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Governing complex externalities: property rights for sharing radio spectrum 管理复杂的外部性:共享无线电频谱的产权
IF 1.6 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01108-2
Thomas W. Hazlett, Ali F. Palida, Martin B. H. Weiss

Radio spectrum has become central to technological progress and economic growth. While, command-and-control regulatory institutions of the early twentieth century were considered necessary to counter endemic market failure, recent regulatory reform towards a market regime with flexible licensing creates an interesting environment for examining how complex externalities are managed by private contracting in decentralized systems. We present empirical evidence suggesting that adoption of a more “Coasean” policy regime in radio was followed by far more crowded wireless markets than were formed under rigid administrative structures. This is observed by contrasting pre-cellular mobile phone system outcomes in the U.S. (1946–1978) with the later evolution of cellular networks (1983–2015). The cellular marketplace exhibits exceedingly more complicated network coordination under liberalized property ownership rules. We nest our empirical findings within a conceptual framework derived from theoretical literature on property rights.

无线电频谱已成为技术进步和经济增长的核心。虽然二十世纪早期的命令和控制监管机构被认为是对付地方性市场失灵的必要条件,但最近对具有灵活许可的市场制度的监管改革创造了一个有趣的环境,可用于研究分散系统中私人承包如何管理复杂的外部性。我们提出的经验证据表明,在无线电领域采用更“Coasean”的政策制度之后,无线电市场的拥挤程度远远超过在严格的行政结构下形成的市场。这是通过对比美国(1946-1978)的前蜂窝移动电话系统结果与蜂窝网络的后期发展(1983-2015)来观察到的。在自由产权规则下,蜂窝市场表现出极其复杂的网络协调。我们将我们的实证研究结果置于一个源自产权理论文献的概念框架中。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional stickiness and Afghanistan’s unending revolution 制度的粘性和阿富汗无休止的革命
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01119-z
Tariq Basir, Ilia Murtazashvili, Jennifer Brick Murtazashvili
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引用次数: 0
Why cronies don’t cry? IMF programs, Chinese lending, and leader survival 为什么密友不哭?国际货币基金组织的项目,中国的贷款,以及领导人的生存
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01114-4
Andreas Kern, Bernhard Reinsberg, Patrick E. Shea
Abstract Many countries in the Global South have increased their exposure to Chinese debt in recent years. With the COVID-19 pandemic and the US interest rate hike, many countries have struggled to meet their debt repayment obligations. As a result, they have turned to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for emergency assistance. We argue that the involvement of the Fund wipes out much of the political benefits of China loans for executive leaders of borrowing countries. IMF conditionality requires countries to increase fiscal transparency, which threatens the viability of kickback schemes and increases the likelihood that corrupt leaders will be called out on their misdealing. As a result, we expect corrupt leaders with China debt to leave office earlier when they try to address debt defaults with IMF loans than when they avoid them. Using survival analysis on a dataset of 115 developing countries between 2000 to 2015, we find that leaders indebted to China that go under an IMF program leave office earlier compared to when they do not go under an IMF program. In line with our argument, this effect is strongest in more corrupt regimes. Our argument and analysis contribute to understanding international finance’s political economy, specifically how mixing creditors can be politically risky for leaders.
近年来,许多全球南方国家增加了对中国债务的敞口。随着新冠肺炎疫情和美国加息,许多国家难以履行债务偿还义务。因此,他们向国际货币基金组织(货币基金组织)寻求紧急援助。我们认为,imf的介入抹去了中国贷款给借款国行政领导人带来的许多政治利益。IMF的附加条件要求各国提高财政透明度,这威胁到回扣计划的可行性,并增加了腐败领导人因不当行为而被追究责任的可能性。因此,我们预计背负中国债务的腐败领导人在试图解决IMF贷款债务违约问题时,会比在避免债务违约时更早卸任。通过对2000年至2015年间115个发展中国家的数据集进行生存分析,我们发现,与没有接受IMF计划的领导人相比,接受IMF计划的欠中国领导人离职时间更早。与我们的论点一致,这种影响在更腐败的政权中最为强烈。我们的论点和分析有助于理解国际金融的政治经济学,特别是混合债权人如何给领导人带来政治风险。
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引用次数: 0
Economic growth before and after the fiscal stimulus of 2008–2009: the role of institutional quality and government size 2008-2009年财政刺激前后的经济增长:制度质量和政府规模的作用
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01121-5
Andre Varella Mollick, Andre Coelho Vianna
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引用次数: 0
Political and racial neighborhood sorting: How is it changing? 政治和种族社区分类:它是如何变化的?
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01120-6
Keith Ihlanfeldt, Cynthia Fan Yang
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引用次数: 0
The impacts of political uncertainty on public financing costs: evidence from anti-corruption investigations in China 政治不确定性对公共融资成本的影响:来自中国反腐败调查的证据
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01111-7
Haoyu Gao, Fukang Chen, Yiling Ouyang
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引用次数: 0
Failed secular revolutions: religious belief, competition, and extremism 失败的世俗革命:宗教信仰、竞争和极端主义
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01112-6
Jean-Paul Carvalho, Jared Rubin, Michael Sacks
Abstract All advanced economies have undergone secular revolutions in which religious belief and institutions have been subordinated to secular forms of authority. There are, however, numerous examples of failed secular transitions. To understand these failures, we present a religious club model with endogenous entry and cultural transmission of religious beliefs. A spike in the demand for religious belief, due for example to a negative economic shock, induces a new and more extreme organization to enter the religious market and exploit the dissatisfaction of highly religious types with the religious incumbent. The effect is larger where institutional secularization is more advanced, for example where the religious establishment has moderated itself or has been moderated by the political authority. The greater the moderation of the religious incumbent, the more extreme is the position chosen by the religious entrant, and the larger is the rise in religious participation. Hence, unanticipated shifts in religious demand can lead to the emergence of new and more extreme religious organizations and reverse previous trends toward secularization. Our model sheds light on the causes and consequences of failed secular revolutions and religious revivals in Latin America and Egypt.
所有发达经济体都经历了世俗革命,其中宗教信仰和制度从属于世俗形式的权威。然而,长期转型失败的例子数不胜数。为了理解这些失败,我们提出了一个具有宗教信仰内生性进入和文化传播的宗教俱乐部模型。对宗教信仰的需求激增,例如由于负面的经济冲击,诱使一个新的和更极端的组织进入宗教市场,并利用高度宗教类型对宗教现任者的不满。在机构世俗化程度较高的地方,这种影响更大,例如,在宗教机构自我缓和或被政治当局缓和的地方。宗教在位者的温和程度越高,宗教进入者选择的立场就越极端,宗教参与的上升幅度就越大。因此,宗教需求的意外变化可能导致新的和更极端的宗教组织的出现,并扭转先前的世俗化趋势。我们的模型揭示了拉丁美洲和埃及世俗革命和宗教复兴失败的原因和后果。
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引用次数: 0
Complex externalities, pandemics, and public choice 复杂的外部性、流行病和公共选择
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01104-6
Ilia Murtazashvili, Yang Zhou
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory capture in a resource boom 资源繁荣中的监管俘获
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01113-5
Timothy Fitzgerald
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引用次数: 0
Road maintenance over the local election cycle 在地方选举期间修路
3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01115-3
Margaret Bock, Benjamin Blemings
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引用次数: 0
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Public Choice
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