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Environmental Management of Coal Mining Areas in Indonesia: The Complexity of Supervision 印尼煤矿区环境管理:监管的复杂性
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2023.2180818
M. Nasir, L. Bakker, T. van Meijl
Abstract This article examines the complexity of supervising the environmental management of coal mining operations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found that the current cross-sectoral and multi-level arrangement of mining supervision leads to uncertain regulations on supervising the environmental management of coal mining operations. This study also shows that incomplete provisions lead to a legal vacuum at the implementation level. Inconsistent, ambiguous, and vague norms cause uncertainty and different understandings of performing supervision of environmental management in coal mining areas. Moreover, supervisors are limited by a lack of capacity, funding, and personnel. Mining and environmental inspectors tend not to follow up on environmental damage if permit holders assure them of their intentions to address such issues. We conclude that mining permit holders benefit most from this situation, while local populations and the environment are most at risk of being negatively affected.
摘要本文考察了监督环境管理的复杂性,在东加里曼丹,印度尼西亚的煤炭开采业务。研究发现,目前煤矿监管跨部门、多层次的安排,导致煤矿环境管理监管法规不确定。这项研究还表明,不完整的规定导致了执行层面的法律真空。规范的不一致性、模糊性和模糊性导致了对煤矿区环境管理实施监督的不确定性和认识的不统一。此外,监管人员还受到能力、资金和人员不足的限制。如果许可证持有人向采矿和环境视察员保证有意处理这些问题,他们往往不会对环境损害采取后续行动。我们的结论是,采矿许可证持有人从这种情况中受益最大,而当地人口和环境受到负面影响的风险最大。
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引用次数: 1
Mismatched Property Rights and Natural Resource Use: A Case Study of Grassland Resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 产权错配与资源利用——以青藏高原草原资源为例
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2023.2183534
Ye Qi
Abstract Over the past few decades, there has been considerable discussion about Hardin’s tragedy of the commons in natural resource management literature. Although the privatization of property rights can alleviate the tragedy, the land fragmentation caused by privatization can impair the sustainable use of natural resources, resulting in mismatched property rights. This study used the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s grassland resources to analyze the causes, consequences, and possible solutions of the property rights mismatches. Our findings support that if property rights systems of natural resources mismatch the characteristics of resources, or their bundles of rights do not reflect the complementary with other resources, property rights mismatches will occur. Our findings further reveal that the privatization of property rights based on the spatial boundaries of the resource system will strengthen the spatial exclusivity of resource use, resulting in property rights mismatches, while the mixed property rights can achieve matching with the characteristics of the resource system and resource units.
摘要在过去的几十年里,自然资源管理文献中对哈丁的公地悲剧进行了大量的讨论。虽然产权私有化可以缓解这一悲剧,但私有化造成的土地碎片化会损害自然资源的可持续利用,导致产权不匹配。本文以青藏高原草原资源为研究对象,分析了产权错配的原因、后果和可能的解决方案。研究结果表明,如果自然资源的产权制度与资源的特性不匹配,或者其权利束不反映与其他资源的互补性,就会发生产权错配。基于资源系统空间边界的产权私有化会强化资源使用的空间排他性,导致产权失配,而混合产权则可以实现与资源系统和资源单元特征的匹配。
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引用次数: 0
Linking Tourism and Conservation on Privately Owned Natural Areas: A Systematic Review of English-Language Literature 将旅游业与自然保护区私有化联系起来——对英语文学的系统回顾
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2161029
Nora Müller, J. Rathgens, R. Fletcher, S. Hilser
Abstract Private engagement has always been central to biodiversity conservation. Recently, the role of private enterprises in (eco)tourism have increased, and private lands play a pivotal role in expanding protected areas within societies throughout the world. This paper contributes to discussions of private engagement in conservation and its relation to tourism (recreation generally), with novel insight on how the conservation-tourism nexus on private land is approached in different geographical contexts. We present a systematic literature review that results in five thematic clusters characterized by different conservation approaches to tourism in Global North and South. Research concerning Global South tends to emphasize (eco)tourism as a main inducement for conservation, while research concerning Global North emphasizes expansion of private protected areas where access for tourist-recreational use has to be compensated. We propose a future research agenda to exploring environmentally and socially just approaches to conservation and recreation in both Global North and South.
摘要私人参与一直是生物多样性保护的核心。最近,私营企业在(生态)旅游业中的作用有所增强,私人土地在扩大世界各地社会的保护区方面发挥着关键作用。本文有助于讨论私人参与保护及其与旅游业(一般是娱乐业)的关系,对如何在不同的地理背景下处理私人土地上的保护与旅游关系有了新的见解。我们提出了一个系统的文献综述,得出了五个主题集群,其特点是全球北方和南方旅游业的不同保护方法。关于全球南方的研究往往强调(生态)旅游是保护的主要诱因,而关于全球北方的研究则强调扩大私人保护区,在那里,旅游娱乐用途必须得到补偿。我们提出了一个未来的研究议程,以探索全球北方和南方保护和娱乐的环境和社会公正方法。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Social Capital Studies Related to Community-Based Forest Management in Asian Countries: A Review 亚洲国家社区森林管理相关社会资本评估研究综述
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2023.2169973
M. Toda, H. Hashiguchi, M. Hiratsuka
Abstract The aim of this study is to identify trends in social capital-focused studies on community-based forest management and collective actions related to forests (collectively CBFM) and how social capital affects forest management by reviewing studies on this topic in Asian developing countries. We found an increased number of studies over the last decade using various approaches in terms of social capital positioning, types of structural social capital, and analysis methods. Four main social capital positionings were identified in their research designs: (a) as features found in communities; (b) as a factor influencing CBFM; (c) as an effect of CBFM; and (d) as an agent in a dynamic process involving CBFM. The studies we reviewed did not extend to assessing forest conditions. Given the contextual nature of social capital, integrative approaches combining qualitative and quantitative techniques with assessment of forest conditions present challenges in relation to social capital studies on CBFM.
本研究的目的是通过回顾亚洲发展中国家有关社区森林管理和森林集体行动的研究,确定以社会资本为重点的社区森林管理和森林集体行动研究的趋势,以及社会资本如何影响森林管理。我们发现,在过去十年中,在社会资本定位、结构性社会资本类型和分析方法方面,使用各种方法的研究数量有所增加。在他们的研究设计中确定了四种主要的社会资本定位:(a)在社区中发现的特征;(b)作为影响CBFM的因素;(c)作为CBFM的影响;(d)作为涉及CBFM的动态过程的代理人。我们审查的研究没有扩展到评估森林状况。考虑到社会资本的背景性质,将定性和定量技术与森林条件评估相结合的综合方法对CBFM的社会资本研究提出了挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding Urban Tree Species Diversity in Florida (USA): Challenges and Opportunities for Practitioners 在佛罗里达州(美国)扩大城市树种多样性:从业者的挑战和机遇
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2023.2175285
Deborah R. Hilbert, Andrew K. Koeser, Michael Andreu, Mysha Clarke, Gail Hansen, Lara A. Roman, Mack Thetford
Abstract While many practitioners and scholars understand the risks associated with low urban tree diversity, they often lack the ability to rectify this challenge on their own. The complex system of tree production and procurement is shaped by market pressures, nursery and site constraints, local governance, and differing professional objectives among those who grow, specify, and plant trees. To understand constraints to and opportunities for increasing urban tree diversity, we conducted a series of focus groups comprised of nursery growers, landscape architects, and municipal tree managers. Our results highlight a significant list of considerations and constraints to diversity, with some issues shared among green industries and some specific to growers or purchasers. In light of our findings, we outline actionable strategies for increasing urban tree diversity.
摘要尽管许多从业者和学者了解城市树木多样性低的风险,但他们往往缺乏独自应对这一挑战的能力。复杂的树木生产和采购系统是由市场压力、苗圃和场地限制、地方治理以及种植、指定和种植树木的人之间不同的专业目标形成的。为了了解增加城市树木多样性的制约因素和机会,我们组织了一系列由苗圃种植者、景观设计师和市政树木管理者组成的焦点小组。我们的研究结果突出了对多样性的一系列重要考虑和限制,其中一些问题在绿色产业中是共同的,一些问题是种植者或购买者特有的。根据我们的发现,我们概述了增加城市树木多样性的可行策略。
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引用次数: 1
How Endogenous Cultural Institutions May (Not) Shape Farmers’ Climate Adaptation Practices: Learning from Rural Cameroon 内生文化制度如何(而非)塑造农民的气候适应实践:从喀麦隆农村学习
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2023.2175283
J. N. Kimengsi, Magdalene Silberberger
Abstract Climate change is high on the science and policy agenda of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), requiring context-specific adaptation. Studies on endogenous cultural institutions (ECIs) in climate adaptation are fragmented, impeding policy orientation. This suggests the need for complementary evidence on ECIs to inform adaptation practice. Through a sample of 158 households in rural Cameroon, we contribute to bridge this gap, by: (1) exploring socio-political factors shaping peasant farmers’ compliance with agro-based ECIs, and (2) estimating the effect of ECI compliance on farmers’ adaptation practices. Our estimation revealed the following: While political factors do not sufficiently explain compliance, state influence, mirrored through the application of formal rules negatively affects ECI compliance. Traditional rain forecast significantly explains climate adaptation; however, the pouring of libation does not. The age of peasant farmers also positively affects compliance with ECIs. We conclude that compliance with ECIs manifest in climate adaptation in varying proportions.
摘要气候变化是撒哈拉以南非洲科学和政策议程上的重要内容,需要根据具体情况进行适应。对气候适应中的内生文化机构的研究是零散的,阻碍了政策导向。这表明,需要有关于ECI的补充证据来为适应实践提供信息。通过对喀麦隆农村158户家庭的抽样调查,我们通过以下方式弥补了这一差距:(1)探索影响农民遵守基于农业的ECI的社会政治因素,以及(2)估计遵守ECI对农民适应实践的影响。我们的估计揭示了以下几点:虽然政治因素不能充分解释合规性,但通过正式规则的应用反映出来的国家影响对ECI合规性产生了负面影响。传统的降雨预报在很大程度上解释了气候适应;然而,浇libation却没有。农民的年龄也对遵守ECI产生积极影响。我们得出的结论是,遵守ECI在气候适应方面表现出不同的比例。
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引用次数: 1
Conference of the Parties Meetings as Regularly Scheduled Critical Events for Global Climate Governance: Reflecting on COP 26 and the Glasgow Climate Pact 作为全球气候治理定期重要事件的缔约方大会:对第26次缔约方会议和《格拉斯哥气候公约》的反思
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2023.2175284
Mark C. J. Stoddart, D. Tindall, M. Brockhaus, Marlene Kammerer
Abstract In this commentary, we reflect on COP26, its outcomes, and the UNFCCC processes. While the value and results of COP meetings are often contested by researchers and activists, we highlight three areas that deserve more attention in post-COP assessments. First, the COP process creates an arena where state leaders, researchers, climate activists, and private actors regularly meet, which facilitates cooperation over time. Second, COP meetings are sites of parallel multi-level games that often result in bilateral or multilateral side agreements or initiatives. Third, COP meetings are regularly scheduled critical events, where social movements and civil society actors shape the public discourse around climate change. Our brief analysis illustrates there is still an urgent need for COP meetings as spaces that provide transparency for global climate governance, as well as media and public visibility for civil society voices, which would otherwise be lost.
在这篇评论中,我们对COP26、其成果和UNFCCC进程进行了反思。虽然缔约方会议的价值和结果经常受到研究人员和活动人士的质疑,但我们强调了在缔约方会议后的评估中值得更多关注的三个领域。首先,缔约方会议进程为国家领导人、研究人员、气候活动人士和私人行动者定期会面创造了一个舞台,促进了长期的合作。其次,缔约方会议是平行多层次博弈的场所,通常会产生双边或多边的侧面协议或倡议。第三,缔约方会议是定期安排的重要活动,社会运动和民间社会行动者在会上塑造围绕气候变化的公共话语。我们的简要分析表明,仍然迫切需要将缔约方会议作为为全球气候治理提供透明度的空间,以及为公民社会的声音提供媒体和公众知名度的空间,否则这些空间将会丢失。
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引用次数: 1
Urban Communities for Transition toward Sustainable Behavior in the Context of Authoritarianism: Analysis of Non-Profit Community-Based Organizations in Budapest, Hungary 威权主义背景下向可持续行为过渡的城市社区:对匈牙利布达佩斯非营利社区组织的分析
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2023.2175282
Ágnes Neulinger, Gabriella Kiss, Tamás Veress
Abstract Communities can play an important role in the transition toward sustainable living; however, a meso perspective bridging individual behavior and social context has rarely been applied. To address this issue, our study introduces the broad landscape of nonprofit community-based organizations as meso-level entities whose activities relate in one way or another to sustainability. Through an exploratory study relying on in-depth interviews, we examine the meaning of community and the role of sustainability in the operation of these communities. The emergence of a new authoritarianism in Hungary gives a special context for the study and enables identification of the characteristics of urban communities from “illiberal democracy.” The findings indicate the presence of five different types of community-based organizations with sustainability-related activities. We argue for the analytical usefulness of a meso-level perspective and for the importance of researching how community-based organizations help individuals in transition to a more sustainable lifestyle.
社区可以在向可持续生活的过渡中发挥重要作用;然而,连接个体行为和社会背景的中观观点很少被应用。为了解决这个问题,我们的研究将非营利社区组织作为中观层面的实体,其活动以这样或那样的方式与可持续性相关。通过深度访谈的探索性研究,我们考察了社区的意义和可持续性在这些社区运作中的作用。匈牙利新威权主义的出现为这项研究提供了一个特殊的背景,使人们能够从“非自由民主”中识别城市社区的特征。调查结果表明,有五种不同类型的社区组织开展与可持续性有关的活动。我们论证了中观视角的分析有用性,以及研究社区组织如何帮助个人过渡到更可持续的生活方式的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Social Constructions of Health-Environment Risks: A Comparison of Fishing Community and Expert Perceptions of Cyanobacterial Blooms 健康环境风险的社会建构:渔业社区与专家对蓝藻华认知的比较
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2135151
Clara Secaira Ziegler, A. Roegner, C. Aura, K. Fiorella
Abstract Cyanobacterial blooms are expanding around the globe in frequency and intensity. Using cultural models to unravel local meanings, this study explores how stakeholders (fishers, aquaculturalists, and regional experts) from the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria understand cyanobacterial blooms and their impact on human health. The study also examines resource user and expert perceptions of how these blooms have impacted the livelihoods of fishers and aquaculturalists, and how regional experts have responded. Semi-structured interviews (35 total; fishers and aquaculturalists [25], experts [10]) were used to describe cultural models used by different groups. Multiple perceptions of cyanobacterial blooms and their impact on human health emerged, influenced by the social locations of study participants. With the burden of environmental degradation unequally allocated because of dynamic social constructs, these findings reveal the importance of improving the flow of information between those involved in the design and implementation of policies and those impacted by them.
蓝藻华在全球范围内的频率和强度正在扩大。本研究利用文化模型来揭示当地意义,探讨了维多利亚湖尼扬扎湾的利益相关者(渔民、水产养殖者和区域专家)如何理解蓝藻繁殖及其对人类健康的影响。该研究还考察了资源使用者和专家对这些水华如何影响渔民和水产养殖者生计的看法,以及区域专家如何应对。半结构化访谈(共35个;渔民和水产养殖者b[25],专家b[10])被用来描述不同群体使用的文化模式。受研究参与者社会位置的影响,出现了对蓝藻华及其对人类健康影响的多种看法。由于动态的社会结构导致环境退化的负担分配不均,这些研究结果揭示了改善参与政策设计和执行者与受政策影响者之间的信息流动的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Supporting Women Landowners in Wetland Conservation 支持女土地所有者保护湿地
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2022.2158255
Angie Carter, R. Christoffel
Abstract Wetlands are important to soil health and water quality improvements needed to meet conservation goals in the Upper Mississippi River Basin and landowners are essential partners in their conservation. We surveyed Iowa agricultural landowners to (1) identify their experiences and beliefs regarding wetlands as a conservation practice and (2) identify barriers and opportunities to landowners in engaging in wetland conservation. We analyze if respondents are likely to conserve or restore wetlands and identify motivating factors for action or inaction. A lack of experience with and misinformation about wetlands, coupled with a lack of access to needed conservation knowledge networks, limits conservation action for women landowners, no matter their age cohort. We identify strategies for improving outreach and knowledge access among these landowners. Our analysis contributes important information about the influence of gender and social networks upon wetland conservation to the growing literature regarding landowners’, and specifically women landowners’, conservation decision-making.
湿地对实现上游密西西比河流域的土壤健康和水质改善至关重要,土地所有者是湿地保护的重要合作伙伴。我们调查了爱荷华州的农业土地所有者,以(1)确定他们将湿地作为保护实践的经验和信念;(2)确定土地所有者参与湿地保护的障碍和机会。我们分析受访者是否有可能保护或恢复湿地,并确定行动或不作为的激励因素。缺乏湿地经验和关于湿地的错误信息,再加上缺乏获得所需的保护知识网络的途径,限制了女性土地所有者的保护行动,无论她们的年龄是多少。我们确定了改善这些土地所有者之间的外联和知识获取的战略。我们的分析为越来越多的关于土地所有者(特别是女性土地所有者)保护决策的文献提供了关于性别和社会网络对湿地保护影响的重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
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