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Predictors of the Onset of Sexual Violence Perpetration in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. 青春期和成年期开始实施性暴力的预测因素》(Predictors of the Onset of Sexual Violence Perpetration in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood)。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01747-x
Michele L Ybarra, Hanno Petras, Kimberly L Goodman, Kimberly J Mitchell

To identify factors in adolescence that predict the onset of sexual violence in adolescence and young adulthood. Data were analyzed from six survey waves of the longitudinal Growing up with Media Study (2008-2018) conducted in the USA. Participants were 778 youth 13-18 years old at baseline, who completed online surveys assessing sexual violence behaviors and predictors. Sexual violence perpetration behaviors included sexual assault, rape, attempted rape, and coercive sex. Only 2% of females and 3% of males reported their first sexual violence perpetration by age 14. In contrast, by age 18, 6% of females and 12% of males had perpetrated their first sexual violence. For both males and females, the rate of the onset seems to plateau by age 22. Predictors of the onset of sexually violent behavior for those who began perpetrating when they were 14-17 years old were largely similar to those who began perpetrating when they were 18-25 years old. Alcohol plus other substance use, aggressive and delinquent behavior, caregiver monitoring, behavior problems at school, externalizing peers, exposure to community violence, and exposure to violent media were all implicated. Early prevention-well before college and perhaps even before high school-is needed to have an impact on the onset of sexual violence perpetration, as most perpetrators of sexual violence will have acted for the first time by age 23. Several modifiable risk factors observed in adolescence could signal the opportunity for targeted prevention to reduce the odds of onset of sexual violence.

确定青少年时期可预测青春期和青年期性暴力发生的因素。我们分析了在美国进行的纵向 "伴随媒体成长研究"(2008-2018 年)六次调查的数据。基线参与者为 778 名 13-18 岁的青少年,他们完成了在线调查,对性暴力行为和预测因素进行了评估。性暴力行为包括性侵犯、强奸、强奸未遂和强迫性行为。只有 2% 的女性和 3% 的男性在 14 岁前报告了他们的第一次性暴力侵害行为。相比之下,到 18 岁时,分别有 6% 和 12% 的女性和男性首次实施了性暴力。对于男性和女性而言,到 22 岁时,首次实施性暴力的比例似乎趋于稳定。那些在 14-17 岁时开始实施性暴力行为的人与那些在 18-25 岁时开始实施性暴力行为的人的性暴力行为发生率预测因素基本相似。酗酒和使用其他药物、攻击性和不良行为、照顾者的监控、在校行为问题、外化同伴、接触社区暴力和接触暴力媒体都与这些因素有关。要想对性暴力行为的发生产生影响,就必须及早预防--早在大学之前,甚至可能在高中之前--因为大多数性暴力行为人在 23 岁之前就会首次采取行动。在青春期观察到的几个可改变的风险因素可能预示着有机会进行有针对性的预防,以降低性暴力发生的几率。
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引用次数: 0
Targeted Child Mental Health Prevention and Parenting Support Within a Canadian Context: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the U.S.-Developed Family Check-Up®. 加拿大背景下有针对性的儿童心理健康预防和育儿支持:评估美国开发的 Family Check-Up® 的随机对照试验。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01741-3
Bennett Teresa A, Georgiades Katholiki, Gonzalez Andrea, Janus Magdalena, Lipman Ellen, Pires Paulo, Prime Heather, Duku Eric, Jambon Marc, McLennan John D, Gross Julie

Canada lacks an approach to early childhood mental health prevention aimed at decreasing barriers to care among highest-needs families. In this Canadian randomized controlled trial, we aimed to evaluate whether participation in the Family Check-Up® (FCU®) would be associated with lower severity of child behavior problems (primary outcome) and caregiver psychological distress and daily parenting stress (secondary outcomes). Eligible caregivers of children aged 2-4 years with (i) high severity of behavior problems and/or (ii) above-average severity plus ≥ 1 family psychosocial risk factor were recruited from early education, community, and clinical settings in Hamilton, Ontario. Randomization: either the FCU® or a community comparison arm (206 analyzed of 207 enrolled). Caregiver reports on their child's behavior problems (primary outcome, Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing Problems Scale), caregiver psychological distress, and daily parenting stress (secondary) were obtained 12 months after study enrolment, and rates of change were modeled over 0, 6, and 12 months. FCU® participants reported lower child behavior problem severity scores 12 months post-enrolment than did community comparison participants (d = 0.38, p < 0.01). Caregiver psychological distress (d = 0.17, p = 0.3) and parenting stress (d = .05, p = 0.8) did not differ significantly between arms. FCU® participants reported improvements in the severity of child behavior problems, relative to a community comparison group, but not in caregiver distress or parenting stress at 12 months. Positive results for primary outcome indicate the FCU's® promise as an effective child mental health prevention program in Canada. Further evaluation of intensified caregiver mental health supports may be warranted. Trial registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT02800603).

加拿大缺乏一种旨在减少最高需求家庭护理障碍的儿童早期心理健康预防方法。在这项加拿大随机对照试验中,我们旨在评估参与家庭体检®(FCU®)是否会降低儿童行为问题的严重程度(主要结果)以及照顾者的心理压力和日常养育压力(次要结果)。我们从安大略省汉密尔顿市的早期教育、社区和临床机构招募了符合条件的 2-4 岁儿童的照顾者,这些儿童(i) 有严重的行为问题和/或 (ii) 行为问题严重程度高于平均水平,且≥ 1 个家庭社会心理风险因素。随机分组:FCU® 或社区对比组(207 名参加者中分析了 206 人)。研究开始 12 个月后,收集照顾者对其子女行为问题(主要结果,儿童行为检查表外化问题量表)、照顾者心理压力和日常养育压力(次要结果)的报告,并对 0、6 和 12 个月的变化率进行建模。与社区对比参与者相比,FCU® 参与者在入学 12 个月后的儿童行为问题严重程度得分较低(d = 0.38,p = 0.01)。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Emotional Availability as a Moderator of Stress for Young Children and Parents in Two Diverse Early Head Start Samples. 更正:在两个不同的早期启蒙教育样本中,情感可用性是幼儿和家长压力的调节因素。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01751-1
Neda Senehi, Marjo Flykt, Zeynep Biringen, Mark L Laudenslager, Sarah Enos Watamura, Brady A Garrett, Terrence K Kominsky, Hannah E Wurster, Michelle Sarche
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引用次数: 0
Practical, Economic, and Policy Implications of the Leve et al. Paper. Leve 等人论文的实践、经济和政策影响。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01756-w
Diana H Fishbein, John Roman

This commentary responds to the paper recently published in Prevention Science, entitled "The Promise and Challenges of Integrating Biological and Prevention Sciences: A Community-Engaged Model for the Next Generation of Translational Research" by Leve and colleagues (2024). A framework is advanced to provide a rationale for and facilitate the difficult and oft-avoided task of integrating concepts, techniques, methods, and datasets from diverse disciplines. The unfortunate reality is that disciplines germane to prevention continue to be highly siloed. The field of prevention science stands to benefit from knowledge that leads to greater precision-based-and thereby more effective-approaches to intervention. What is particularly underappreciated is the potential for this information to also guide policymaking based on what we could learn about the social-ecological conditions that impact child and youth brain and behavioral development and are alterable in response to evidence-informed public health policies. In this commentary, we offer some context for and appraisal of the paper and provide additional rationale for a precision-based approach with appropriate precautions for the research and utility of findings. Discussion ensues on the economic pros and cons and the policy implications of this integrative "neuroprevention" strategy should the field of prevention science accept the challenge.

本评论是对 Leve 及其同事(2024 年)最近在《预防科学》上发表的题为 "生物科学与预防科学相结合的前景与挑战 "的论文的回应:Leve 及其同事(2024 年)在《预防科学》上发表的题为 "整合生物和预防科学的前景与挑战:下一代转化研究的社区参与模式 "的论文。该文提出了一个框架,为整合不同学科的概念、技术、方法和数据集这一困难且经常被回避的任务提供理论依据和便利。不幸的现实是,与预防相关的学科仍然高度孤立。预防科学领域可以从知识中获益,这些知识可以提高干预的精确性,从而提高干预的有效性。尤其没有得到充分重视的是,这些信息还具有指导决策的潜力,其基础是我们所能了解到的影响儿童和青少年大脑及行为发展的社会生态条件,以及可根据循证公共卫生政策进行改变的社会生态条件。在本评论中,我们将对该论文进行背景介绍和评价,并为基于精确性的方法提供更多理由,同时对研究和研究结果的实用性采取适当的预防措施。如果预防科学领域接受了这一挑战,我们将就这一综合 "神经预防 "战略的经济利弊和政策影响展开讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Inhibitory Control in Late Childhood as a Predictor of Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence and the Role of Social Context. 儿童晚期的抑制控制是青春期反社会行为的预测因素,也是社会环境的作用。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01754-y
Gabriela L Suarez, Daniel S Shaw, Melvin N Wilson, Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant, Luke W Hyde

Understanding the factors contributing to adolescent antisocial behavior is crucial for effective interventions. Protracted development of cognitive control systems supporting inhibitory control may be linked to increases in adolescent antisocial behavior, suggesting the promotion of inhibitory control as a potential preventative strategy. Concurrently, social contextual factors, including peer relationships, parent-child dynamics, and the neighborhood environment, may exacerbate or buffer the risk posed by low inhibitory control. In a large, longitudinal sample of youth from racially and ethnically diverse low-income families (N = 731), we examined the association between inhibitory control (age 10.5) and antisocial behavior (age 14) and explored contextual factors (neighborhood, peer relationships, parent-child relationship) as potential moderators. Lastly, we investigated whether a randomized controlled trial of the Family Check-Up (FCU) intervention started at age 2 predicted a decreased youth report of antisocial behavior in adolescence via increased inhibitory control in late childhood. We found that lower inhibitory control in late childhood predicted increased antisocial behavior in adolescence. For youth with low inhibitory control, living in a dangerous neighborhood or associating more with deviant peers increased the risk for adolescent antisocial behavior. Finally, the FCU intervention indirectly reduced youth-reported adolescent antisocial behavior via enhancing inhibitory control in late childhood, and the indirect effect was strongest for youth in risky contexts (e.g., low parental knowledge and control). Although risky contexts can exacerbate individual risks related to deficits in inhibitory control, greater inhibitory control may be a protective factor. Additionally, early childhood interventions can improve inhibitory skills and decrease the risk of adolescent antisocial behavior, particularly for youth within risky contexts.

了解导致青少年反社会行为的因素对于采取有效的干预措施至关重要。支持抑制性控制的认知控制系统的长期发展可能与青少年反社会行为的增加有关,这表明促进抑制性控制是一种潜在的预防策略。同时,社会环境因素,包括同伴关系、亲子关系和邻里环境,可能会加剧或缓冲低抑制控制能力带来的风险。我们对来自不同种族和民族的低收入家庭的青少年(731 人)进行了大规模纵向抽样调查,研究了抑制控制能力(10.5 岁)与反社会行为(14 岁)之间的关系,并探讨了作为潜在调节因素的环境因素(邻里关系、同伴关系、亲子关系)。最后,我们研究了从 2 岁开始进行的 "家庭体检"(FCU)干预随机对照试验是否会通过提高儿童后期的抑制控制能力来预测青少年在青春期的反社会行为报告是否会减少。我们发现,儿童后期较低的抑制控制能力预示着青少年反社会行为的增加。对于抑制控制能力较低的青少年来说,生活在危险的社区或与离经叛道的同伴交往较多,都会增加青少年反社会行为的风险。最后,"家庭幸福单位 "干预措施通过增强儿童晚期的抑制控制能力,间接减少了青少年报告的青少年反社会行为,这种间接效应对处于风险环境(如父母知识和控制能力较低)中的青少年最为明显。虽然风险环境会加剧与抑制控制能力缺陷有关的个体风险,但更强的抑制控制能力可能是一种保护因素。此外,儿童早期干预可以提高抑制能力,降低青少年反社会行为的风险,尤其是对处于风险环境中的青少年而言。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Health Delivery of Parenting Skills to Improve Conduct Problems in Middle School Youth Across Two Distinct Randomized Trials. 在两项不同的随机试验中,以数字健康方式提供育儿技巧,以改善初中青少年的行为问题。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01750-2
Elizabeth Stormshak, Arin Connell, Anne Marie Mauricio, Morgan McLaughlin, Allison Caruthers

This study evaluated direct and indirect effects of the Family Check-Up Online (FCU-O) across two distinct randomized trials with middle school youth and families. The FCU-O is a digital health adaptation of the Family Check-Up that is delivered in a brief, online format with supportive coaching. The FCU-O was delivered to parents of middle school youth with a focus on targeting both proximal and distal outcomes that impact the development of conduct problems, including a range of parenting skills, effortful control, and youth emotional problems. Participants were primary caregivers of children aged 10 to 14 years. Eligibility varied across the trials and included endorsing depression or significant stress, or having a child enrolled in a school with limited resources. A total of 374 participants across trials were included in the analysis and were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or control. Using Integrative Data Analytic techniques, we examined the effects of random assignment on a range of outcomes, including emotional and behavior problems, parenting skills, parenting confidence, and effortful control. We examined the indirect effects of the FCU-O on changes in conduct problems from baseline to 6 months via changes in mediator variables at the first follow-up assessment (2-3 months). The FCU-O improved emotional problems, effortful control, parenting confidence, and parent sense of importance at the first follow-up. Mediation analyses suggested indirect effects on conduct problems at 6-month follow-up via improvements in effortful control and emotional problems, but not via improvements in parenting confidence or sense of parenting importance. Results indicate the FCU-O has potential as a public health intervention for families with middle school youth to reduce behavioral risk. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03060291; NCT05117099.

本研究评估了在线家庭健康检查(FCU-O)在两项不同的随机试验中对中学生和家庭产生的直接和间接影响。FCU-O是 "家庭健康检查 "的数字健康改编版,以简短的在线形式提供,并配有支持性辅导。FCU-O主要针对影响行为问题发展的近端和远端结果,包括一系列养育技能、努力控制和青少年情绪问题,提供给初中青少年的父母。参与者为 10 至 14 岁儿童的主要照顾者。不同试验的参与者资格各不相同,包括认可抑郁症或重大压力,或其子女就读于资源有限的学校。共有 374 名试验参与者被纳入分析,并被随机分配接受干预或对照。利用综合数据分析技术,我们研究了随机分配对一系列结果的影响,包括情绪和行为问题、养育技能、养育信心和努力控制。我们通过第一次随访评估(2-3 个月)时中介变量的变化,考察了《家庭理财单元-O》对行为问题从基线到 6 个月的变化所产生的间接影响。在首次随访中,FCU-O 改善了情绪问题、努力控制、养育信心和父母的重要性感。中介分析表明,在 6 个月的随访中,努力控制和情绪问题的改善对行为问题产生了间接影响,但父母的自信心或父母的重要性感并没有改善。研究结果表明,FCU-O 有可能作为一种公共卫生干预措施,帮助有初中生的家庭降低行为风险。ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03060291;NCT05117099。
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引用次数: 0
A Multicomponent Preventive Intervention in the Early Elementary Years: A Look at Academic and Social Adjustment Outcomes. 小学低年级多成分预防性干预:对学业和社会适应结果的考察。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01748-w
Ronald J Prinz, Emilie P Smith, Brianna Tennie

Cogent indicated prevention with young children at risk for early onset conduct problems needs to address multiple domains of influence in school and home settings. A multicontextual preventive intervention (MPI) spanning grades one and two was conducted in schools serving economically disadvantaged communities and evaluated separately for boys and girls. The cluster randomized design evaluated children nested within schools receiving either the MPI (6 schools), which consisted of after-school reading-mentoring, home-based family, peer coping-skills, and classroom components, or a control condition (6 schools) involving a school-wide conflict management program without targeted intervention. Drawn at the end of kindergarten based on elevated behavioral difficulties and first-grade attendance at one of the 12 schools, the two subsamples consisted of 193 boys and 171 girls (63% in households with annual income < $15,000; 95% Black children). Extensive fidelity data indicated that the MPI components were well implemented. The two post-intervention third-grade outcomes in this report are academic performance and social/behavioral adjustment. The analyses involved a linear mixed effects model controlling for school. The key finding for the male subsample was that the MPI produced greater overall and language-arts/reading achievement, measured by report cards for the entire third-grade school year, compared with the control group. MPI-control differences did not emerge for externalizing problems and social competence assessed via teacher and parent report. In the face of elevated risk and poverty, the study underscored the importance of contributions from community-based reading-mentors, positive and inclusive classrooms, and nurturing family contexts in achieving academic gains.

有说服力的证据表明,对有早期行为问题风险的幼儿进行预防,需要解决学校和家庭环境中的多个影响领域。一项跨越一、二年级的多背景预防性干预措施(MPI)在为经济贫困社区服务的学校中实施,并对男孩和女孩分别进行了评估。群组随机设计评估了学校内的儿童,这些儿童要么接受了由课后阅读指导、家庭、同伴应对技能和课堂部分组成的 MPI(6 所学校),要么接受了没有针对性干预的全校冲突管理计划的对照条件(6 所学校)。这两个子样本分别由 193 名男孩和 171 名女孩组成(63% 的家庭年收入为 5,000 美元或以上)。
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引用次数: 0
Helping the Noncompliant Child and Child Behavior Outcomes: An Exploratory Examination of Financial Strain. 帮助不听话的孩子与孩子的行为结果:经济压力的探索性研究。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01749-9
April Highlander, Justin Parent, Deborah J Jones

Theoretical models and empirical research have highlighted the impact of economic disadvantage on children's psychosocial development broadly and the onset, maintenance, and treatment of early-onset (3-8 years) behavior disorders (BDs) more specifically. In the context of intervention, evidence suggests that economic disadvantage may pose risk for diminished parent-mediated treatment efficacy (e.g., Behavioral Parent Training [BPT]) given its impact on salient factors in the family system. Though, studies have shown significant variability in BPT outcomes within families experiencing economic disadvantage, suggesting that additional influences may further contribute to disparities in the trajectory of treatment and maintenance of treatment gains for this population. To address this gap in existing knowledge, financial strain, or the inability to meet financial needs, was examined in families (N = 54) of young children (3-8 years old) with low-income and clinically elevated behavior problems participating in one BPT program, Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC). Results demonstrated that families who experienced greater levels of financial strain prior to engaging in HNC exhibited diminished maintenance of parent reported child behavior gains following treatment. Financial strain did not significantly influence rate of change or maintenance of treatment gains for HNC clinician-coded child compliance. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02191956, registered on 6/18/2014.

理论模型和实证研究都强调了经济劣势对儿童心理社会发展的广泛影响,以及对早期(3-8 岁)行为障碍(BDs)的发生、维持和治疗的具体影响。在干预方面,有证据表明,鉴于经济劣势对家庭系统中突出因素的影响,经济劣势可能会导致以父母为中介的治疗效果(如行为父母训练 [BPT])降低。不过,研究表明,在经济状况不佳的家庭中,行为父母训练(BPT)的效果存在显著差异,这表明其他影响因素可能会进一步导致这类人群在治疗轨迹和治疗效果维持方面的差异。为了弥补现有知识中的这一不足,我们对低收入且临床行为问题严重的幼儿(3-8 岁)家庭(N = 54)进行了经济压力或无法满足经济需求的调查,这些家庭参加了一个 BPT 项目--"帮助不守规矩的孩子"(HNC)。结果表明,在参加 HNC 前经济压力较大的家庭,在治疗后对家长报告的儿童行为改善的维持程度较低。经济压力对 HNC 临床医生编码的儿童依从性的变化率或治疗收益的维持并无明显影响。本文讨论了临床意义和未来研究方向。ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02191956,注册日期:2014 年 6 月 18 日。
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引用次数: 0
"It's Like Making Reflective Practice More of the Heart of Who We Are": An Exploration of Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing Reflective Supervision in State Pre-K. "让反思性实践成为我们的核心":探索在州立学前教育机构实施反思性督导的促进因素和障碍。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01744-0
Lindsay Huffhines, Isai Ramirez, Rebecca B Silver, Christine M Low, Stephanie H Parade, A Rani Elwy

High-quality supervision for teachers in early care and education (ECE) is essential for building positive teacher-child relationships and enhancing ECE program quality, which in turn promotes healthy social-emotional and academic development in young children. Reflective supervision (RS) is a process-oriented and relationship-centered supervisory approach that has growing empirical evidence supporting its use. As the evidence base for RS continues to expand, and early childhood-serving settings-including ECE-increasingly consider this approach, understanding whether RS is likely to be routinely used in ECE settings and what helps or hinders use of this approach is critically important. Thus, the aims of this study were to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of RS in state-funded pre-Kindergarten (state pre-K) programs, as well as delineate the implementation determinants that either advanced or challenged the use of RS in state pre-K. This study was informed and guided by the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the CFIR Outcomes Addendum. Participants included 11 state pre-K program supervisors who had been trained in RS. Participants completed brief measures of feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of RS, and semi-structured interviews. Descriptive analyses of quantitative measures revealed that participants perceived RS as feasible to implement in their programs, highly acceptable, and highly appropriate, thereby suggesting that RS is likely to be implemented successfully in this setting. Qualitative data obtained from interviews and coded using the updated CFIR lent greater nuance to these results by specifying the facilitators and barriers affecting implementation. All participants reported great need for RS at the supervisor, teacher, and child/family level, and identified numerous other facilitating factors within four CFIR domains (i.e., Innovation, Outer Setting, Inner Setting, and Individuals), ranging from the relative advantage of RS to individual supervisor motivation and capability. Participants also cited barriers to using RS, most notably staffing difficulties, competing demands, and lack of policy and leadership support. Through theory-driven implementation frameworks applied to a real-world ECE setting, these findings extend prior research suggesting that RS may be an effective supervisory approach by highlighting the contextual factors that make RS more or less likely to be adopted, used, and sustained in state pre-K.

对早期保育和教育(ECE)教师的高质量督导对于建立积极的师幼关系和提高 ECE 项目质量至关重要,而这反过来又能促进幼儿健康的社会情感和学业发展。反思性督导(RS)是一种以过程为导向、以关系为中心的督导方法,越来越多的实证支持其使用。随着反思性督导的实证基础不断扩大,幼儿服务机构(包括幼教机构)越来越多地考虑采用这种方法,了解反思性督导是否有可能在幼教机构中得到常规使用,以及什么会帮助或阻碍这种方法的使用就显得至关重要。因此,本研究的目的是评估 RS 在州政府资助的学前班(州政府资助的学前班)项目中的可行性、可接受性和适宜性,以及界定在州政府资助的学前班中推进或阻碍 RS 使用的实施决定因素。本研究以最新的《实施研究综合框架》(CFIR)和《实施研究综合框架成果附录》为依据和指导。参与者包括 11 名接受过 RS 培训的州立学前教育项目主管。参与者完成了对 RS 的可行性、可接受性和适宜性的简短测量,并进行了半结构化访谈。对定量测量的描述性分析表明,参与者认为在他们的计划中实施 RS 是可行的,可接受性高,而且非常合适,从而表明 RS 有可能在这种环境中成功实施。从访谈中获得的定性数据使用最新的 CFIR 进行编码,通过具体说明影响实施的促进因素和障碍,使这些结果更加细致。所有参与者都报告了在督导、教师和儿童/家庭层面对 RS 的巨大需求,并在 CFIR 的四个领域(即创新、外部环境、内部环境和个人)中指出了许多其他促进因素,从 RS 的相对优势到督导个人的动机和能力不等。参与者还提到了使用 RS 的障碍,其中最主要的是人员配备困难、相互竞争的需求以及缺乏政策和领导支持。通过将理论驱动的实施框架应用于现实世界的幼儿教育环境,这些研究结果扩展了之前的研究,表明 RS 可能是一种有效的督导方法,强调了使 RS 更有可能或更不可能在州立学前教育机构中被采纳、使用和持续的环境因素。
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引用次数: 0
Associations Between Callous-Unemotional (CU) Traits and Emotion Recognition Abilities in School Children: The Influence of Conduct Problems and Age. 学龄儿童的 "冷酷无情"(CU)特质与情绪识别能力之间的关系:行为问题和年龄的影响。
IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01746-y
Emily C Kemp, Julia E Clark, Tatiana M Matlasz, Paul J Frick

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with severe conduct problems (CP) in youth. Causal theories for CU traits focus on emotion processing deficits that interfere with empathy development. However, though CU traits are consistently associated with deficits in affective empathy (i.e., emotional reactivity), the association between CU traits and cognitive empathy, which requires accurate emotion recognition, is less clear. We hypothesize that past inconsistencies in the associations between CU traits and emotion recognition may be due to interactions with conduct problems (CP) and age. To test this, a sample (N = 258) of school children in the 3rd, 6th, and 8th grades completed a computer task that assessed facial expression recognition, while caregivers and teachers reported on CU traits and CP. Results from hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated significant interactions between CU traits and CP in their associations with overall emotion recognition and with recognition of fearful and sad faces. In each case, CP showed a non-significant negative association with emotion recognition at high levels of CU traits. However, for fear and sadness recognition, CP was positively associated with accuracy at low levels of CU traits. Significant interactions between CU traits and age also emerged for recognition of fear and sadness, such that there were non-significant negative associations between CU traits and recognition accuracy in younger children, but significant positive associations in 8th grade students. These results have multiple implications as they help to clarify past inconsistencies on the association between CU traits and emotion recognition and can aid in the development of more effective interventions to prevent or treat conduct problems in young children.

冷酷无情(CU)特质与青少年严重的行为问题(CP)有关。CU特质的成因理论主要是情绪处理缺陷干扰了移情能力的发展。然而,尽管CU特质与情感共情(即情绪反应性)的缺陷一直存在关联,但CU特质与认知共情(需要准确的情绪识别)之间的关联却不太明确。我们假设,过去 CU 特质与情绪识别之间的不一致性可能是由于与行为问题(CP)和年龄的相互作用造成的。为了验证这一假设,我们抽取了三年级、六年级和八年级的学童样本(样本数=258),让他们完成一项评估面部表情识别能力的计算机任务,同时让照看者和教师报告 CU 特质和行为问题。分层线性回归分析的结果表明,CU特质和CP与整体情绪识别以及恐惧和悲伤面孔的识别之间存在显著的交互作用。在每种情况下,当 CU 特质水平较高时,CP 与情绪识别的负相关都不明显。然而,对于恐惧和悲伤面孔的识别,CP 与低水平 CU 特质的识别准确率呈正相关。在识别恐惧和悲伤情绪时,CU特质与年龄之间也出现了显著的交互作用,例如,CU特质与识别准确率之间在年龄较小的儿童中出现了不显著的负相关,但在八年级学生中却出现了显著的正相关。这些结果具有多方面的意义,因为它们有助于澄清过去关于CU特质与情绪识别之间关系的不一致之处,并有助于制定更有效的干预措施,预防或治疗幼儿的行为问题。
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Prevention Science
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