Health Education Research最新文献

Children's perception of health is shaped by various socio-economic and family contexts. Schools represent a key setting for health promotion, and peer health education is increasingly recognised as an effective strategy. This study aimed to examine peer health education programmes in elementary schools, focusing on implementation, facilitating factors, barriers, and effects. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with The Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. Five databases were searched. Studies involving children aged 6-12 as recipients and peer educators aged 6-15 were included. Although the literature specifically targeting this age group is limited, 10 studies could be analysed. Out of 149 articles were identified, 10 studies were retained. Peer education took two forms: same-age education and inter-age education. Topics included nutrition, hygiene, and physical activity. The included studies reported positive trends in participants' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. The involvement of the pupils and the integration of the interventions into the school curriculum were facilitating factors. Time constraints and the need for ongoing support were obstacles. Understanding the mechanisms of peer education is essential. Further research may inform the design and evaluation of future interventions and guide public policy.

This study investigated how fear, disgust, anger, and sympathy relate to the effectiveness of pictorial warning labels (PWLs) designed to communicate alcohol-related cancer risks. We recruited two samples: (1) an online panel of moderate and heavy drinkers (aged 21-84), and (2) college student drinkers (aged 18-28). Participants were randomly assigned to view either three narrative PWLs depicting lived experiences or three non-narrative PWLs showing diseased organs. Across both samples, narrative PWLs elicited lower levels of anger and disgust and higher levels of sympathy than non-narrative PWLs. Narrative PWLs also generated less fear than non-narrative PWLs among the online panel participants, but not among college student drinkers. Moreover, in the online panel sample, narrative PWLs decreased intentions to reduce and stop drinking due to lower fear, but simultaneously increased intentions to reduce drinking due to a decrease in anger and an increase in sympathy. Among college students, narrative PWLs promoted intentions to reduce and stop drinking only through greater sympathy. These findings highlight sympathy as a key emotional pathway for promoting behavioural change. In designing cancer warning labels for alcohol, communicators should consider avoiding appeals that provoke disgust or anger and instead use narrative approaches to evoke sympathetic responses in consumers.

Digital behaviour change interventions delivered through web-adaptive platforms offer novel pathways for tobacco control in youth. However, the longitudinal efficacy of tailored online cessation tools remains underexplored. This meta-analysis evaluates the comparative effectiveness of dynamically tailored web interventions versus passive controls in youth smokers. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched six databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS, and CINAHL) through January 2024. Seven randomized controlled trials (n = 5660) assessing adaptive web platforms for smokers aged 10-30 years were included, with methodological rigour assessed via Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. Adaptive interventions significantly improved self-reported abstinence versus controls [risk ratio (RR) = 2.19, 95% CI 1.48-3.24]. Efficacy varied by follow-up stage: 1-2-month RR = 1.56 (1.28-1.90), 2-3-month RR = 2.24 (1.64-3.07), 4-6-month RR = 1.62 (0.96-2.74), and 7-24-month RR = 1.54 (1.12-2.11). Biochemical validation data from three trials showed null effects (RR = 0.05, -0.09 to 0.18), revealing measurement discordance. Web-based adaptive tools demonstrate short-term efficacy in youth smoking cessation, yet require integration with objective verification protocols. Future implementations should prioritize real-world engagement metrics and standardized outcome reporting.

Women on the US-Mexico border have a higher cervical cancer incidence rate, are diagnosed at later stages, and have higher mortality compared to non-Border women in the US. We identified key barriers to screening through various qualitative methods and have designed a program that addresses the needs of our community and creates a coordinated program of education, outreach, service delivery, navigation, and capacity building for the future. A multicomponent, culturally tailored, bilingual, evidence-based cervical cancer screening program was developed at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso (TTUHSC El Paso). The program was implemented in El Paso and Hudspeth counties. Key program components were (i) theory-based and culturally tailored education delivered by bilingual community health workers; (ii) no-cost Pap and HPV screening; (iii) diagnostic and treatment colposcopy; and (iv) patient navigation and tracking. A total of 2318 women were recruited into the program and offered services. 2206 women were eligible for screening: mean age of the population was 44.8 years, 4.7% (N = 108) had never had a Pap smear, and 40.9% (N = 945) last received a Pap over 5 years previously. Screening uptake was 71.6% (N = 1 569); 7.8% (N = 114) of those tested were positive for high-risk HPV. 101 colposcopies were indicated and 98.0% (N = 99) were completed. Two cancers were diagnosed. A comprehensive cervical cancer screening program can achieve significant screening uptake rates in a high-risk population with historically low screening uptake and has the potential to significantly impact cervical cancer incidence and mortality in this border region.

This study identified barriers to and facilitators of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adolescent boys and their parents in high-income countries using a social-ecological model (SEM) to inform future health education strategies. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, Arksey and O'Malley's framework, and Levac's recommendations. Six databases were searched in March and December 2024, with Covidence used for screening. The identified factors were categorized into four levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and policy. A total of 78 studies were included. Amongst these, 54 facilitators and 120 barriers were identified. Common facilitators included health protection for individuals and their future partners, whilst key barriers were concerns regarding vaccine safety and side effects. Perceptions of risks and benefits emerged as central themes in both categories. Most reported factors were at the intrapersonal (n = 75, 96.2%) and interpersonal (n = 52, 66.7%) levels, with found at the community (n = 27, 38.5%) and policy (n = 28, 35.9%) levels. It is important to emphasize the safety and significance of the HPV vaccine, which should be provided through tailored health education programmes in schools or clinics. This review suggests that future education studies should comprise each domain of the SEM to successfully implement HPV vaccination in adolescent boys. Registration: Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AWRX6).

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a period of uncertainty, inevitably affecting people's mental health, with a disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations, such as migrants and refugees. To understand what could either mitigate or protect these outcomes, this study explored strategies that refugees and migrants used to cope with the pandemic and its mental health impact. The responses of N = 16 910 refugees and migrants from the worldwide ApartTogether survey were analysed using descriptive analysis and structural equation modelling. Findings indicate that most coping strategies were, either positively or negatively, associated with refugees' and migrants' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping strategies such as 'activating myself' and 'thinking something good will come from this' were associated with better mental health outcomes. Important differences between subgroups were found in the number and type of coping strategies, including displaying a higher number of coping strategies by older and female participants, while refugees and migrants living in precarious situations (e.g. being undocumented or living on street) identified less. This increased understanding of refugees' and migrants' differentiated coping behaviours creates avenues for more targeted interventions to support these groups in dealing with future stressful, widespread situations.

Cultural competence is widely recognized as a core component of equity in healthcare. However, little is known about how healthcare professionals in Greece, a frontline country for displaced populations, develop and implement cultural competence in refugee healthcare. This study explores the experiences, training needs, challenges, and strategies of Greek healthcare professionals for delivering culturally competent care to refugees and asylum seekers. Twelve healthcare professionals from various Greek healthcare settings participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis within an interpretive description framework, appropriate for applied health research. Three themes were developed: (i) developing cultural competence through cross-cultural engagement; (ii) finding a balance: dilemmas and complexity in refugee healthcare; and (iii) caring in isolation: refugee care in unsupportive environments. Systemic constraints and patient-provider challenges limited participants' efforts, despite their demonstrated adaptability and commitment, which sometimes resulted in emotional exhaustion or disengagement. Findings highlight the need for multilevel interventions, combining structural competence, advocacy, and reflective supervision, to support uninterrupted, culturally responsive care and promote healthcare providers' well-being.

This mixed-methods study describes the development and pilot testing of AccessKCTeen, an intervention to improve sexual and reproductive health (SRH) access for marginalized youth. Community discussions guided development of an intervention featuring SRH outreach events to disseminate information, share resources, and connect teens to care via telemedicine and mobile health clinics. During eight outreach events, we recruited adolescent participants for baseline assessments (demographics, event satisfaction, and trust in the medical profession) and one-month follow-up (trust and SRH utilization). We documented feedback on SRH resources (e.g. condoms), telemedicine, and mobile care with field notes. Among 96 participants (46% Black; 23% Hispanic; 23% gender minority; 50% sexual minority), most were 'very' (76%) or 'somewhat' (9%) satisfied with the event; 15% were 'neutral'. At baseline, trust was moderate (16.4 ± 2.7; scale range 5-25). Many accepted SRH items for future use. Field notes documented adolescent comments regarding telemedicine as safe, private, and convenient, and the mobile clinic as private and trustworthy. At follow-up, 20% obtained healthcare; trust was 17.2 ± 2.8. Our findings indicate that a community-integrated, multi-component intervention is acceptable to adolescents and warrants further evaluation of its impact on SRH outcomes.

This single-blind, randomized controlled experimental study evaluated the effects of Mindfulness-Based Compassionate Living (MBCL) practice on stress, self-efficacy, and quality of life of patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) in an outpatient clinic in Türkiye. A total of 67 HD patients were allocated to the experimental (n = 34) or control group (n = 33). The experimental group received a MBCL training intervention for 30 min twice a week for 8 weeks during their HD sessions. The control group underwent HD as usual. Data were collected before and after the intervention using Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Life Index-Dialysis III, Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Between the pretest and posttest, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in stress scores and increases in quality of life, self-compassion, and mindful awareness scores (P < .05). There were no intergroup differences in pretest scores, whereas significant differences in stress, quality of life, self-compassion, and mindful awareness scores were observed in the posttest (P < .05). Self-efficacy scores did not differ significantly within or between the groups (P > .05). MBCL practice appears to be effective in reducing stress and increasing quality of life, self-compassion, and mindful awareness in people undergoing HD in outpatient settings.