facilitating and strengthening collaboration among conservation organizations. This study explores the structural characteristics of networks that could promote or inhibit conservation in Trinidad and Tobago. To achieve this, a questionnaire was sent out to all identifiable conservation actors on the island. Social network analysis software was used to analyze the data and generate network measures and maps. Results show that there are 69 conservation organizations on the island and NGOs play an important role. The overall network density and centralization are low while network cohesion across most categories of actor subgroups was positive. Ego network measures on centrality and brokerage were used to provide recommendations that could help to strengthen collaboration between organizations. As the first study of its kind using network analysis applied to conservation in this geographical context, it can help to inform future conservation research and initiatives.
摘要网络通过促进和加强保护组织之间的合作,在保护方面发挥着重要作用。本研究探讨了可能促进或抑制特立尼达和多巴哥保护的网络的结构特征。为了实现这一目标,向岛上所有可识别的保护行为体发出了一份调查问卷。社交网络分析软件用于分析数据并生成网络测量和地图。结果显示,岛上有69个保护组织,非政府组织发挥着重要作用。总体网络密度和集中度较低,而大多数类别的参与者子组的网络凝聚力为正。关于中心性和中间性的自我网络措施被用来提供有助于加强各组织之间合作的建议。作为第一个将网络分析应用于这一地理背景下的保护的此类研究,它可以帮助为未来的保护研究和举措提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Wildfire Smoke Clean Air Centers: Identifying Barriers and Opportunities for Improvement from California Practitioner and Community Perspectives 野火烟雾清洁空气中心:从加州从业者和社区的角度识别改进的障碍和机会
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2113487
Ryan J. Treves, E. Liu, Stephanie Fischer, Ever Rodriguez, G. Wong‐Parodi
Abstract As wildfire risk is projected to increase across most of the world, exposure to wildfire smoke is a growing global health issue. Clean air centers (CACs), public buildings designated to provide improved air quality to the public during a wildfire smoke event, have emerged as a community-oriented public health response to smoke. Some experts see CACs as the most effective way to reduce population exposure to wildfire smoke. Yet how and why smoke-vulnerable groups utilize CACs, as well as how CACs may be improved to meet their needs, is not well understood. Here, we explore these questions through exploratory interviews with two groups of stakeholders in California CAC development: practitioners and members of a community vulnerable to wildfire smoke. Our findings suggest that a gap remains between California’s CACs and the needs of vulnerable groups. By comparing community and practitioner perspectives, we identify opportunities to close this gap.
随着野火风险预计将在世界大部分地区增加,暴露于野火烟雾是一个日益严重的全球健康问题。清洁空气中心(CACs)是一种公共建筑,用于在野火烟雾事件期间向公众提供改善的空气质量,它已经成为一种面向社区的公共卫生应对烟雾的方式。一些专家认为cac是减少人们接触野火烟雾的最有效方法。然而,吸烟易感人群如何以及为什么使用cac,以及如何改进cac以满足他们的需求,都没有得到很好的了解。在这里,我们通过对加州CAC发展的两组利益相关者的探索性访谈来探讨这些问题:从业者和易受野火烟雾影响的社区成员。我们的研究结果表明,加州的社区服务中心与弱势群体的需求之间仍然存在差距。通过比较社区和从业者的观点,我们发现了缩小这一差距的机会。
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引用次数: 4
The Influence of Evangelical and Political Identity on Climate Change Views 福音派和政治认同对气候变化观点的影响
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2113486
Benjamin S. Lowe, G. Israel, Ramesh Paudyal, K. Wallen
Abstract The roles religion and politics play in the climate change arena have received greater attention in the past decade. Nonetheless, the relationship between religion and politics in how they shape climate change views is poorly understood, particularly among American evangelicals. This study uses data from a probability-based mail survey of residents in the political swing state of Florida, USA to examine the relationships between evangelical identity, religiosity, partisan affiliation and three measures of climate-related views: global warming knowledge, belief, and risk perception. Findings from structural equation modeling demonstrate that evangelical identity, mediated by religiosity, exerts significant negative influences on climate measures, even when partisan affiliation is considered. We discuss these results, exploring the nuanced relationships between these variables and the implications they have on the climate change views of a large and influential segment of the public.
摘要宗教和政治在气候变化领域中的作用在过去十年中受到了越来越多的关注。尽管如此,人们对宗教和政治之间如何塑造气候变化观点的关系知之甚少,尤其是在美国福音派中。这项研究使用了对美国政治摇摆州佛罗里达州居民进行的基于概率的邮件调查的数据,来检验福音派身份、宗教信仰、党派关系和三种气候相关观点之间的关系:全球变暖知识、信仰和风险感知。结构方程建模的结果表明,受宗教信仰影响的福音派身份对气候措施产生了重大负面影响,即使考虑到党派关系。我们讨论了这些结果,探讨了这些变量之间的微妙关系,以及它们对广大有影响力的公众的气候变化观点的影响。
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引用次数: 4
Measuring “Iconicism” through the Iconic Species Scale 通过象征物种量表测量“象征主义”
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-27 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2113845
Sarah Adloo, G. T. Green, B. B. Boley
Abstract Though “iconic species” are mentioned throughout the environmental discourse, this concept is seldom operationalized in conservation research. This study proposes the Iconic Species Scale (ISS) to assess perceptions of iconic characters and the value of species. The ISS was developed and tested across two species (sea turtles/live oaks) and two participant types (residents/tourists) (N = 457) to assess scale reliability and validity. Following scale development approaches, the ISS was refined and verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Statistical measures confirmed a two-factor structure and measurement equality across the case species and participant groups. While further testing across cultural and species contexts is recommended, the ISS is presented as a reliable and valid scale to gauge the iconicity of species across various stakeholders. As certain species are often the face of conservation efforts, iconic species are a particularly important aspect of stakeholder support and paramount to building political support for environmental management.
摘要尽管“标志性物种”在整个环境话语中都被提及,但这一概念在保护研究中很少被运用。本研究提出了标志性物种量表(ISS)来评估对标志性人物的感知和物种的价值。ISS是在两个物种(海龟/活橡树)和两种参与者类型(居民/游客)(N = 457)来评估量表的可靠性和有效性。遵循量表开发方法,通过探索性和验证性因素分析对ISS进行了改进和验证。统计测量证实了病例物种和参与者群体之间的双因素结构和测量平等。虽然建议在文化和物种背景下进行进一步测试,但ISS被认为是一个可靠有效的量表,可以衡量不同利益相关者的物种象似性。由于某些物种往往是保护工作的代言人,标志性物种是利益相关者支持的一个特别重要的方面,对建立对环境管理的政治支持至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Political Macroenvironments & Cultural Information Protection: The Challenge of Communication in Native American Environmental and Natural Resource Management 政治宏观环境与文化信息保护:美洲原住民环境与自然资源管理中沟通的挑战
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2113846
Ryan N. Comfort
Abstract Indigenous environmental and natural resource management agencies face the complex task of communicating science, policy, and practice to a wide array of publics and stakeholders, yet the communication strategies and challenges of this set of professionals have been overlooked in the literature. One theoretical model suggests that public sector employees make communication decisions based on different factors than their private organization counterparts. The current study presents results from a survey of natural resource managers and other environmental professionals working for Native American Nations in the United States. Results show that the political relationships among Native Nations, states, and federal agencies may create a complex political macroenvironment within which communicators must carefully operate. Concerns about protecting cultural information carry significant weight in the communication decision-making process of these organizations and present a key factor influencing communication decision-making. Implications for models of government communication are discussed.
土著环境和自然资源管理机构面临着向广泛的公众和利益相关者传播科学、政策和实践的复杂任务,然而,这组专业人员的传播策略和挑战在文献中被忽视了。一个理论模型表明,公共部门的员工与私营部门的员工做出沟通决策时基于不同的因素。目前的研究提出了一项调查结果,调查对象是为美国土著民族工作的自然资源管理人员和其他环境专业人员。结果表明,土著民族、各州和联邦机构之间的政治关系可能会创造一个复杂的政治宏观环境,传播者必须谨慎地在其中运作。对文化信息保护的关注在这些组织的传播决策过程中占有重要地位,是影响传播决策的关键因素。讨论了政府沟通模型的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling Spatial Patterns of Exposure and Risk Perception to Air Pollution: A Case Study in Chilean Patagonia 揭示空气污染暴露和风险感知的空间模式:以智利巴塔哥尼亚为例
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2113007
Á. Boso, Sebastián Ibarra, Luis Gómez, Boris Álvarez, Claudio Herranz, M. Somos-Valenzuela, Jaime Garrido
Abstract Wood smoke pollution has emerged as a major public health issue in southern Chile. This paper endeavors to find evidence of environmental inequity by looking into the spatial associations between sociodemographic characteristics, exposures, and risk perception to air pollution. We integrate primary georeferenced survey data with estimates of excess outdoor exposure to wood smoke in Coyhaique, one of the most polluted cities in Latin America. Our findings reveal that certain social groups are disproportionately exposed to PM2.5. People of low-socioeconomic status, living in households with older adults and users of wood-burning stoves tend to spend more days per year with unhealthy air pollution levels. The results yield a modest but statistically significant relationship between PM2.5 levels and risk perception. Sociodemographic factors are also important predictors of air pollution risk perception. We discuss the implications in terms of environmental injustice patterns and public awareness campaigns.
摘要木材烟雾污染已成为智利南部的一个主要公共卫生问题。本文试图通过研究社会人口特征、暴露程度和对空气污染的风险感知之间的空间关联来寻找环境不平等的证据。我们将主要的地理参考调查数据与拉丁美洲污染最严重的城市之一Coyhaique户外过度暴露于木烟的估计值相结合。我们的研究结果表明,某些社会群体不成比例地暴露在PM2.5中。社会经济地位低的人,与老年人住在一起的家庭,以及使用燃木炉的人,每年往往会有更多的时间处于不健康的空气污染水平。研究结果表明,PM2.5水平与风险感知之间存在适度但具有统计学意义的关系。社会地理因素也是空气污染风险感知的重要预测因素。我们讨论了环境不公正模式和公众意识运动的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Climate Change Consciousness: An Exploratory Study on Farmers’ Climate Change Beliefs and Adaptation Measures 气候变化意识:农民气候变化信念与适应措施的探索性研究
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2113006
R. Petrescu-Mag, D. Petrescu, H. Azadi
Abstract Individual responsibility and the development of “green virtues” are a rich field of exploration within the topic of climate change. However, despite the growing number of research dedicated to climate change, there is room for a better understanding of what climate change consciousness is. In this regard, the paper attempts to define climate change consciousness. There is a need to integrate climate change-related concerns into consciousness to understand this concept, which involves a radical transformation. For this, Romanian farmers’ level of climate change consciousness was assessed considering three layers: affective, cognitive, and conative. The “Introduction of new crops (not GMOs)” was the climate change adaptation measure adopted by most farmers. The variables that predicted the implementation of climate change adaptation measures were identified using regression analyses. The good prediction power of the moral values associated with different adaptation actions is an evidence of Romanian farmers’ climate change consciousness.
摘要个人责任和“绿色美德”的发展是气候变化主题中丰富的探索领域。然而,尽管致力于气候变化的研究越来越多,但对什么是气候变化意识还有更好的理解空间。在这方面,本文试图定义气候变化意识。有必要将与气候变化相关的关切纳入意识,以理解这一概念,这涉及到彻底的转变。为此,罗马尼亚农民的气候变化意识水平从情感、认知和认知三个层面进行了评估。“引进新作物(而非转基因生物)”是大多数农民采取的适应气候变化的措施。使用回归分析确定了预测气候变化适应措施执行情况的变量。与不同的适应行动相关的道德价值观的良好预测力是罗马尼亚农民气候变化意识的证据。
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引用次数: 1
Navigating the Space between Policy and Practice: Toward a Typology of Collaborators in a Federal Land Management Agency 在政策和实践之间导航:走向联邦土地管理局合作者的类型
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2109086
N. Burkardt, Rebecca E. W. Thomas
Abstract Navigating the space between policy and on-the-ground natural resource management presents unique challenges. We interviewed 22 U.S. Bureau of Land Management Field Office Managers to understand their perceptions toward, and applications of, collaboration with public and private stakeholders. Interviews were transcribed and open-coded using qualitative data analysis software. Then, each interview was represented visually using the MaxQDA MaxMaps feature. We deductively coded each visual model and created a typology based on a mix of salient traits exhibited by each group. Differences emerged in each group’s approach to teaching and learning; communication style; attitude toward collaboration; attention to relational and substantive outcomes; and the ability to create space within the agency mission to achieve mutually beneficial goals. Findings can help agencies navigate the challenges associated with aligning agency directives with on-the-ground realities in different contexts when collaborators exhibit different traits.
在政策和实地自然资源管理之间导航是一项独特的挑战。我们采访了22位 美国土地管理局外地办事处经理了解他们对与公共和私人利益相关者合作的看法和应用。使用定性数据分析软件对访谈进行转录和开放编码。然后,每个访谈都使用MaxQDA MaxMaps功能进行可视化表示。我们对每个视觉模型进行了演绎编码,并根据每组表现出的显著特征组合创建了一个类型学。每个小组的教学方法出现了差异;沟通风格;合作态度;关注关系和实质性成果;以及在机构任务范围内创造空间以实现互利目标的能力。当合作者表现出不同的特征时,调查结果可以帮助各机构应对与在不同背景下使机构指令与实地现实相一致的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Community-Based Conservation of the Ngao River in Thailand: A Networked Story of Success 基于社区的泰国怒江保护:一个成功的网络故事
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2109087
Peter Duker, Santi Klanarongchao
Abstract In the Ngao River basin of Northern Thailand, over 50 ethnic Karen communities practice successful riverine community-based conservation (CBC) programs. While institutional approaches provide insights for conservation successes, critical approaches are needed to understand the context that partially determines communities’ actions. Thus, drawing on political ecology and using a rooted networks framework to investigate the introduction and management of these programs, the first author, a North America-based researcher, remotely collaborated with the second, a local community researcher, to conduct qualitative fieldwork to understand the conditions and connections that shape and constrain communities. We found that networked relations with outsiders threatened food security and self-determination, and enabled opportunities to respond to these threats through river conservation. “Rooted” relations with the environment allowed communities to recognize the positive impacts of conservation. Understanding situated and entangled relationships within complex networks enables opportunities to support CBC programs that meet conservation and development goals.
摘要在泰国北部的Ngao河流域,50多个克伦族社区实施了成功的河流社区保护计划。虽然制度方法为保护成功提供了见解,但需要关键方法来理解部分决定社区行动的背景。因此,第一作者是一名北美研究人员,他利用政治生态学并使用扎根网络框架来调查这些项目的引入和管理,与第二作者是当地社区研究人员远程合作,进行定性实地调查,以了解塑造和约束社区的条件和联系。我们发现,与外来者的网络关系威胁到粮食安全和自决,并使人们有机会通过河流保护来应对这些威胁。与环境的“扎根”关系使社区认识到保护的积极影响。了解复杂网络中的位置关系和纠缠关系,有机会支持CBC项目,以实现保护和发展目标。
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引用次数: 1
Climate Change SOS: Addressing Climate Impacts within a Climate Change Spiral of Silence 气候变化SOS:在沉默的气候变化螺旋中应对气候影响
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2102702
R. Gurney, R. Dunlap, B. Caniglia
Abstract This study uncovers the dynamics that exist among key government officials working to address impacts of climate variability and change within a hostile socio-political setting. Through qualitative analysis of interviews with Oklahoma government officials, this study finds evidence of a climate change spiral of silence impacting key government decision-making processes through the suppression of climate change discourse and science. We argue that settings hostile toward climate action (where there is pervasive skepticism/denial of anthropogenic climate change and opposition to climate mitigations/adaptation policies) are primed for normative dynamics that reinforce a climate change spiral of silence.
摘要:本研究揭示了在敌对的社会政治环境中,主要政府官员在应对气候变率和变化影响方面存在的动态。通过对俄克拉荷马州政府官员访谈的定性分析,本研究发现了气候变化沉默螺旋通过抑制气候变化话语和科学影响关键政府决策过程的证据。我们认为,对气候行动怀有敌意的环境(普遍存在对人为气候变化的怀疑/否认和对气候减缓/适应政策的反对)为加强气候变化沉默螺旋的规范动态做好了准备。
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引用次数: 0
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Society & Natural Resources
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