Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0321-11557r1
Orla Doyle
Many early intervention studies experience a dissolution of treatment effects in the aftermath of the intervention. Using a randomized trial, this paper examines the impact of Preparing for Life, a pregnancy to age five home visiting and parenting program, on outcomes in middle childhood. I find significant treatment effects on cognitive skills (0.55SD) and school achievement tests (0.30-0.54SD) at age nine. There is no impact on socio-emotional skills and there is little evidence of treatment heterogeneity by gender, birth order, or distribution of ability. The effects are mainly driven by improvements in early parental beliefs.
{"title":"Can Early Intervention have a Sustained Effect on Human Capital?","authors":"Orla Doyle","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0321-11557r1","DOIUrl":"10.3368/jhr.0321-11557r1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many early intervention studies experience a dissolution of treatment effects in the aftermath of the intervention. Using a randomized trial, this paper examines the impact of Preparing for Life, a pregnancy to age five home visiting and parenting program, on outcomes in middle childhood. I find significant treatment effects on cognitive skills (0.55SD) and school achievement tests (0.30-0.54SD) at age nine. There is no impact on socio-emotional skills and there is little evidence of treatment heterogeneity by gender, birth order, or distribution of ability. The effects are mainly driven by improvements in early parental beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89646036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0822-12475r5
Lin Zhang
{"title":"Longer Time for School: The 1981 Marriage Law and Rural Female Education in China","authors":"Lin Zhang","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0822-12475r5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0822-12475r5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0720-11019R2
Emily K Weisburst
Police discretion has large potential consequences for public trust and safety; however, little is known about the extent of this discretion. I show that arrests critically depend on which officer responds to a 911 call; 1 standard deviation increase in officer arrest propensity raises arrest likelihood by 40%. High arrest officers are more likely to be white and have less experience. I find mixed evidence that arrest propensity is related to arrest quality. High arrest officers use force more often and make more low-level arrests, while they also have a higher share of low-level arrests that result in conviction.
{"title":"\"Whose help is on the way?\": The importance of individual police officers in law enforcement outcomes.","authors":"Emily K Weisburst","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0720-11019R2","DOIUrl":"10.3368/jhr.0720-11019R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Police discretion has large potential consequences for public trust and safety; however, little is known about the extent of this discretion. I show that arrests critically depend on which officer responds to a 911 call; 1 standard deviation increase in officer arrest propensity raises arrest likelihood by 40%. High arrest officers are more likely to be white and have less experience. I find mixed evidence that arrest propensity is related to arrest quality. High arrest officers use force more often and make more low-level arrests, while they also have a higher share of low-level arrests that result in conviction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84365396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0922-12535r3
S. Signorelli
In recent years Western countries are expressing growing concerns about the regulation of migration flows and many are considering adopting some form of selective immigration policy. This paper analyzes the labor market effects of one of such reforms introduced in France in 2008 with the aim of encouraging the inflow of foreign workers with skills that are scarce among the local labor force. The analysis relies on administrative employer-employee data and it is based on a difference-in-differences approach. Results show that the reform increased the hiring of foreign workers in target occupations without causing any harm to native employment. As a result, the overall stock of labor grew in these jobs. Entry wages are lowered by 4% among natives and by 9% among foreigners, suggesting that these two groups may not be perfect substitutes, even when they are employed for the exact same task. Yet, the negative pressure on salaries seems to disappear after the first three years, as opposed to the positive impact on employment. The effects are stronger for the occupations with the most severe lack of native candidates and for those with an average salary largely above the minimum wage, indicating that the reform was successful in attracting candidates with rare skills and relatively high productivity. JEL Classification: J61, J62, J63
{"title":"Do Skilled Migrants Compete with Native Workers?","authors":"S. Signorelli","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0922-12535r3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0922-12535r3","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years Western countries are expressing growing concerns about the regulation of migration flows and many are considering adopting some form of selective immigration policy. This paper analyzes the labor market effects of one of such reforms introduced in France in 2008 with the aim of encouraging the inflow of foreign workers with skills that are scarce among the local labor force. The analysis relies on administrative employer-employee data and it is based on a difference-in-differences approach. Results show that the reform increased the hiring of foreign workers in target occupations without causing any harm to native employment. As a result, the overall stock of labor grew in these jobs. Entry wages are lowered by 4% among natives and by 9% among foreigners, suggesting that these two groups may not be perfect substitutes, even when they are employed for the exact same task. Yet, the negative pressure on salaries seems to disappear after the first three years, as opposed to the positive impact on employment. The effects are stronger for the occupations with the most severe lack of native candidates and for those with an average salary largely above the minimum wage, indicating that the reform was successful in attracting candidates with rare skills and relatively high productivity. JEL Classification: J61, J62, J63","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0523-12901r2
Ricardo Estrada, María Lombardi
This paper studies the impact of high dismissal protection on bureaucratic turnover and productivity in the context of public school teachers in Chile. We take advantage of a law that required education administrators to grant a permanent contract to temporary teachers with a minimum seniority and implement a difference-in-differences strategy comparing eligible and ineligible teachers. We find that high dismissal protection reduces turnover by 25 percent in the first two years. The reduction is only statistically significant among teachers at the bottom and top of the distribution of baseline performance. We then examine the impact on teacher productivity and find a significant decline in the learning of students taught by teachers with low baseline performance. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that high dismissal protection can be a double-edged sword. It can help to retain high-performing employees, but at the cost of making it more difficult to separate and motivate low-performing employees. JEL Classifications: I28, J45, M55
{"title":"The Effect of High Dismissal Protection on Bureaucratic Turnover and Productivity","authors":"Ricardo Estrada, María Lombardi","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0523-12901r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0523-12901r2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the impact of high dismissal protection on bureaucratic turnover and productivity in the context of public school teachers in Chile. We take advantage of a law that required education administrators to grant a permanent contract to temporary teachers with a minimum seniority and implement a difference-in-differences strategy comparing eligible and ineligible teachers. We find that high dismissal protection reduces turnover by 25 percent in the first two years. The reduction is only statistically significant among teachers at the bottom and top of the distribution of baseline performance. We then examine the impact on teacher productivity and find a significant decline in the learning of students taught by teachers with low baseline performance. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that high dismissal protection can be a double-edged sword. It can help to retain high-performing employees, but at the cost of making it more difficult to separate and motivate low-performing employees. JEL Classifications: I28, J45, M55","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0920-11173r2
Simon Calmar Andersen, Ulrik Hvidman
{"title":"Implementing Home-Based Educational Interventions at Scale","authors":"Simon Calmar Andersen, Ulrik Hvidman","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0920-11173r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0920-11173r2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1022-12589r1
Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Sounak Thakur
{"title":"The Intergenerational Effects of Marital Transfers","authors":"Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Sounak Thakur","doi":"10.3368/jhr.1022-12589r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1022-12589r1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0523-12900r1
Shan Huang, Hannes Ullrich
{"title":"Provider effects in antibiotic prescribing","authors":"Shan Huang, Hannes Ullrich","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0523-12900r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0523-12900r1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1023-13198r2
James Flynn
{"title":"Can Expanding Contraceptive Access Reduce Adverse Infant Health Outcomes?","authors":"James Flynn","doi":"10.3368/jhr.1023-13198r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1023-13198r2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0122-12151r1
Andy Brownback, Sally Sadoff
{"title":"College Summer School","authors":"Andy Brownback, Sally Sadoff","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0122-12151r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0122-12151r1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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