Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0420-10824r2
Georg Graetz, Björn Öckert, O. N. Skans
{"title":"Parental Education and the Responses to Higher SAT Scores","authors":"Georg Graetz, Björn Öckert, O. N. Skans","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0420-10824r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0420-10824r2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77806146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1220-11385r1
Aparna Soni, Erdal Tekin
Abstract
Over the past four decades, mass shootings have caused at least 1,000 deaths and 1,500 injuries in the US, but little is known about how these tragedies influence people beyond those directly affected. This study uses nationally representative data from the Gallup-Healthways survey to assess spillover effects of mass shootings on individuals’ community and emotional wellbeing. Leveraging differences in the timing of mass shootings across counties between 2008-2016, we find that these incidents reduce community and emotional wellbeing for at least three months post-shooting. Mass shootings have high societal costs and create adverse effects that extend beyond those immediately exposed.
{"title":"How Do Mass Shootings Affect Community Wellbeing?","authors":"Aparna Soni, Erdal Tekin","doi":"10.3368/jhr.1220-11385r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1220-11385r1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Over the past four decades, mass shootings have caused at least 1,000 deaths and 1,500 injuries in the US, but little is known about how these tragedies influence people beyond those directly affected. This study uses nationally representative data from the Gallup-Healthways survey to assess spillover effects of mass shootings on individuals’ community and emotional wellbeing. Leveraging differences in the timing of mass shootings across counties between 2008-2016, we find that these incidents reduce community and emotional wellbeing for at least three months post-shooting. Mass shootings have high societal costs and create adverse effects that extend beyond those immediately exposed.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1021-11986r1
Janet Currie, E. Zwiers
{"title":"Medication of Postpartum Depression and Maternal Outcomes","authors":"Janet Currie, E. Zwiers","doi":"10.3368/jhr.1021-11986r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1021-11986r1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87141251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1021-11963r2
Nabaneeta Biswas, C. Cornwell, Lori Zimmermann
{"title":"The Power of Lakshmi","authors":"Nabaneeta Biswas, C. Cornwell, Lori Zimmermann","doi":"10.3368/jhr.1021-11963r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1021-11963r2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84802293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0421-11603r4
Elizaveta Perova, Sarah Reynolds, Ian Schmutte
Abstract
Greater gender equality in wages may reduce Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) by improving women’s economic opportunities and enabling them to leave abusive relationships. On the other hand, increases in women’s income may trigger use of violence as an extractive mechanism or as an alternative way to assert superiority for men once economic superiority was challenged. Using panel data from Brazil, we test if the gender wage ratio influences IPV as measured in three types of administrative data: homicides, overnight hospitalizations for assault, and mandatory reports of IPV by health care providers. More wage equality leads to a reduction in violence against women in settings where income is likely to be a binding constraint for leaving abusive relationship: in low-income settings and among younger women.
{"title":"Does the Gender Wage Gap Influence Intimate Partner Violence in Brazil?","authors":"Elizaveta Perova, Sarah Reynolds, Ian Schmutte","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0421-11603r4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0421-11603r4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Greater gender equality in wages may reduce Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) by improving women’s economic opportunities and enabling them to leave abusive relationships. On the other hand, increases in women’s income may trigger use of violence as an extractive mechanism or as an alternative way to assert superiority for men once economic superiority was challenged. Using panel data from Brazil, we test if the gender wage ratio influences IPV as measured in three types of administrative data: homicides, overnight hospitalizations for assault, and mandatory reports of IPV by health care providers. More wage equality leads to a reduction in violence against women in settings where income is likely to be a binding constraint for leaving abusive relationship: in low-income settings and among younger women.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135558221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1220-11359r2
Celeste K. Carruthers, W. Fox, Christopher Jepsen
{"title":"What Knox Achieved","authors":"Celeste K. Carruthers, W. Fox, Christopher Jepsen","doi":"10.3368/jhr.1220-11359r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1220-11359r2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85864438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0621-11739r1
J. Rossiter, M. Abreh, Aisha Ali, J. Sandefur
Each year two million secondary-school students across West Africa sit coordinated exams. Pass rates fluctuate enormously, fueling speculation about cheating and short-term policy changes. To investigate these hypotheses, we construct hybrid exams containing items spanning 2011-2019 and administer these to 4,380 students. Exam difficulty alone explains 80 percent of pass rate fluctuations in Ghana, while additional factors remain influential in Nigeria and elsewhere. Half of the candidates who failed mathematics in 2015 would have passed in 2019. Model based estimates imply that improving exam comparability would increase the Mincerian return to skills among secondary school graduates by 6 percentage points. JEL Classification: I25, I26, J24, O15, O55 * Jack Rossiter, Center for Global Development (jrossiter@cgdev.org). Might Kojo Abreh, Institute for Educational Planning and Administration, University of Cape Coast. Aisha Ali, Center for Global Development. Justin Sandefur, Center for Global Development. The data used in this article are available online: Rossiter et al. 2023. "Replication Data for: The High Stakes of Bad Exams". Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VM5BOQ. Our particular thanks to Francis Amedahe and seminar participants from the West African Exams Council. We thank Abdel Fuseini, Allan Barku, Baaba Sampson, Clemence Ayekple, Cyprian Ekow, Francis Ansah, James Amoateng, and Rita Denning who provided excellent research support. We also thank Abhijeet Singh, Alexis Le Nestour, Barbara Bruns, Caine Rolleston, Newman Burdett, William Smith, and anonymous referees for their helpful comments. The views expressed here should not be attributed to the Center for Global Development, the Institute for Educational Planning and Administration, or their funders. All errors are our own. This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number OPP1198125]. Other support summing to $10,000 in the past three years: Rossiter, Asian Development Bank, Echidna Giving, UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; Abreh, none; Ali, none; Sandefur, Asian Development Bank, Centre for Effective Altruism, Echidna Giving, UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Pousaz Philanthropies, World Bank Group. No party had the right to review the paper prior to its circulation. IRB approval: University of Cape Coast Institutional Review Board, UCCIRB/EXT/2019/37. doi:10.3368/jhr.0621-11739R1 This open access article is distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) and is freely available online at: http://jhr.uwpress.org by g ue st o n Ju ly 1 8, 2 02 3. C op yr ig ht 2 02 3 D ow nl oa de d fr om
西非每年有200万名中学生参加协调考试。通过率波动很大，引发了对作弊和短期政策变化的猜测。为了调查这些假设，我们构建了包含2011-2019年项目的混合考试，并对4380名学生进行了管理。考试难度本身就解释了加纳80%的通过率波动，而其他因素在尼日利亚和其他地方仍然有影响。2015年数学考试不及格的考生中，有一半会在2019年通过考试。基于模型的估计表明，提高考试的可比性将使中学毕业生的技能回报率提高6个百分点。JEL分类:I25, I26, J24, O15, O55 * Jack Rossiter，全球发展中心(jrossiter@cgdev.org)。海岸角大学教育规划与管理研究所的may Kojo Abreh说。艾莎·阿里，全球发展中心。Justin Sandefur，全球发展中心。本文使用的数据可在网上获得:Rossiter et al. 2023。“复制数据:糟糕考试的高风险”。哈佛Dataverse。https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VM5BOQ。我们特别感谢西非考试委员会的Francis Amedahe和研讨会参与者。我们感谢Abdel Fuseini, Allan Barku, Baaba Sampson, Clemence Ayekple, Cyprian Ekow, Francis Ansah, James Amoateng和Rita Denning提供了出色的研究支持。我们还要感谢Abhijeet Singh、Alexis Le Nestour、Barbara Bruns、Caine Rolleston、Newman Burdett、William Smith和匿名裁判提供的有益意见。这里表达的观点不应归功于全球发展中心、教育规划与管理研究所或它们的资助者。所有的错误都是我们自己的。这项工作得到了比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会的支持，西雅图，WA[授权号OPP1198125]。在过去三年中，其他资助总额达1万美元的机构有:Rossiter、亚洲开发银行、Echidna Giving、英国外交、联邦和发展部;Abreh,没有;阿里,没有;Sandefur，亚洲开发银行，有效利他主义中心，Echidna Giving，英国外交、联邦和发展办公室，Pousaz Philanthropies，世界银行集团。在文件分发之前，任何一方都无权对其进行审查。IRB批准:海岸角大学机构审查委员会，UCCIRB/EXT/2019/37。doi: 10.3368 / jhr。这篇开放获取的文章是在CC-BY-NC-ND许可(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)的条款下发布的，并且可以在http://jhr.uwpress.org上免费获得。C:我的天哪，我的天哪，我的天哪
{"title":"The High Stakes of Bad Exams","authors":"J. Rossiter, M. Abreh, Aisha Ali, J. Sandefur","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0621-11739r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0621-11739r1","url":null,"abstract":"Each year two million secondary-school students across West Africa sit coordinated exams. Pass rates fluctuate enormously, fueling speculation about cheating and short-term policy changes. To investigate these hypotheses, we construct hybrid exams containing items spanning 2011-2019 and administer these to 4,380 students. Exam difficulty alone explains 80 percent of pass rate fluctuations in Ghana, while additional factors remain influential in Nigeria and elsewhere. Half of the candidates who failed mathematics in 2015 would have passed in 2019. Model based estimates imply that improving exam comparability would increase the Mincerian return to skills among secondary school graduates by 6 percentage points. JEL Classification: I25, I26, J24, O15, O55 * Jack Rossiter, Center for Global Development (jrossiter@cgdev.org). Might Kojo Abreh, Institute for Educational Planning and Administration, University of Cape Coast. Aisha Ali, Center for Global Development. Justin Sandefur, Center for Global Development. The data used in this article are available online: Rossiter et al. 2023. \"Replication Data for: The High Stakes of Bad Exams\". Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VM5BOQ. Our particular thanks to Francis Amedahe and seminar participants from the West African Exams Council. We thank Abdel Fuseini, Allan Barku, Baaba Sampson, Clemence Ayekple, Cyprian Ekow, Francis Ansah, James Amoateng, and Rita Denning who provided excellent research support. We also thank Abhijeet Singh, Alexis Le Nestour, Barbara Bruns, Caine Rolleston, Newman Burdett, William Smith, and anonymous referees for their helpful comments. The views expressed here should not be attributed to the Center for Global Development, the Institute for Educational Planning and Administration, or their funders. All errors are our own. This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number OPP1198125]. Other support summing to $10,000 in the past three years: Rossiter, Asian Development Bank, Echidna Giving, UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; Abreh, none; Ali, none; Sandefur, Asian Development Bank, Centre for Effective Altruism, Echidna Giving, UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Pousaz Philanthropies, World Bank Group. No party had the right to review the paper prior to its circulation. IRB approval: University of Cape Coast Institutional Review Board, UCCIRB/EXT/2019/37. doi:10.3368/jhr.0621-11739R1 This open access article is distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) and is freely available online at: http://jhr.uwpress.org by g ue st o n Ju ly 1 8, 2 02 3. C op yr ig ht 2 02 3 D ow nl oa de d fr om","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85134463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1120-11342r1
Mark Mitchell, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter, Alan Sánchez
Abstract
We estimate a dynamic model of socio-emotional skill development between ages 8-22 for a Peruvian cohort born in 1994. At age eight there is no wealth gradient, in contrast to cognitive skills. However, by age 12 inequalities emerge and widen through age 19, driven by differential household investments, and cross-productivity with cognitive skills. In early adulthood, we separate socio-emotional skills into two distinct domains – social skills and task effectiveness – that evolve differently, and are differently correlated with risky behaviors such as smoking or taking drugs. Unequal initial household resources perpetuate inequality across generations through cognitive and task effectiveness skills.
{"title":"Human Capital Development","authors":"Mark Mitchell, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter, Alan Sánchez","doi":"10.3368/jhr.1120-11342r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1120-11342r1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> We estimate a dynamic model of socio-emotional skill development between ages 8-22 for a Peruvian cohort born in 1994. At age eight there is no wealth gradient, in contrast to cognitive skills. However, by age 12 inequalities emerge and widen through age 19, driven by differential household investments, and cross-productivity with cognitive skills. In early adulthood, we separate socio-emotional skills into two distinct domains – social skills and task effectiveness – that evolve differently, and are differently correlated with risky behaviors such as smoking or taking drugs. Unequal initial household resources perpetuate inequality across generations through cognitive and task effectiveness skills.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0721-11759r1
Adi Shany
{"title":"Too Scared for School? Effects of Terrorism on Students’ Achievement","authors":"Adi Shany","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0721-11759r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0721-11759r1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81236515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0722-12422r1
M. Topper
{"title":"The Effect of Fraternity Moratoriums on Alcohol Offenses and Sexual Assaults","authors":"M. Topper","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0722-12422r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0722-12422r1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77199749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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