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Annual Review of Political Science最新文献

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Political Risk and International Investment Law 政治风险与国际投资法
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-014429
Carolina Moehlecke, R. Wellhausen
International investment law provides a means for states to mitigate political risks that foreign investors face inside their borders. Its status quo includes thousands of international investment agreements (IIAs) and Investor–State Dispute Settlement (ISDS), a dispute resolution mechanism in which foreign, private investors sue host states in ad hoc international tribunals in pursuit of monetary compensation for property rights violations. In this review, we survey the vast contemporary literature on this regime to evidence the ways in which scholars have challenged the purported original goals of international investment law and its distributional consequences. In light of this literature's accomplishments, we highlight opportunities for a refocusing of international relations scholars’ research agenda on dynamics of continuity and change in the regime. The status quo in international investment law is fragile, and, in our view, the regime is on the brink of a major shift toward prioritizing state sovereignty well above political risk mitigation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
国际投资法为各国减轻外国投资者在其境内面临的政治风险提供了一种手段。它的现状包括数以千计的国际投资协定(iia)和投资者-国家争端解决机制(ISDS),这是一种争端解决机制,外国私人投资者在特设国际法庭起诉东道国,以寻求财产权侵犯的货币赔偿。在这篇综述中,我们调查了大量关于这一制度的当代文献,以证明学者们挑战国际投资法的所谓原始目标及其分配后果的方式。鉴于这些文献的成就,我们强调了国际关系学者的研究议程重新聚焦于政权连续性和变化的动态的机会。国际投资法的现状是脆弱的,在我们看来,该政权正处于一个重大转变的边缘,即将国家主权置于政治风险缓解之上。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 3
Political Theory Rediscovers Public Administration 政治理论重新发现公共行政
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-125131
Bernardo Zacka
Political theory is rediscovering the colossus of public administration—the vast public service and regulatory bureaucracies and their countless employees and extensions that conduct the daily business of government. This review explains how something so visible could ever have fallen from view, and surveys four burgeoning areas of research. These pertain to the legitimacy of public administration, to the articulation of standards of good government distinct from good public policy, to the analysis of how the moral agency of bureaucrats is implicated and undermined by the everyday operation of bureaucratic agencies, and to how we should conceptualize the state when we apprehend it through the seemingly banal routines of administration. What emerges from this body of work is a picture of the executive bureaucracy as an object of normative, critical, and conceptual inquiry on a par with the other two branches of government, the legislature and the judiciary. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
政治理论正在重新发现公共管理的巨像——庞大的公共服务和监管官僚机构,以及它们无数的雇员和分支机构,它们管理着政府的日常事务。这篇综述解释了为什么如此可见的东西会从人们的视野中消失,并调查了四个新兴的研究领域。这些问题涉及公共行政的合法性,涉及区分好政府与好公共政策的标准,涉及分析官僚机构的道德代理如何受到官僚机构日常运作的牵连和破坏,以及当我们通过看似平庸的行政程序来理解国家时,我们应该如何概念化国家。从这些工作中浮现出来的是一幅行政官僚机构的图景,它与政府的其他两个部门——立法机构和司法机构——一样,是规范性、批判性和概念性探究的对象。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 5
Comparative Bureaucratic Politics 比较官僚政治
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-102543
Carl Dahlström, V. Lapuente
This article discusses one of the most important institutions in the modern world, namely public bureaucracies, from a comparative perspective. Bureaucratic organizations can be seen as a result of handling dilemmas along two critical dimensions. The first dimension concerns whether bureaucrats should be autonomous or, on the contrary, directly accountable to their political masters. The second dimension is about whether bureaucrats should always be guided by the letter of the law, strictly following established rules, or, on the contrary, guided by the principle of management, searching for the most efficient solution. We review the extensive recent research on the effects of different ways of organizing public bureaucracies along these two dimensions. Specifically, we look at three fundamental outcomes: economic development, corruption, and the quality of public services. We conclude by discussing the pros and cons of the four types of bureaucracies—legalistic (accountability and law), populistic (accountability and management), Weberian (autonomy and law), and liberal (autonomy and management)—and how they relate to, but do not overlap with, the concept of administrative traditions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
本文从比较的角度探讨了现代社会最重要的制度之一——公共官僚机构。官僚组织可以被看作是在两个关键维度上处理困境的结果。第一个维度关注的是官僚是否应该自主,还是相反,直接对他们的政治主子负责。第二个维度是,官僚们是否应该始终以法律条文为指导,严格遵守既定规则,还是相反,以管理原则为指导,寻找最有效的解决方案。我们回顾了最近关于在这两个维度上组织公共官僚机构的不同方式的影响的广泛研究。具体来说,我们着眼于三个基本结果:经济发展、腐败和公共服务质量。最后,我们讨论了四种类型的官僚制的利弊——法律主义(问责制和法律)、民粹主义(问责制和管理)、韦伯主义(自治和法律)和自由主义(自治和管理)——以及它们如何与行政传统的概念相关联,但又不重叠。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 12
Race and Redistricting 种族和选区重新划分
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102107
David T. Canon
This review examines the role of race in the decennial process of redistricting. I review the scholarly literature on three related questions: What role should racial redistricting play in the representation of racial interests, how may racial redistricting be used, and what is the connection between racial redistricting and the substantive representation of racial minorities? The review briefly examines the normative question of racial representation and then focuses on the last two topics: empirical research on how racial interests are represented in legislatures and legal questions concerning the use of redistricting to produce descriptive representation. Racial redistricting enhances the representation of racial interests in legislatures, and the legal status of the districts is complex; therefore, litigation will proceed on a heavily fact-based, case-by-case basis in which political scientists will continue to play a vital role with their research on racially polarized voting and representation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
本综述探讨了种族在十年一次的选区重新划分过程中的作用。我回顾了三个相关问题的学术文献:种族重划在种族利益的代表中应该发挥什么作用,如何使用种族重划,种族重划与少数民族的实质性代表之间的联系是什么?本文简要探讨了种族代表性的规范性问题,然后着重于最后两个主题:关于种族利益如何在立法机构中得到代表的实证研究,以及关于利用重新划分选区来产生描述性代表性的法律问题。种族重划选区增强了种族利益在立法机构中的代表性,而且选区的法律地位很复杂;因此,诉讼将在很大程度上以事实为基础,以个案为基础,政治学家将继续在研究种族两极化的投票和代表权方面发挥至关重要的作用。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Media and Policy Making in the Digital Age 数字时代的媒体与政策制定
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-103422
E. Grossman
Do media influence policy making? To what extent can governments or other actors manipulate this influence? Our understanding of the relationship between media and policy making remains limited, as separate research agendas look at parts of the puzzle in public policy, political communication, and related fields. This article tries to bridge these divides, to show how knowledge from different fields may be complementary, and to point to shortcomings and blind spots in existing research. By bringing different strands together, I show that media, old and new, are the main arena for the battle over the scope of policy conflict. The review discusses different factors determining or influencing media coverage of and influence on policy making, before looking at how governments and administrations deal with media coverage of policy making. I explore how ongoing changes in the media landscape are likely to affect the media–policy making nexus. The final section presents future research directions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
媒体对政策制定有影响吗?政府或其他行为者能在多大程度上操纵这种影响?我们对媒体和政策制定之间关系的理解仍然有限,因为单独的研究议程只关注公共政策、政治传播和相关领域的部分难题。本文试图弥合这些分歧,展示来自不同领域的知识如何可以互补,并指出现有研究中的缺点和盲点。通过将不同的线索结合在一起,我表明,媒体,无论是旧的还是新的,都是政策冲突范围斗争的主要舞台。本报告讨论了决定或影响媒体对政策制定的报道和对政策制定的影响的不同因素,然后研究了政府和行政部门如何处理媒体对政策制定的报道。我探讨了媒体格局的持续变化如何可能影响媒体与政策制定的关系。最后提出了未来的研究方向。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 8
Las Vidas Negras Importan: Centering Blackness and Racial Politics in Latin American Research Las Vidas Negras的重要性:以黑人和种族政治为中心的拉丁美洲研究
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-102119-100255
D. P. Clealand
Racial disparities in Latin America exist in poverty levels, income, education, infant mortality, political representation, access to social services, and other key indicators. Despite this reality, researchers in comparative politics face an uphill challenge to prioritize racial politics in studies of democratization, democratic consolidation, representation, and even social movements and inequality, despite racial hierarchies being quite harmful to democracy in Latin America. This article argues for the centering of Black politics and racial hierarchies in Latin American politics and highlights recent literature to map just how that can be done. More than adding race as a variable or a control, we must understand racial identification and anti-Black racism in Latin America: how they operate, and how they influence, complicate, motivate, affirm, and inspire politics. In this article, I address ( a) why we should center racial politics in Latin American politics, ( b) how comparative racial scholars have centered Black politics, ( c) the methodologies necessary to accurately measure racial identification, and ( d) recent research that examines the interplay between racial self-identification, Black group consciousness, and voting behavior. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
拉丁美洲的种族差异存在于贫困水平、收入、教育、婴儿死亡率、政治代表性、获得社会服务的机会和其他关键指标。尽管如此,比较政治学的研究人员在研究民主化、民主巩固、代表制,甚至社会运动和不平等时,仍然面临着一个艰巨的挑战,尽管种族等级制度对拉丁美洲的民主是相当有害的。本文主张黑人政治和种族等级制度在拉丁美洲政治中的中心地位,并强调了最近的文献来描绘如何做到这一点。除了将种族作为变量或控制因素之外,我们还必须了解拉丁美洲的种族认同和反黑人种族主义:它们是如何运作的,以及它们如何影响、复杂化、激励、肯定和激发政治。在这篇文章中,我将讨论(a)为什么我们应该把种族政治作为拉丁美洲政治的中心,(b)比较种族学者是如何把黑人政治作为中心的,(c)准确衡量种族认同所必需的方法,以及(d)最近研究种族自我认同、黑人群体意识和投票行为之间相互作用的研究。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 1
Experiments and Surveys on Political Elites 政治精英实验与调查
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013649
Joshua D. Kertzer, Jonathan Renshon
One of the major developments in political science in the past decade has been the rise of experiments and surveys on political elites. Yet, the increase in the number of elite studies has outpaced our collective understanding of best practices and how we know a good elite experiment when we see one. In this article, we discuss some of the challenges in the study of political elites—from who counts as an elite to how to best utilize elite experiments in the context of broader research designs. We also offer recommendations on questions of access, recruitment, and representativeness, as well as designs that researchers can use to study “eliteness” without access to elites. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
在过去十年中,政治科学的主要发展之一是对政治精英的实验和调查的兴起。然而,精英研究数量的增加已经超过了我们对最佳实践的集体理解,以及我们如何在看到一个好的精英实验时就知道它是好的。在本文中,我们讨论了政治精英研究中的一些挑战——从谁算精英到如何在更广泛的研究设计背景下最好地利用精英实验。我们还提供了关于访问、招聘和代表性问题的建议,以及研究人员可以在不接触精英的情况下研究“精英”的设计。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 27
Automation, Digitalization, and Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace: Implications for Political Behavior 工作场所的自动化、数字化和人工智能:对政治行为的影响
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-104535
A. Gallego, Thomas Kurer
New technologies are a key driver of labor market change in recent decades. There are renewed concerns that technological developments in areas such as robotics and artificial intelligence will destroy jobs and create political upheaval. This article reviews the vibrant debate about the economic consequences of recent technological change and then discusses research about how digitalization may affect political participation, vote choice, and policy preferences. It is increasingly well established that routine workers have been the main losers of recent technological change and disproportionately support populist parties. However, at the same time, digitalization also creates a large group of economic winners who support the political status quo. The mechanisms connecting technology-related workplace risks to political behavior and policy demands are less well understood. Voters may fail to fully comprehend the relative importance of different causes of structural economic change and misattribute blame to other factors. We conclude with a list of pressing research questions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
近几十年来,新技术是劳动力市场变化的关键驱动力。人们再次担心,机器人和人工智能等领域的技术发展将摧毁就业机会,并引发政治动荡。本文回顾了关于近期技术变革的经济后果的激烈辩论,然后讨论了数字化如何影响政治参与、投票选择和政策偏好的研究。人们越来越清楚地认识到,普通工人是最近技术变革的主要输家,他们不成比例地支持民粹主义政党。然而,与此同时,数字化也创造了一大群支持政治现状的经济赢家。将与技术相关的工作场所风险与政治行为和政策要求联系起来的机制还不太清楚。选民可能无法完全理解造成结构性经济变化的不同原因的相对重要性,并错误地将责任归咎于其他因素。最后,我们列出了一系列紧迫的研究问题。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 27
Immigration and Globalization (and Deglobalization) 移民与全球化(及去全球化)
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-105059
David Leblang, M. Peters
Immigration policy is often portrayed as a zero-sum trade-off between labor and capital or between high- and low-skilled labor. Many have attributed the rise of populist politicians and populist movements to immigrants and/or immigration policy. While immigration has distributional implications, we argue that something is clearly missing from the discussion: the fact that migrants are an engine of globalization, especially for countries in the Global South. Migration and migrant networks serve to expand economic markets, distribute information across national borders, and diffuse democratic norms and practices throughout the world, increasing trade and investment flows. We further argue that many commentators have got the causal relationship backward: Instead of immigration reducing support for globalization, we argue that trade, financial flows, and offshoring have reduced support for immigration among the elite and a vocal plurality of citizens in the Global North. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
移民政策经常被描绘成劳动力和资本、高技能劳动力和低技能劳动力之间的零和权衡。许多人将民粹主义政治家和民粹主义运动的兴起归因于移民和/或移民政策。虽然移民具有分配影响,但我们认为,讨论中显然遗漏了一些东西:移民是全球化的引擎,特别是对全球南方国家而言。移民和移民网络有助于扩大经济市场,跨国界传播信息,在全世界传播民主规范和做法,增加贸易和投资流动。我们进一步认为,许多评论家颠倒了因果关系:我们认为,贸易、资金流动和离岸外包减少了全球北方精英和多数公民对移民的支持,而不是移民减少了对全球化的支持。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 5
Emotion and Politics: Noncognitive Psychological Biases in Public Opinion 情绪与政治:民意中的非认知心理偏见
IF 10.8 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-105353
Steven W. Webster, B. Albertson
Contemporary politics is noteworthy for its emotional character. Emotions shape and, in turn, are elicited by partisan polarization, public opinion, and political attitudes. In this article, we outline recent work in the field of emotion and politics with an emphasis on the relationship between emotion and polarization, issue attitudes, information processing, and views on democratic governance. We also highlight a growing body of scholarship that examines the racial and gender differences in emotion's ability to affect political behavior. We conclude with a discussion of unaddressed questions and suggestions for future directions for scholars working in this area of growing importance. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
当代政治的情感特征值得注意。情绪形成,并反过来由党派分化、公众舆论和政治态度引发。在本文中,我们概述了情感和政治领域的最新工作,重点是情感与两极分化、问题态度、信息处理和民主治理观点之间的关系。我们还强调了越来越多的学术研究,这些研究研究了种族和性别差异对情感影响政治行为的能力。最后,我们讨论了尚未解决的问题,并为在这一日益重要的领域工作的学者提出了未来方向的建议。预计《政治学年度评论》第25卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 22
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Annual Review of Political Science
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