Abstract Drawing on Walter Benjamin, this paper discusses the relationships between law, violence, and punishment. The main argument I make is that state punishment is BOTH a violent and logically contradictory practice and that the state’s legal right to punish often spills over into extralegal penal violence, perpetrated by a range of actors against the racialized poor. I use the term penal violence to refer to all forms of violence which are aimed at enforcing law or punishing a perceived transgression of law or norms. The paper focuses on the infliction of penal violence in South Africa on/in three different scales and jurisdictions: Makwanyane and violence in prisons; police and prosecutorial violence; and extralegal civilian violence.
{"title":"Porous Penality and the Myth of Liberal Punishment: Lessons from South Africa","authors":"Gail Super","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing on Walter Benjamin, this paper discusses the relationships between law, violence, and punishment. The main argument I make is that state punishment is BOTH a violent and logically contradictory practice and that the state’s legal right to punish often spills over into extralegal penal violence, perpetrated by a range of actors against the racialized poor. I use the term penal violence to refer to all forms of violence which are aimed at enforcing law or punishing a perceived transgression of law or norms. The paper focuses on the infliction of penal violence in South Africa on/in three different scales and jurisdictions: Makwanyane and violence in prisons; police and prosecutorial violence; and extralegal civilian violence.","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Paid employment in the criminal economy is, in many ways, the essence of precarious labour yet to date criminological work on the so-called ‘gig economy’ is scarce. Here we apply emergent sociological literature on ‘post-Fordist’ working cultures to precarious youth employment in Hong Kong, arguing: (1) recent reorganizations of labour markets towards flexible entrepreneurship are mirrored in the illicit economy; (2) a shift in structural features of triad gangs has led to a parallel form of ‘network sociality’; and (3) triad-affiliated youth remained rooted in place-based ‘communities of practice’ that form a point of difference from existing theory. In concluding, we reflect on the implications of these arguments for the study of illicit economies, triads and post-Fordist working cultures.
{"title":"Gangs and the Gig Economy: Triads, Precarity and Illicit Work in Hong Kong","authors":"Alistair Fraser, Karen Joe-Laidler","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Paid employment in the criminal economy is, in many ways, the essence of precarious labour yet to date criminological work on the so-called ‘gig economy’ is scarce. Here we apply emergent sociological literature on ‘post-Fordist’ working cultures to precarious youth employment in Hong Kong, arguing: (1) recent reorganizations of labour markets towards flexible entrepreneurship are mirrored in the illicit economy; (2) a shift in structural features of triad gangs has led to a parallel form of ‘network sociality’; and (3) triad-affiliated youth remained rooted in place-based ‘communities of practice’ that form a point of difference from existing theory. In concluding, we reflect on the implications of these arguments for the study of illicit economies, triads and post-Fordist working cultures.","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"30 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article The Radzinowicz Memorial Prize Get access The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 63, Issue 3, May 2023, Page 809, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad016 Published: 04 May 2023
{"title":"The Radzinowicz Memorial Prize","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad016","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article The Radzinowicz Memorial Prize Get access The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 63, Issue 3, May 2023, Page 809, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad016 Published: 04 May 2023","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136273013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
King and Willmott’s The Honest Politician’s Guide to Prisons and Probation seeks to provide ‘an authoritative account of the crisis which has gradually engulfed the prison and probation services since 1991’ (Preface). This book provides an interesting descriptive account of a period of much importance, drawing on interviews with all surviving Home Secretaries and Justice Secretaries of the period. Insights are also provided via interviews conducted with Director Generals of the Prison Service and Probation Service, Chief Inspectors of Prisons and Probation, and the four most recent Lord Chief Justices. The opening chapter provides a brief history of prisons and probation in England and Wales from 1990 to the present. Chapters 2–6 then provide an oral history of each political period (with chapter 6 providing views from Lord Chief Justices across the whole time span). Chapter 7 then provides a (slightly disconnected) ‘Agenda for Action’, in the spirit of Morris and Hawkins’ Honest Politician’s Guide to Crime Control (1970), which sets out a normative argument for a better criminal justice system. There is much for the intelligent general reader (the intended target of the book: p. 2) to enjoy.
{"title":"The Honest Politician’s Guide to Prisons and Probation. By Roy King and Lucy Willmott (Routledge, 2021, 274pp. £38.99 pbk)","authors":"Harry Annison","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad012","url":null,"abstract":"King and Willmott’s The Honest Politician’s Guide to Prisons and Probation seeks to provide ‘an authoritative account of the crisis which has gradually engulfed the prison and probation services since 1991’ (Preface). This book provides an interesting descriptive account of a period of much importance, drawing on interviews with all surviving Home Secretaries and Justice Secretaries of the period. Insights are also provided via interviews conducted with Director Generals of the Prison Service and Probation Service, Chief Inspectors of Prisons and Probation, and the four most recent Lord Chief Justices. The opening chapter provides a brief history of prisons and probation in England and Wales from 1990 to the present. Chapters 2–6 then provide an oral history of each political period (with chapter 6 providing views from Lord Chief Justices across the whole time span). Chapter 7 then provides a (slightly disconnected) ‘Agenda for Action’, in the spirit of Morris and Hawkins’ Honest Politician’s Guide to Crime Control (1970), which sets out a normative argument for a better criminal justice system. There is much for the intelligent general reader (the intended target of the book: p. 2) to enjoy.","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136091805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract While the militarization of space has been occurring since the 1950s, it was not considered a domain of fighting nor was it being fully weaponized until recently. Yet, there is a glaring absence of research on space weaponization or space environmental harms by criminologists. Here, using a retrospective approach we juxtapose the environmental harms from wars, military weapon development, maintenance and readiness on Earth and known harms that have occurred due to space expansionism and the space arms race. We then use a prospective approach to critically examine anticipated environmental harms of space weaponization. Our goal is to contribute to research in green criminology and to begin a critical dialogue on planetary geopolitics, space weaponization and the space arms race.
{"title":"Planetary Geopolitics, Space Weaponization and Environmental Harms","authors":"Dawn L Rothe, Victoria E Collins","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While the militarization of space has been occurring since the 1950s, it was not considered a domain of fighting nor was it being fully weaponized until recently. Yet, there is a glaring absence of research on space weaponization or space environmental harms by criminologists. Here, using a retrospective approach we juxtapose the environmental harms from wars, military weapon development, maintenance and readiness on Earth and known harms that have occurred due to space expansionism and the space arms race. We then use a prospective approach to critically examine anticipated environmental harms of space weaponization. Our goal is to contribute to research in green criminology and to begin a critical dialogue on planetary geopolitics, space weaponization and the space arms race.","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135837820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Aiming to reduce the conceptual ambiguity surrounding the topic of organized crime, this study assesses the extent to which the Sinaloa Cartel, the most prominent Mexican drug syndicate, has the characteristics of a mafia. The study uses Paoli’s 2020 mafia framework, which identifies seven typifying characteristics of mafias, such as the Sicilian Cosa Nostra or the Japanese Yakuza. It relies on a broad review of the literature, court transcripts and media sources. The Sinaloa Cartel fully meets none of the seven typifying traits of mafias. It comes closest on the last trait, popular legitimacy and power-sharing, but it is properly characterized as a large drug-selling enterprise. Lastly, the study draws (sombre) policy implications from the analysis.
{"title":"Is the Sinaloa Cartel a Mafia?","authors":"Letizia Paoli, Bryan Peters, Peter Reuter","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aiming to reduce the conceptual ambiguity surrounding the topic of organized crime, this study assesses the extent to which the Sinaloa Cartel, the most prominent Mexican drug syndicate, has the characteristics of a mafia. The study uses Paoli’s 2020 mafia framework, which identifies seven typifying characteristics of mafias, such as the Sicilian Cosa Nostra or the Japanese Yakuza. It relies on a broad review of the literature, court transcripts and media sources. The Sinaloa Cartel fully meets none of the seven typifying traits of mafias. It comes closest on the last trait, popular legitimacy and power-sharing, but it is properly characterized as a large drug-selling enterprise. Lastly, the study draws (sombre) policy implications from the analysis.","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135837747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article combines administrative data on housing transactions with monthly crime data for the years 2014–18 to investigate the link between residential turnover and crime. Using a panel of 34,753 small neighbourhoods in England and Wales as well as street-level data for London, estimates from models with multiple fixed effects suggest that higher turnover is associated with higher overall crime rates. These effects are small and driven by increases in property and violent crime. Using information on price growth, I document differential effects for high-turnover, high price growth (‘attractive’) and high turnover, low price growth (‘declining’) areas.
{"title":"Residential turnover and crime—Evidence from administrative data for England and Wales","authors":"Nils Braakmann","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azac090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article combines administrative data on housing transactions with monthly crime data for the years 2014–18 to investigate the link between residential turnover and crime. Using a panel of 34,753 small neighbourhoods in England and Wales as well as street-level data for London, estimates from models with multiple fixed effects suggest that higher turnover is associated with higher overall crime rates. These effects are small and driven by increases in property and violent crime. Using information on price growth, I document differential effects for high-turnover, high price growth (‘attractive’) and high turnover, low price growth (‘declining’) areas.","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article examines instances of de jure and de facto denationalization that arise from (suspected) terrorism by analyzing penal outcomes for affected citizens. The article first exposes cases of de jure denationalization that confine citizens to global spaces and draws parallels with instances of de facto denationalization that deny repatriation from abroad. I then argue that both situations signal state’s avoidance of the duty to punish, deviate from conventional penal aspirations and engender volatile global penality. To support this argument, I explore three questions: (1) who punishes, (2) who is punished and (3) what the purpose of punishment is. I conclude by exposing the emerging features of global neo-colonial penality as they pertain to both its objects and objectives.
{"title":"No Country For ‘Bad’ Men: Volatile Citizenship and the Emerging Features Of Global Neo-colonial Penality","authors":"Milena Tripkovic","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azac103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article examines instances of de jure and de facto denationalization that arise from (suspected) terrorism by analyzing penal outcomes for affected citizens. The article first exposes cases of de jure denationalization that confine citizens to global spaces and draws parallels with instances of de facto denationalization that deny repatriation from abroad. I then argue that both situations signal state’s avoidance of the duty to punish, deviate from conventional penal aspirations and engender volatile global penality. To support this argument, I explore three questions: (1) who punishes, (2) who is punished and (3) what the purpose of punishment is. I conclude by exposing the emerging features of global neo-colonial penality as they pertain to both its objects and objectives.","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"307 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136197172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Many labour migrants in the Arab Gulf countries are from South Asia. Necessary to local economies, they enjoy few rights and protections from host states, particularly when accused of serious crimes. Our original empirical data suggests a disproportionate number of Pakistanis sentenced to death and executed in Saudi Arabia and we explore explanations within a wider discussion of the place and experiences of South Asian migrants in the Gulf. Our data suggest that drug laws and penal policies leave migrant workers particularly susceptible to capital punishment, with the administration of migrant employment recruitment processes exposing Pakistanis to coercion into drug trafficking such that some could be regarded not as criminally liable but as victims of human trafficking.
{"title":"A Disproportionate Risk of Being Executed: Why Pakistani Migrants Are Vulnerable to Capital Punishment in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Carolyn Hoyle, Jocelyn Hutton, Lucy Harry","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azac100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many labour migrants in the Arab Gulf countries are from South Asia. Necessary to local economies, they enjoy few rights and protections from host states, particularly when accused of serious crimes. Our original empirical data suggests a disproportionate number of Pakistanis sentenced to death and executed in Saudi Arabia and we explore explanations within a wider discussion of the place and experiences of South Asian migrants in the Gulf. Our data suggest that drug laws and penal policies leave migrant workers particularly susceptible to capital punishment, with the administration of migrant employment recruitment processes exposing Pakistanis to coercion into drug trafficking such that some could be regarded not as criminally liable but as victims of human trafficking.","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"76 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134903041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Family Criminology: An Introduction By Amanda Holt (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, 283 pp. £34.99 pbk) Get access Family Criminology: An Introduction By Amanda Holt ( Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, 283 pp. £34.99 pbk) Peter Squires Peter Squires University of Brighton, UK p.a.squires@brighton.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 63, Issue 4, July 2023, Pages 1084–1086, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac105 Published: 07 January 2023
{"title":"Family Criminology: An Introduction By Amanda Holt (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, 283 pp. £34.99 pbk)","authors":"Peter Squires","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azac105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac105","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Family Criminology: An Introduction By Amanda Holt (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, 283 pp. £34.99 pbk) Get access Family Criminology: An Introduction By Amanda Holt ( Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, 283 pp. £34.99 pbk) Peter Squires Peter Squires University of Brighton, UK p.a.squires@brighton.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 63, Issue 4, July 2023, Pages 1084–1086, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac105 Published: 07 January 2023","PeriodicalId":48244,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Criminology","volume":"42 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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