Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10519-4
Natalia Van Doren, Nur Hani Zainal, Ryan Y. Hong, Michelle G. Newman
Background
Constructs of common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms, including anxiety, depression, obsessions, compulsions, and worry, are observed in a wide range of psychiatric conditions. Reliable and valid measurements of these CMD symptoms are essential for building a generalizable science of psychopathology and ensuring valid comparisons of scores across distinct groups. Accordingly, the current study determined the psychometric properties of four widely used CMD symptom measures in the United States (U.S.) and Singapore.
Method
Participants comprised college students (U.S.: n = 292; SG: n = 144) who completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated (PSWQ-A).
Results
Strict measurement invariance (equal factor loadings, item thresholds, residual variances) was observed for all measures across cultures. Singapore had higher latent mean scores of worry than the U.S. sample.
Conclusions
Overall, findings suggest a strong degree of cross-cultural construct compatibility. Given this finding, higher latent factor means for worry, perfectionism, and uncertainty scores likely reflect true group differences, suggesting that these symptom measures can be used to aid further study and assessment of cross-cultural differences in symptom prevalence and presentation in CMDs.
{"title":"Examining Cross-Cultural Invariance of Common Mental Disorder Symptom Measures in the United States and Singapore","authors":"Natalia Van Doren, Nur Hani Zainal, Ryan Y. Hong, Michelle G. Newman","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10519-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10519-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Constructs of common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms, including anxiety, depression, obsessions, compulsions, and worry, are observed in a wide range of psychiatric conditions. Reliable and valid measurements of these CMD symptoms are essential for building a generalizable science of psychopathology and ensuring valid comparisons of scores across distinct groups. Accordingly, the current study determined the psychometric properties of four widely used CMD symptom measures in the United States (U.S.) and Singapore.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>Participants comprised college students (U.S.: <i>n</i> = 292; SG: <i>n</i> = 144) who completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated (PSWQ-A).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Strict measurement invariance (equal factor loadings, item thresholds, residual variances) was observed for all measures across cultures. Singapore had higher latent mean scores of worry than the U.S. sample.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, findings suggest a strong degree of cross-cultural construct compatibility. Given this finding, higher latent factor means for worry, perfectionism, and uncertainty scores likely reflect true group differences, suggesting that these symptom measures can be used to aid further study and assessment of cross-cultural differences in symptom prevalence and presentation in CMDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10525-6
Marcel Riehle, Saskia Brauer, Tania M. Lincoln, Luise Pruessner
Purpose
Emotion regulation is a complex process that often involves the presence of others, also known as interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). However, little is known about how psychotic symptoms relate to IER. We investigated whether young adults with elevated psychosis proneness engage in IER less frequently and find it less helpful than those with low psychosis proneness.
Methods
Psychosis-prone young adults with attenuated negative (PP-NES, n = 37) and positive symptoms (PP-POS, n = 20) and a low psychosis-prone control group (CG, n = 52) were recruited based on a priori defined cut-offs for the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. Participants provided daily diaries over one week, reporting negative symptoms, paranoia, positive and negative affect, and the frequency and efficacy of IER strategies to upregulate positive and downregulate negative emotions.
Results
Multilevel models showed that PP-NES reported using IER less frequently and found it less effective compared to CG. PP-POS reported turning to others for advice in distressing situations more than the CG. These group differences were related to aberrant affect levels in PP-NES. Across groups, participants used IER less on days on which they reported more negative symptoms and used it more on days on which they reported more paranoia.
Conclusions
These findings suggest symptom-specific aberrations in everyday IER in psychosis-prone young adults. Moreover, from day to day, young adults (psychosis-prone or not) appear to adjust their use of IER depending on current social motivation and distress levels. Future research should investigate whether these aberrations are dysfunctional regarding social inclusion and symptom trajectories.
{"title":"Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Young Adults With Low and High Psychosis Proneness: A Diary Study","authors":"Marcel Riehle, Saskia Brauer, Tania M. Lincoln, Luise Pruessner","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10525-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10525-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Emotion regulation is a complex process that often involves the presence of others, also known as <i>interpersonal emotion regulation</i> (IER). However, little is known about how psychotic symptoms relate to IER. We investigated whether young adults with elevated psychosis proneness engage in IER less frequently and find it less helpful than those with low psychosis proneness.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Psychosis-prone young adults with attenuated negative (PP-NES, <i>n</i> = 37) and positive symptoms (PP-POS, <i>n</i> = 20) and a low psychosis-prone control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 52) were recruited based on a priori defined cut-offs for the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. Participants provided daily diaries over one week, reporting negative symptoms, paranoia, positive and negative affect, and the frequency and efficacy of IER strategies to upregulate positive and downregulate negative emotions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Multilevel models showed that PP-NES reported using IER less frequently and found it less effective compared to CG. PP-POS reported turning to others for advice in distressing situations more than the CG. These group differences were related to aberrant affect levels in PP-NES. Across groups, participants used IER less on days on which they reported more negative symptoms and used it more on days on which they reported more paranoia.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest symptom-specific aberrations in everyday IER in psychosis-prone young adults. Moreover, from day to day, young adults (psychosis-prone or not) appear to adjust their use of IER depending on current social motivation and distress levels. Future research should investigate whether these aberrations are dysfunctional regarding social inclusion and symptom trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10523-8
IreLee Ferguson, Grace George, Christina Wu, Irene Xu, Eliza Passel, Laura T. Germine, Courtney Beard
Background
The tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous situations (i.e., interpretation bias) is associated with the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. Reliable measures of this transdiagnostic construct are critical for mechanistic studies and for evaluating treatment effects. However, few studies have validated common measures of interpretation bias across different ethnoracial groups. The Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) is a commonly used measure of interpretation biases that has previously shown good reliability (Gonsalves, Whittles, Weisberg, Beard, & 2019). This study evaluated two versions of the WSAP in two different samples across four ethnoracial groups (Asian/Pacific Islander, Black/African, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White) in the United States.
Methods
The first sample included adults (N = 762) with ages ranging from 18 to 94 years old (M = 40.92 years, SD = 17.57). The second sample included adults (N = 1218) ages ranging from 18 to 90 years (M = 39.81, SD = 17.37).
Results
Both versions of the WSAP demonstrated acceptable split-half reliability across ethnoracial groups. There were not any group differences in WSAP scores across ethnoracial groups for either version of the WSAP.
Conclusions
Results provide preliminary support for the WSAP as a reliable measure of interpretation bias across ethnoracial groups. Future work with larger samples is needed to replicate these findings, as well as to examine validity of the WSAP across ethnoracial groups.
{"title":"Evaluating the Reliability of the Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) as an Interpretation bias Assessment across Ethnoracial Groups","authors":"IreLee Ferguson, Grace George, Christina Wu, Irene Xu, Eliza Passel, Laura T. Germine, Courtney Beard","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10523-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10523-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous situations (i.e., interpretation bias) is associated with the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. Reliable measures of this transdiagnostic construct are critical for mechanistic studies and for evaluating treatment effects. However, few studies have validated common measures of interpretation bias across different ethnoracial groups. The Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) is a commonly used measure of interpretation biases that has previously shown good reliability (Gonsalves, Whittles, Weisberg, Beard, & 2019). This study evaluated two versions of the WSAP in two different samples across four ethnoracial groups (Asian/Pacific Islander, Black/African, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White) in the United States.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The first sample included adults (<i>N</i> = 762) with ages ranging from 18 to 94 years old (<i>M</i> = 40.92 years, <i>SD</i> = 17.57). The second sample included adults (<i>N</i> = 1218) ages ranging from 18 to 90 years (<i>M</i> = 39.81, <i>SD</i> = 17.37).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Both versions of the WSAP demonstrated acceptable split-half reliability across ethnoracial groups. There were not any group differences in WSAP scores across ethnoracial groups for either version of the WSAP.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Results provide preliminary support for the WSAP as a reliable measure of interpretation bias across ethnoracial groups. Future work with larger samples is needed to replicate these findings, as well as to examine validity of the WSAP across ethnoracial groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10527-4
Yanze Li, Yunlei Yu, Yaokun Duan, Yufei Shao, Lei Zhu
Objectives
Emotion regulation (ER) is important for psychological well-being. While previous research has focused on intrapersonal ER, few studies address intrapersonal and interpersonal ER concurrently. Using a person-centered approach, this study aimed to identify subgroups of college students based on different intra- and interpersonal ER profiles and examine how ER profiles related to psychological well-being.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 548 Chinese college students. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect levels of intra- and interpersonal ER, and psychological well-being (i.e., valued living, depressive and anxiety symptoms, positive and negative affect). Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify different intra- and interpersonal ER profiles. We used three-step multinomial regression analyses to explore how socio-demographic variables related to ER profiles, and applied the Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars approach to examine how the ER profiles related to psychological well-being.
Results
Five distinct profiles were identified: “low ER” (6.9%), “moderate intrapersonal ER” (14.4%), “average ER” (31.6%), “high ER with frequent expressive suppression use” (25.9%), and “adaptive high ER” (21.2%). Females and individuals in relationship were more likely to report “adaptive high ER” profile. People with an “adaptive high ER” profile reported best psychological well-being.
Conclusions
We identified five profiles with different combinations of six facets of intra- and interpersonal ER. People with distinct profiles differed in psychological well-being. An engagement in relationship may enhance adaptive emotion regulation. Future research should adopt a longitudinal design and explore factors predicting adaptive ER strategies.
目的情绪调节（ER）对心理健康非常重要。以往的研究主要关注人内情绪调节，但很少有研究同时涉及人内和人际情绪调节。本研究采用以人为本的方法，旨在根据不同的人内和人际情绪调节特征确定大学生亚组，并探讨情绪调节特征与心理健康的关系。研究采用自我报告问卷调查法，收集了大学生的人内、人际ER水平和心理健康水平（即生活价值、抑郁和焦虑症状、积极和消极情绪）。我们进行了潜在特征分析，以确定不同的内部和人际ER特征。我们使用三步多项式回归分析来探讨社会人口变量与ER特征之间的关系，并采用Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars方法来研究ER特征与心理健康之间的关系："低ER"（6.9%）、"中度人际ER"（14.4%）、"一般ER"（31.6%）、"频繁使用表达性抑制的高ER"（25.9%）和 "适应性高ER"（21.2%）。女性和恋爱中的人更有可能报告 "适应性高ER"。具有 "适应性高 ER "特征的人的心理健康水平最高。具有不同特征的人在心理健康方面各不相同。人际关系的参与可能会增强适应性情绪调节。未来的研究应采用纵向设计，并探索预测适应性情绪调节策略的因素。
{"title":"The Interplay of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies in College Students","authors":"Yanze Li, Yunlei Yu, Yaokun Duan, Yufei Shao, Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10527-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10527-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Emotion regulation (ER) is important for psychological well-being. While previous research has focused on intrapersonal ER, few studies address intrapersonal and interpersonal ER concurrently. Using a person-centered approach, this study aimed to identify subgroups of college students based on different intra- and interpersonal ER profiles and examine how ER profiles related to psychological well-being.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study included 548 Chinese college students. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect levels of intra- and interpersonal ER, and psychological well-being (i.e., valued living, depressive and anxiety symptoms, positive and negative affect). Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify different intra- and interpersonal ER profiles. We used three-step multinomial regression analyses to explore how socio-demographic variables related to ER profiles, and applied the Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars approach to examine how the ER profiles related to psychological well-being.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Five distinct profiles were identified: “low ER” (6.9%), “moderate intrapersonal ER” (14.4%), “average ER” (31.6%), “high ER with frequent expressive suppression use” (25.9%), and “adaptive high ER” (21.2%). Females and individuals in relationship were more likely to report “adaptive high ER” profile. People with an “adaptive high ER” profile reported best psychological well-being.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We identified five profiles with different combinations of six facets of intra- and interpersonal ER. People with distinct profiles differed in psychological well-being. An engagement in relationship may enhance adaptive emotion regulation. Future research should adopt a longitudinal design and explore factors predicting adaptive ER strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10521-w
Alexandra M. Adamis, Sarah C. Jessup, Bunmi O. Olatunji
Purpose
Excessive attentional allocation towards threats has been theorized to play a maintaining role in social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, it is unclear if both heightened attentional focus towards internal threats (i.e., interoceptive signals of anxiety) and external threats (i.e., negative social-evaluative cues) are pathogenic. Further, evidence for the causal pathways by which biased attention maintains SAD is limited. The present study tested the effects of experimentally induced internally and externally oriented attention towards threats relative to a neutral control on state anxiety and post-event processing (PEP) in a highly socially anxious sample.
Methods
During an impromptu speech task, participants (N = 123) were randomized to allocating their attention to their own thoughts, actions, or body sensations (internal condition; n = 41), to an audience member’s reactions and evaluations (external condition; n = 42), or to a neutral object (control condition; n = 40). State anxiety and PEP were assessed immediately following the speech and 24 h later.
Results
Although no differences between the control condition and the external and internal conditions were observed, participants in the internal condition reported significantly higher state anxiety immediately after the speech and higher PEP 24 h later compared to the external condition. State anxiety immediately after the speech mediated heightened PEP 24 h later among the internal condition compared to the external condition.
Conclusions
Findings support the theorized maladaptive role of self-focused attention in the maintenance of SAD and suggest that attending internally may be more harmful than attending externally, despite the presence of socio-evaluative threats in the environment.
目的 对威胁的过度注意分配被认为在社交焦虑症（SAD）中起着维持作用。然而，对内部威胁（即焦虑的内感知信号）和外部威胁（即消极的社会评价线索）的过度注意是否都是致病因素尚不清楚。此外，关于偏向性注意维持 SAD 的因果途径的证据还很有限。本研究测试了在高度社交焦虑的样本中，实验诱导的内部和外部导向的威胁注意相对于中性对照对状态焦虑和事件后处理（PEP）的影响。方法在即兴演讲任务中，参与者（人数 = 123）被随机分配到将注意力分配给自己的想法、行动或身体感觉（内部条件；人数 = 41）、听众的反应和评价（外部条件；人数 = 42）或中性对象（对照条件；人数 = 40）。结果虽然对照条件与外部条件和内部条件之间没有观察到差异，但与外部条件相比，内部条件下的参与者在演讲后立即报告的状态焦虑明显更高，24 小时后报告的 PEP 也更高。与外部条件相比，内部条件的参与者在演讲结束后立即表现出的状态焦虑介导了 24 小时后 PEP 的升高。结论研究结果支持了自我关注在维持 SAD 中的不良适应作用的理论，并表明尽管环境中存在社会评价威胁，但内部关注可能比外部关注更有害。
{"title":"Effects of Internal, External, and Neutral Attentional Allocation on Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety","authors":"Alexandra M. Adamis, Sarah C. Jessup, Bunmi O. Olatunji","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10521-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10521-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Excessive attentional allocation towards threats has been theorized to play a maintaining role in social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, it is unclear if both heightened attentional focus towards internal threats (i.e., interoceptive signals of anxiety) and external threats (i.e., negative social-evaluative cues) are pathogenic. Further, evidence for the causal pathways by which biased attention maintains SAD is limited. The present study tested the effects of experimentally induced internally and externally oriented attention towards threats relative to a neutral control on state anxiety and post-event processing (PEP) in a highly socially anxious sample.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>During an impromptu speech task, participants (<i>N</i> = 123) were randomized to allocating their attention to their own thoughts, actions, or body sensations (internal condition; <i>n</i> = 41), to an audience member’s reactions and evaluations (external condition; <i>n</i> = 42), or to a neutral object (control condition; <i>n</i> = 40). State anxiety and PEP were assessed immediately following the speech and 24 h later.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Although no differences between the control condition and the external and internal conditions were observed, participants in the internal condition reported significantly higher state anxiety immediately after the speech and higher PEP 24 h later compared to the external condition. State anxiety immediately after the speech mediated heightened PEP 24 h later among the internal condition compared to the external condition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Findings support the theorized maladaptive role of self-focused attention in the maintenance of SAD and suggest that attending internally may be more harmful than attending externally, despite the presence of socio-evaluative threats in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10522-9
Ting-Xun Li, Chi-Wen Liang
Background
Attentional bias modification (ABM) is a computerized treatment for anxiety. Most ABMs using a dot-probe task aim to direct anxious individuals’ attention away from threats. Recently, a new ABM approach using a visual search task (i.e., ABM-positive-search) has been developed to facilitate the allocation of attention toward positive stimuli. This study examined the efficacies of two versions of ABM-positive-search in socially anxious individuals.
Methods
Eighty-six participants were randomly assigned to the search positive in threat (SP-T; n = 28), search positive in neutral (SP-N; n = 29), or control training (CT) (n = 29) group. All participants completed four training sessions within two weeks. Attentional bias, attentional control, self-report social anxiety, and anxiety responses (i.e., subjective anxiety, psychophysiological reactivity, and gaze behavior) to the speech task were assessed pre-training and post-training.
Results
Results showed that ABM-positive-search trainings facilitated disengagement from threats compared to CT. Regardless of group, participants exhibited a reduction in attention allocation to negative feedback during speech. However, only SP-N increased attention allocation to positive feedback. Participants in three groups showed a decrease in subjective anxiety but no changes in psychophysiological reactivity to speech challenge from pre-training to post-training. ABM-positive-search trainings had no beneficial effects on attentional control or self-report social anxiety when compared with CT.
Conclusions
The findings do not support the efficacy of ABM-positive-search trainings for social anxiety.
{"title":"Eye-Tracking Based Visual Search Training in Social Anxiety: Effects on Attentional Bias, Attentional Control, Gaze Behavior, and Anxious Responses to a Speech Task","authors":"Ting-Xun Li, Chi-Wen Liang","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10522-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10522-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Attentional bias modification (ABM) is a computerized treatment for anxiety. Most ABMs using a dot-probe task aim to direct anxious individuals’ attention away from threats. Recently, a new ABM approach using a visual search task (i.e., ABM-positive-search) has been developed to facilitate the allocation of attention toward positive stimuli. This study examined the efficacies of two versions of ABM-positive-search in socially anxious individuals.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Eighty-six participants were randomly assigned to the search positive in threat (SP-T; <i>n</i> = 28), search positive in neutral (SP-N; <i>n</i> = 29), or control training (CT) (<i>n</i> = 29) group. All participants completed four training sessions within two weeks. Attentional bias, attentional control, self-report social anxiety, and anxiety responses (i.e., subjective anxiety, psychophysiological reactivity, and gaze behavior) to the speech task were assessed pre-training and post-training.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results showed that ABM-positive-search trainings facilitated disengagement from threats compared to CT. Regardless of group, participants exhibited a reduction in attention allocation to negative feedback during speech. However, only SP-N increased attention allocation to positive feedback. Participants in three groups showed a decrease in subjective anxiety but no changes in psychophysiological reactivity to speech challenge from pre-training to post-training. ABM-positive-search trainings had no beneficial effects on attentional control or self-report social anxiety when compared with CT.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The findings do not support the efficacy of ABM-positive-search trainings for social anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10518-5
Talia Shechter Strulov, Eva Gilboa-Schechtman, Idan M. Aderka
Background
Close relationships and especially romantic relationships are paramount to mental and physical health. Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) experience difficulties in forming romantic relationships.
Method
We examined explicit and implicit partner preferences of individuals with (n = 52) and without SAD (n = 52) in a lab-based task that simulates online dating applications.
Results
Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, individuals with SAD indicated their desire to meet others who were less attractive and less dominant compared to individuals without SAD. In addition, women swiped right in response to profile pictures that were more attractive and more dominant compared to men. Finally, discrepancies between explicit and implicit measures of partner preferences in attractiveness, dominance, and positivity were found.
Conclusions
Our findings expand the understanding of mating selection strategies in SAD and can inform therapeutic interventions for the disorder.
背景亲密关系，尤其是恋爱关系对身心健康至关重要。方法我们在一项模拟在线约会应用程序的实验室任务中，研究了患有社交焦虑症（SAD）和不患有社交焦虑症（SAD）的人（52 人）对伴侣的显性和隐性偏好。结果与我们预先登记的假设一致，患有社交焦虑症的人表示，与不患有社交焦虑症的人相比，他们希望结识吸引力较低、支配欲较弱的人。此外，与男性相比，女性在看到更具吸引力和更具支配力的个人资料图片时会向右滑动。结论我们的研究结果拓展了人们对 SAD 交配选择策略的理解，并可为该症的治疗干预提供参考。
{"title":"Out of My League: Dating Preferences of Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Talia Shechter Strulov, Eva Gilboa-Schechtman, Idan M. Aderka","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10518-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10518-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Close relationships and especially romantic relationships are paramount to mental and physical health. Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) experience difficulties in forming romantic relationships.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>We examined explicit and implicit partner preferences of individuals with (<i>n</i> = 52) and without SAD (<i>n</i> = 52) in a lab-based task that simulates online dating applications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, individuals with SAD indicated their desire to meet others who were less attractive and less dominant compared to individuals without SAD. In addition, women swiped right in response to profile pictures that were more attractive and more dominant compared to men. Finally, discrepancies between explicit and implicit measures of partner preferences in attractiveness, dominance, and positivity were found.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings expand the understanding of mating selection strategies in SAD and can inform therapeutic interventions for the disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141884605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10516-7
Ana Rabasco, Gemma T. Wallace, Margaret Andover
Background
Suicide is a significant public health concern; therefore, it is essential to develop interventions that effectively target suicidality and can be easily implemented with high-risk populations. This pilot randomized controlled trial investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a brief, daily, text-based mindfulness intervention (Mind-REST) targeting suicidality, as compared with a sham mindfulness control condition. A secondary aim was to examine potential differences in suicidal ideation within and between groups over the course of the study.
Methods
Participants included 82 adults with recent suicidal ideation or behaviors who completed 14 days of mindfulness or sham-mindfulness exercises, along with a daily diary survey each evening. Participants also completed a post-intervention survey and a one-month follow-up survey.
Results
Mind-REST was shown to be feasible and acceptable, as evidenced by high study completion and intervention compliance rates (88% and 89%, respectively) and positive participant feedback. There were greater reductions in suicidal ideation severity for participants in the Mind-REST condition compared with the control condition across post-intervention and follow-up, but not on a daily level.
Conclusions
Mind-REST demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in reducing suicidal ideation; however, a larger trial is needed to fully examine the efficacy of the intervention.
{"title":"Mindfulness for Reducing Everyday Suicidal Thoughts (Mind-REST): A Daily Mindfulness Intervention for Adults with Suicidal Ideation","authors":"Ana Rabasco, Gemma T. Wallace, Margaret Andover","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10516-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10516-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Suicide is a significant public health concern; therefore, it is essential to develop interventions that effectively target suicidality and can be easily implemented with high-risk populations. This pilot randomized controlled trial investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a brief, daily, text-based mindfulness intervention (Mind-REST) targeting suicidality, as compared with a sham mindfulness control condition. A secondary aim was to examine potential differences in suicidal ideation within and between groups over the course of the study.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Participants included 82 adults with recent suicidal ideation or behaviors who completed 14 days of mindfulness or sham-mindfulness exercises, along with a daily diary survey each evening. Participants also completed a post-intervention survey and a one-month follow-up survey.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Mind-REST was shown to be feasible and acceptable, as evidenced by high study completion and intervention compliance rates (88% and 89%, respectively) and positive participant feedback. There were greater reductions in suicidal ideation severity for participants in the Mind-REST condition compared with the control condition across post-intervention and follow-up, but not on a daily level.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Mind-REST demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in reducing suicidal ideation; however, a larger trial is needed to fully examine the efficacy of the intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10510-z
Nadine R. Taghian, E. Marie Parsons, Hayley E. Fitzgerald, Michael J. Zvolensky, Eugenia I. Gorlin, Stacey Doan, Michael W. Otto
Background
Lower socio-economic status (SES) is associated with experiencing a greater number of life stressors and increased risk for depression. This study investigated two factors for adaptive coping—working memory capacity (WMC) and distress intolerance (DI)—as moderators of the association between frequency of stressful life events and depressed mood, controlling for age and gender. We hypothesized that lower WMC and greater DI, alone and in interaction with each other, would moderate the association between the frequency of stressful life events and depression.
Methods
Our sample included 82 adolescents (M = 14 years) recruited from youth mentorship programs, charter schools, and youth community centers. A majority being female (54.9%) and reported their race and/or ethnicity as Other race/Hispanic (43.9%), and Black/non-Hispanic (30.5%). Participants completed self-report measures of stressful life events, depression, DI, and a behavioral measure of WMC.
Results
Results showed a statistically significant main effect of self-reported DI predicting depression (p < .001), such that higher DI scores were associated with higher levels of depression.
Conclusions
Our findings join broader literature indicating that DI is an important regulatory process that may be a useful mechanistic target to enhance emotional functioning, especially among racially/ethnically diverse adolescents from low SES neighborhoods, a relatively understudied population.
{"title":"Stressful Life Events and Depression in Adolescents from Low-Income Neighborhoods: An Investigation of the Role of Working Memory Capacity and Distress Intolerance","authors":"Nadine R. Taghian, E. Marie Parsons, Hayley E. Fitzgerald, Michael J. Zvolensky, Eugenia I. Gorlin, Stacey Doan, Michael W. Otto","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10510-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10510-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Lower socio-economic status (SES) is associated with experiencing a greater number of life stressors and increased risk for depression. This study investigated two factors for adaptive coping—working memory capacity (WMC) and distress intolerance (DI)—as moderators of the association between frequency of stressful life events and depressed mood, controlling for age and gender. We hypothesized that lower WMC and greater DI, alone and in interaction with each other, would moderate the association between the frequency of stressful life events and depression.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Our sample included 82 adolescents (<i>M</i> = 14 years) recruited from youth mentorship programs, charter schools, and youth community centers. A majority being female (54.9%) and reported their race and/or ethnicity as Other race/Hispanic (43.9%), and Black/non-Hispanic (30.5%). Participants completed self-report measures of stressful life events, depression, DI, and a behavioral measure of WMC.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results showed a statistically significant main effect of self-reported DI predicting depression (<i>p</i> < .001), such that higher DI scores were associated with higher levels of depression.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings join broader literature indicating that DI is an important regulatory process that may be a useful mechanistic target to enhance emotional functioning, especially among racially/ethnically diverse adolescents from low SES neighborhoods, a relatively understudied population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10517-6
Jana Bommer, Brian Schwartz, Christine Klein, Jan Rupp, Alexander Katalinic, Nele Assmann, Max Borsche, Alexander Balck, Bandik Föh, Wolfgang Lutz, Jan P. Klein
Background
The network theory of mental disorders asserts the pivotal role of feedback loops in psychopathology. We investigated intra-individual dynamics and potential feedback loops in psychological networks and their association with long-term outcomes.
Methods
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, data from a population-based cohort (N = 2029) were collected every three days for six months on well-being, worries, fatigue, sleep quality, social integration, and activity. Subgrouping—Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation -was used to estimate networks of time-series data on the individual, subgroup, and group levels. Subgroup networks were compared and associations of subgroup membership with sociodemographic and health status variables at baseline and outcomes at follow-up were examined.
Results
Despite the large heterogeneity between individuals, a potential feedback loop involving sleep quality, fatigue and well-being was identified. Furthermore, two subgroups were identified, whereby the edges of the potential feedback loop were more present in Subgroup 1 than in Subgroup 2. Membership to Subgroup 1 was associated with lower education and fewer people aged over 60 in their household at baseline as well as poorer well-being, more worries, and more frequent and earlier COVID-19 diagnoses at follow-up.
Conclusions
The identified feedback loop might indeed represent a vicious cycle and thus contribute to the development of psychopathology. However, limitations such as the limited measurement density made it difficult to find temporal associations and call for a cautious interpretation of results.
{"title":"A Vicious Cycle? Group-Level Analysis of Intra-Individual Dynamics in Mental Health Variables","authors":"Jana Bommer, Brian Schwartz, Christine Klein, Jan Rupp, Alexander Katalinic, Nele Assmann, Max Borsche, Alexander Balck, Bandik Föh, Wolfgang Lutz, Jan P. Klein","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10517-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10517-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The network theory of mental disorders asserts the pivotal role of feedback loops in psychopathology. We investigated intra-individual dynamics and potential feedback loops in psychological networks and their association with long-term outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, data from a population-based cohort (<i>N</i> = 2029) were collected every three days for six months on well-being, worries, fatigue, sleep quality, social integration, and activity. Subgrouping—Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation -was used to estimate networks of time-series data on the individual, subgroup, and group levels. Subgroup networks were compared and associations of subgroup membership with sociodemographic and health status variables at baseline and outcomes at follow-up were examined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Despite the large heterogeneity between individuals, a potential feedback loop involving sleep quality, fatigue and well-being was identified. Furthermore, two subgroups were identified, whereby the edges of the potential feedback loop were more present in Subgroup 1 than in Subgroup 2. Membership to Subgroup 1 was associated with lower education and fewer people aged over 60 in their household at baseline as well as poorer well-being, more worries, and more frequent and earlier COVID-19 diagnoses at follow-up.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The identified feedback loop might indeed represent a vicious cycle and thus contribute to the development of psychopathology. However, limitations such as the limited measurement density made it difficult to find temporal associations and call for a cautious interpretation of results.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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