Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01102-8
Emanuel Wittberg, Mihály Fazekas
{"title":"Firm performance, imperfect competition, and corruption risks in procurement: evidence from Swedish municipalities","authors":"Emanuel Wittberg, Mihály Fazekas","doi":"10.1007/s11127-023-01102-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-023-01102-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48322,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice","volume":"197 1","pages":"227 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44862657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01103-7
R. Lahkar, Rezina Sultana
{"title":"Rent dissipation in large population Tullock contests","authors":"R. Lahkar, Rezina Sultana","doi":"10.1007/s11127-023-01103-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-023-01103-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48322,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice","volume":"197 1","pages":"253 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43228044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01100-w
Phillip W. Magness, Art Carden, I. Murtazashvili
{"title":"Gordon Tullock and the economics of slavery","authors":"Phillip W. Magness, Art Carden, I. Murtazashvili","doi":"10.1007/s11127-023-01100-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-023-01100-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48322,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice","volume":"197 1","pages":"185 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45635267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01097-2
Fabio Motoki, Valdemar Pinho Neto, Victor Rodrigues
Abstract We investigate the political bias of a large language model (LLM), ChatGPT, which has become popular for retrieving factual information and generating content. Although ChatGPT assures that it is impartial, the literature suggests that LLMs exhibit bias involving race, gender, religion, and political orientation. Political bias in LLMs can have adverse political and electoral consequences similar to bias from traditional and social media. Moreover, political bias can be harder to detect and eradicate than gender or racial bias. We propose a novel empirical design to infer whether ChatGPT has political biases by requesting it to impersonate someone from a given side of the political spectrum and comparing these answers with its default. We also propose dose-response, placebo, and profession-politics alignment robustness tests. To reduce concerns about the randomness of the generated text, we collect answers to the same questions 100 times, with question order randomized on each round. We find robust evidence that ChatGPT presents a significant and systematic political bias toward the Democrats in the US, Lula in Brazil, and the Labour Party in the UK. These results translate into real concerns that ChatGPT, and LLMs in general, can extend or even amplify the existing challenges involving political processes posed by the Internet and social media. Our findings have important implications for policymakers, media, politics, and academia stakeholders.
{"title":"More human than human: measuring ChatGPT political bias","authors":"Fabio Motoki, Valdemar Pinho Neto, Victor Rodrigues","doi":"10.1007/s11127-023-01097-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-023-01097-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigate the political bias of a large language model (LLM), ChatGPT, which has become popular for retrieving factual information and generating content. Although ChatGPT assures that it is impartial, the literature suggests that LLMs exhibit bias involving race, gender, religion, and political orientation. Political bias in LLMs can have adverse political and electoral consequences similar to bias from traditional and social media. Moreover, political bias can be harder to detect and eradicate than gender or racial bias. We propose a novel empirical design to infer whether ChatGPT has political biases by requesting it to impersonate someone from a given side of the political spectrum and comparing these answers with its default. We also propose dose-response, placebo, and profession-politics alignment robustness tests. To reduce concerns about the randomness of the generated text, we collect answers to the same questions 100 times, with question order randomized on each round. We find robust evidence that ChatGPT presents a significant and systematic political bias toward the Democrats in the US, Lula in Brazil, and the Labour Party in the UK. These results translate into real concerns that ChatGPT, and LLMs in general, can extend or even amplify the existing challenges involving political processes posed by the Internet and social media. Our findings have important implications for policymakers, media, politics, and academia stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":48322,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01096-3
V. Maltsev
{"title":"Religious reforms and large-scale rebellions (via the case of the Honganji sect of the True Pure Land Buddhism)","authors":"V. Maltsev","doi":"10.1007/s11127-023-01096-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-023-01096-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48322,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47408723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01090-9
E. Stringham
{"title":"Banking regulation got you down? The rise of fintech and cryptointermediation in Africa","authors":"E. Stringham","doi":"10.1007/s11127-023-01090-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-023-01090-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48322,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44662223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01085-6
Yaguang Zhang, Sitian Yu, Shenmin Zhang
{"title":"The political economy of imperial power successions in ancient China","authors":"Yaguang Zhang, Sitian Yu, Shenmin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11127-023-01085-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-023-01085-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48322,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice","volume":"197 1","pages":"137 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49305310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：