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Intellectual Diary of an Iconoclast 一个偶像崇拜者的知识分子日记
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-032823-090908
James C. Scott
Trying to address a series of large questions—e.g., when peasants rebel, clandestine forms of resistance, state “imagination,” and the origin of the very first agrarian states—led me to abandon much of the standard political science “tool kit.” This is an account of that intellectual journey. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
为了解决一系列重大问题--如农民何时反抗、秘密的反抗形式、国家的 "想象力 "以及最早的农业国的起源--我放弃了许多标准的政治学 "工具包"。本文就是对这一思想历程的描述。政治学年度评论》第 27 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 6 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
The Future of Work? The Political Theory of Work and Leisure 工作的未来?工作与休闲的政治理论
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102644
Julie L. Rose
The prospect of rapid technological development and automation has heightened attention toward issues of work and leisure, prompting many to ask what the future of work will be. Though this question is sometimes asked as a matter of forecasting, the path forward is not predetermined. A range of collective choices shape the conditions of people's work and leisure. It is essential for these choices to be guided by consideration of what the future of work should be. This article reviews recent literature in normative political theory about work and leisure, focusing on how they should be conceptualized, the multidimensional values and disvalues associated with both, and the grounds of people's claims to each. It highlights how the goods and bads of work and leisure are unequally shared by class, race, and gender, as well as the theoretical and practical advantages of considering people's interests in work and leisure in conjunction. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
技术飞速发展和自动化的前景使人们更加关注工作和休闲问题,促使许多人提出工作的未来会是怎样的问题。尽管这个问题有时是作为一个预测问题提出的,但未来的道路并不是预先确定的。一系列集体选择决定了人们的工作和休闲条件。这些选择必须以对未来工作的思考为指导。本文回顾了有关工作和休闲的规范性政治理论的最新文献,重点关注应如何对它们进行概念化、与两者相关的多维价值和不价值,以及人们对两者的要求的依据。它强调了工作和休闲的利弊如何因阶级、种族和性别而不平等地分享,以及将人们对工作和休闲的兴趣结合起来考虑的理论和实践优势。政治学年度评论》第 27 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 6 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic Humanitarianism: Host States and Refugee Policy 战略性人道主义:东道国与难民政策
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-023519
Idean Salehyan, B. Savun
The significant rise in the number of forcibly displaced people crossing international borders, i.e., refugees, necessitates a thorough examination of the policies implemented by receiving states to manage the arrival of these vulnerable populations. This article reviews the literature on the factors that influence refugee policies, focusing on two dimensions of host state responses: admission and integration. We argue that there may be an inherent tension between refugee admissions and refugee integration policies, as countries attempt to restrict benefits when admission numbers increase. Further, we highlight how refugee policies are influenced by international and domestic constraints and priorities that can at times be conflicting or complementary. The article ultimately advocates for a systematic analysis of the endogenous relationship between refugee policies, public perception of refugees, and migration patterns. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
由于被迫跨越国际边界的流离失所者(即难民)人数大幅增加,有必要对接收国为管理这些弱势人口的到来而实施的政策进行彻底审查。本文回顾了有关影响难民政策的因素的文献,重点关注收容国应对措施的两个方面:接纳和融合。我们认为,难民接纳政策与难民融入政策之间可能存在内在的紧张关系,因为当接纳人数增加时,国家会试图限制难民的福利。此外,我们还强调了难民政策是如何受到国际和国内限制及优先事项的影响的,这些限制和优先事项有时会相互冲突,有时又相互补充。文章最终主张对难民政策、公众对难民的看法以及移民模式之间的内生关系进行系统分析。政治学年度评论》第 27 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 6 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Information Politics and Propaganda in Authoritarian Societies 专制社会中的信息政治与宣传
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-035951
Bryn Rosenfeld, Jeremy Wallace
What role does propaganda play in the information politics of authoritarian societies, and what is its relationship to censorship? What have we learned from rival accounts in recent literature about why states produce it? While regimes clearly invest in propaganda believing that it is effective, there is still much to learn about whether, when, and how it actually is effective. We first discuss some of the tensions inherent in distinguishing between persuasive and dominating, soft and hard, propaganda. We then review efforts to understand the conditions under which propaganda changes attitudes and/or behavior in terms of propaganda's content, relational factors, aspects of the political environment, and citizens’ own predispositions. We highlight the need for more research on propaganda in authoritarian settings, especially on how patterns of its consumption may change amid crises, technological shifts, and direct state interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
宣传在专制社会的信息政治中扮演什么角色?我们从近期文献中关于国家为什么要进行宣传的对立描述中了解到了什么?尽管政权显然相信宣传是有效的,但对于宣传是否有效、何时有效以及如何有效,我们仍有很多东西需要学习。我们首先讨论了在区分说服性宣传和支配性宣传、软性宣传和硬性宣传时所固有的一些矛盾。然后,我们从宣传的内容、关系因素、政治环境的各个方面以及公民自身的倾向性等方面回顾了为了解宣传改变态度和/或行为的条件所做的努力。我们强调有必要对专制环境下的宣传进行更多研究,尤其是在危机、技术变革和国家直接干预的情况下,宣传的消费模式会发生怎样的变化。政治学年度评论》第 27 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 6 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Information Politics and Propaganda in Authoritarian Societies 专制社会中的信息政治与宣传
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-035951
Bryn Rosenfeld, Jeremy Wallace
What role does propaganda play in the information politics of authoritarian societies, and what is its relationship to censorship? What have we learned from rival accounts in recent literature about why states produce it? While regimes clearly invest in propaganda believing that it is effective, there is still much to learn about whether, when, and how it actually is effective. We first discuss some of the tensions inherent in distinguishing between persuasive and dominating, soft and hard, propaganda. We then review efforts to understand the conditions under which propaganda changes attitudes and/or behavior in terms of propaganda's content, relational factors, aspects of the political environment, and citizens’ own predispositions. We highlight the need for more research on propaganda in authoritarian settings, especially on how patterns of its consumption may change amid crises, technological shifts, and direct state interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
宣传在专制社会的信息政治中扮演什么角色?我们从近期文献中关于国家为什么要进行宣传的对立描述中了解到了什么?尽管政权显然相信宣传是有效的,但对于宣传是否有效、何时有效以及如何有效,我们仍有很多东西需要学习。我们首先讨论了在区分说服性宣传和支配性宣传、软性宣传和硬性宣传时所固有的一些矛盾。然后,我们从宣传的内容、关系因素、政治环境的各个方面以及公民自身的倾向性等方面回顾了为了解宣传改变态度和/或行为的条件所做的努力。我们强调有必要对专制环境下的宣传进行更多研究,尤其是在危机、技术变革和国家直接干预的情况下,宣传的消费模式会发生怎样的变化。政治学年度评论》第 27 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 6 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
NIMBYs, YIMBYs, and the Politics of Land Use in American Cities 美国城市中的 "NIMBYs"、"YIMBYs "和土地使用政治
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-041133
N. R. Brouwer, Jessica Trounstine
Debates over the development and density of housing have gained visibility in recent years as housing costs have skyrocketed in many metropolitan areas. With those who seek to limit development (NIMBYs) on one side and those who seek to promote it (YIMBYs) on the other, scholarly attention has turned to understanding preferences and power in the politics of development. This article reviews scholarship relating to the politics of land use. After discussing the history of land use regulation, we describe who the important actors are (and, generally, what they want) in the politics of land use; we explain the distribution of power and inequality in the politics of land use; and we briefly review how land use regulation affects other societal outcomes. We end with a set of unanswered political questions that could push the field forward. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
近年来,随着许多大都市地区住房成本的飙升,有关住房开发和密度的争论也越来越引人注目。一边是试图限制发展的人(NIMBYs),另一边是试图促进发展的人(YIMBYs),学术界的注意力已转向了解发展政治中的偏好和权力。本文回顾了与土地利用政治相关的学术研究。在讨论了土地使用法规的历史之后,我们描述了土地使用政治中的重要参与者(一般来说,他们想要什么);我们解释了土地使用政治中的权力分配和不平等;我们简要回顾了土地使用法规如何影响其他社会结果。最后,我们提出了一系列尚未解答的政治问题,这些问题可能会推动该领域的发展。政治学年度评论》第 27 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 6 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Latino Opinion and Action in the Struggle for America's Political Future 争取美国政治未来的拉丁裔舆论与行动
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-045828
Efrén Pérez, Jessica Cobian
Nearly 20 years have passed since this journal's last review of Latino politics. Today, American politics have shifted dramatically, even alarmingly, with Latinos absorbing and contributing to many of these changes. Yet American politics research still overwhelmingly privileges non-Hispanic Whites and their political opinions and behavior. We argue that this marginalization of Latino politics research has even fewer excuses in this era when data, methodologies, and other resources have expanded, making theory-based, empirically grounded research on Latino politics more feasible. We also argue that to better grasp what happens in contemporary politics today and tomorrow, a deeper understanding of Latinos’ political psychology is indispensable because they are a highly diverse, minoritized group whose members are acutely sensitive to structural, temporal, and situational pressures. Finally, in an overwhelmingly quantitative, empirically oriented field, we urge Latino politics scholars to more earnestly consider the normative implications of research on this growing pan-ethnic population. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
距离本刊上一次评论拉丁裔政治已过去近 20 年。如今,美国政治发生了巨大的变化,甚至令人震惊,拉美裔吸收并促成了其中的许多变化。然而,美国政治研究仍然绝大多数偏重于非西班牙裔白人及其政治观点和行为。我们认为,在数据、方法论和其他资源不断扩大的今天,拉美裔政治研究被边缘化的借口更少了,这使得以理论为基础、以经验为依据的拉美裔政治研究更加可行。我们还认为,要想更好地把握当代政治的今天和明天,深入了解拉美裔的政治心理是必不可少的,因为他们是一个高度多元化的少数群体,其成员对结构、时间和环境压力非常敏感。最后,在一个绝大多数以定量和实证为导向的领域中,我们敦促拉美裔政治学者更认真地考虑对这一日益增长的泛种族人口进行研究的规范意义。政治学年度评论》第 27 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 6 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Democratic Norms and the Ethics of Resistance 民主规范与抵抗伦理
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-025033
E. Chapman
Most democratic theories recognize that democracy requires widespread adherence to both formal and informal norms that constrain the use of power and structure relationships among citizens. Most also recognize that a healthy democracy requires some forms of activism or resistance that transgress those norms to disrupt hierarchies, challenge injustices, and drive discursive innovation. Recent systemic theories of democracy show that democratic theory can incorporate these two realities without contradiction, but it is not clear whether an ethic of citizenship can do the same. This article reviews recent literature on the purposes and ethics of transgressive politics while also drawing attention to neglected questions about the functions of democratic norms and how they are maintained amid transgressions. These are questions that must be addressed by an ethic of citizenship that can navigate the tension between the authority of democratic norms and the constructive potential of transgressive politics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
大多数民主理论认识到,民主需要广泛遵守正式和非正式的规范,这些规范限制了权力的使用,并构建了公民之间的关系。大多数人还认识到,一个健康的民主需要某种形式的激进主义或反抗,以打破这些规范,挑战不公正,并推动话语创新。最近关于民主的系统理论表明,民主理论可以毫无矛盾地结合这两种现实,但不清楚公民道德是否也能做到这一点。本文回顾了最近关于越轨政治的目的和伦理的文献,同时也提请注意关于民主规范的功能以及它们如何在越轨中维持的被忽视的问题。这些问题必须通过一种公民道德来解决,这种公民道德可以化解民主规范的权威与越轨政治的建设性潜力之间的紧张关系。预计《政治学年度评论》第27卷的最终在线出版日期是2024年6月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
State Policy and Immigrant Integration 国家政策与移民融入
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051921-102651
Vasiliki Fouka
The proliferation of government policies to manage immigration has led to the emergence of an interdisciplinary literature that evaluates policy effects on immigrant integration. This review synthesizes findings from evaluations of policies regulating legal status and citizenship, the labor market, welfare, settlement, education, and cultural rights. It concludes that policies lowering immigrants’ costs of adjustment to the host country are consistently more effective in promoting integration than policies incentivizing immigrant effort through withholding resources and regulating access to rights. Policy changes the behavior of both immigrants and native-born citizens through material and psychological pathways, and considering the decision making of each side and their interdependence is crucial for understanding why estimated effects of the same policy differ across contexts and for anticipating unintended consequences. For external validity and useful counterfactuals, a closer connection is needed between empirical research and theoretical models that explicitly account for the equilibrium nature of integration. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
政府管理移民政策的激增导致了评估政策对移民融合影响的跨学科文献的出现。本综述综合了对法律地位和公民身份、劳动力市场、福利、定居、教育和文化权利等政策的评估结果。它的结论是,降低移民适应东道国的成本的政策在促进融合方面始终比通过扣留资源和规范获得权利来激励移民努力的政策更有效。政策通过物质和心理途径改变移民和本地出生公民的行为,考虑双方的决策及其相互依存关系对于理解为什么相同政策的估计效果在不同背景下不同以及预测意想不到的后果至关重要。对于外部有效性和有用的反事实,需要在实证研究和明确解释整合均衡性质的理论模型之间建立更紧密的联系。预计《政治学年度评论》第27卷的最终在线出版日期是2024年6月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Global Economic Sanctions 全球经济制裁
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-032240
Daniel W. Drezner
The growth in economic sanctions has been matched by a surge in scholarly research. This article reviews the current state of scholarship on economic sanctions to see where the literature has advanced since Baldwin's Economic Statecraft—and where there is need for further research. Over the past few decades, sanctions scholarship has made its greatest strides in investigating the effects and effectiveness of economic coercion attempts. This vein of research suggests that economic coercion is more effective than previously believed—but at the same time, the policy externalities of sanctions are far greater than previously understood. There remain many fruitful areas of research. Scholars need to consider how to better measure the deterrent effects of economic sanctions over time. Claims that there are different national styles of economic statecraft need to be tested to determine whether these styles are enduring or ephemeral. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, international relations scholars need to consider the systemic implications of increased sanctioning behavior. Scholars need to assess when and how sanctions affect the broader global political economy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 27 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
与经济制裁的发展相对应的是学术研究的激增。本文回顾了经济制裁方面的学术研究现状,以了解自鲍德温的《经济国策》一书出版以来,相关文献在哪些方面取得了进展,以及在哪些方面需要进一步研究。过去几十年来,制裁学术研究在调查经济胁迫的效果和有效性方面取得了长足进步。这些研究表明,经济胁迫比以往认为的更为有效--但与此同时,制裁的政策外部性也比以往理解的要大得多。仍有许多富有成效的研究领域。学者们需要考虑如何更好地衡量经济制裁在不同时期的威慑效果。关于不同国家有不同的经济外交风格的说法需要进行检验,以确定这些风格是持久的还是短暂的。最后,或许也是最重要的一点,国际关系学者需要考虑制裁行为增加的系统性影响。学者们需要评估制裁何时以及如何影响更广泛的全球政治经济。政治学年度评论》第 27 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 6 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
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Annual Review of Political Science
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