Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0421-11642r2
Michael Gilraine
This paper identifies the achievement impact of installing air filters in classrooms for the first time. I leverage a unique setting arising from the largest gas leak in U.S. history, whereby the offending gas company installed air filters in every classroom within five miles of the leak (but not beyond). Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, I find substantial improvements in student performance: air filters raised mathematics and English scores by 0.20σ. Natural gas was not detected inside schools, indicating that the filters improved air quality by removing common pollutants. On that basis, these results should apply more widely.
{"title":"Air Filters, Pollution, and Student Achievement","authors":"Michael Gilraine","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0421-11642r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0421-11642r2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies the achievement impact of installing air filters in classrooms for the first time. I leverage a unique setting arising from the largest gas leak in U.S. history, whereby the offending gas company installed air filters in every classroom within five miles of the leak (but not beyond). Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, I find substantial improvements in student performance: air filters raised mathematics and English scores by 0.20σ. Natural gas was not detected inside schools, indicating that the filters improved air quality by removing common pollutants. On that basis, these results should apply more widely.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91043134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0920-11179r2
Md. Amzad Hossain
{"title":"Unintended Consequences of a Well-Intentioned Policy: Impact of Credit on Child Labor in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Amzad Hossain","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0920-11179r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0920-11179r2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77156887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0221-11468r2
Adrián Nieto
{"title":"Television and the Labor Supply: Evidence from the Digital Television Transition in the UK","authors":"Adrián Nieto","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0221-11468r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0221-11468r2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76281981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0519-10220r3
Eric Nielsen
{"title":"The Income-Achievement Gap and Adult Outcome Inequality","authors":"Eric Nielsen","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0519-10220r3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0519-10220r3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136291700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0822-12513r1
Jesse Kalinowski, Matthew Ross, Stephen Ross
Jesse J. Kalinowskia, Matthew B. Rossb and Stephen L. Rossc aQuinnipiac University, Department of Economics, 275 Mt Carmel Ave, Hamden, CT 06518, Jesse.Kalinowski{at}Quinnipiac.edu. bNortheastern, School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs and Department of Economics, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115. ma.ross{at}northeastern.edu. c(Corresponding Author) 365 Fairfield Way, U-1063, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics, Storrs, CT 06033-1063, stephen.l.ross{at}uconn.edu.
Jesse J. kalinowski, Matthew B. Rossb和Stephen L. Rossc aQuinnipiac大学经济系，275 Mt Carmel Ave, Hamden, CT 06518, Jesse. kalinowski {at}Quinnipiac.edu。东北大学公共政策与城市事务学院和经济系，波士顿亨廷顿大街360号，马萨诸塞州02115。ma.ross在}{northeastern.edu。c(通讯作者)康涅狄格大学经济学系，康涅狄格州斯托斯市，06033-1063,stephen. l.l ross{at}uconn.edu。
{"title":"Endogenous Driving Behavior in Tests of Racial Profiling","authors":"Jesse Kalinowski, Matthew Ross, Stephen Ross","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0822-12513r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0822-12513r1","url":null,"abstract":"Jesse J. Kalinowskia, Matthew B. Rossb and Stephen L. Rossc aQuinnipiac University, Department of Economics, 275 Mt Carmel Ave, Hamden, CT 06518, Jesse.Kalinowski{at}Quinnipiac.edu. bNortheastern, School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs and Department of Economics, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115. ma.ross{at}northeastern.edu. c(Corresponding Author) 365 Fairfield Way, U-1063, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics, Storrs, CT 06033-1063, stephen.l.ross{at}uconn.edu.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135013235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0820-11091r2
Esteban García-Miralles, Miriam Gensowski
Abstract
Child skills are shaped by parental investments. Health shocks to parents can affect these investments and their children’s skills. This paper estimates causal effects of severe parental health shocks on child socio-emotional skills. Drawing on a large-scale survey linked to hospital records, we find that socio-emotional skills of 11-16 year-olds are robust to these shocks, except for small reductions in Conscientiousness. We estimate short-run effects with child-fixed effects and dynamics around shocks with event studies. In the long-run, we find some evidence of build-up of effects that may be rationalized with shocks having a delayed impact on children’s skills.
{"title":"Are Children’s Socio-Emotional Skills Shaped by Parental Health Shocks?","authors":"Esteban García-Miralles, Miriam Gensowski","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0820-11091r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0820-11091r2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Child skills are shaped by parental investments. Health shocks to parents can affect these investments and their children’s skills. This paper estimates causal effects of severe parental health shocks on child socio-emotional skills. Drawing on a large-scale survey linked to hospital records, we find that socio-emotional skills of 11-16 year-olds are robust to these shocks, except for small reductions in Conscientiousness. We estimate short-run effects with child-fixed effects and dynamics around shocks with event studies. In the long-run, we find some evidence of build-up of effects that may be rationalized with shocks having a delayed impact on children’s skills.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135013431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3368/jhr.58.3.0220-10728R1
Elizabeth U. Cascio
ABSTRACT This study examines the cost efficacy of universal programs, taking advantage of the rich diversity in rules governing access to state-funded preschool in the United States. Using age-eligibility rules for identification, I find that attending a state-funded universal preschool generates substantial immediate test score gains, particularly for low-income children. Gains for low-income children from attending targeted (largely means-tested) preschool are significantly smaller. Cross-state differences in alternative care options, demographics, and other program features cannot explain the difference in attendance impacts across program types. Benefit-to-cost ratios of universal programs are favorable despite their relatively high costs per low-income child.
{"title":"Does Universal Preschool Hit the Target?","authors":"Elizabeth U. Cascio","doi":"10.3368/jhr.58.3.0220-10728R1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.58.3.0220-10728R1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the cost efficacy of universal programs, taking advantage of the rich diversity in rules governing access to state-funded preschool in the United States. Using age-eligibility rules for identification, I find that attending a state-funded universal preschool generates substantial immediate test score gains, particularly for low-income children. Gains for low-income children from attending targeted (largely means-tested) preschool are significantly smaller. Cross-state differences in alternative care options, demographics, and other program features cannot explain the difference in attendance impacts across program types. Benefit-to-cost ratios of universal programs are favorable despite their relatively high costs per low-income child.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49204742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3368/jhr.58.3.0719-10339R1
Tatsushi Oka, Ken Yamada
ABSTRACT In the United States, most of the workers who earn at or below the minimum wage are either less educated, young, orfemale. We examine the extent to which the minimum wage influences the wage differential among workers with different observed characteristics and the wage differential among workers with the same observed characteristics. Our results suggest that changes in the real value of the minimum wage account in part for the patterns of changes in education, experience, and gender wage differentials and for most of the changes in within-group wage differentials for workers with lower levels of experience.
{"title":"Heterogeneous Impact of the Minimum Wage","authors":"Tatsushi Oka, Ken Yamada","doi":"10.3368/jhr.58.3.0719-10339R1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.58.3.0719-10339R1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the United States, most of the workers who earn at or below the minimum wage are either less educated, young, orfemale. We examine the extent to which the minimum wage influences the wage differential among workers with different observed characteristics and the wage differential among workers with the same observed characteristics. Our results suggest that changes in the real value of the minimum wage account in part for the patterns of changes in education, experience, and gender wage differentials and for most of the changes in within-group wage differentials for workers with lower levels of experience.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47108490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3368/jhr.58.3.1117-9157R2
G. Conti, Rita Ginja
ABSTRACT We present a comprehensive evaluation of the health impacts of the introduction and expansion of a large noncontributory health insurance program in Mexico, the Seguro Popular (SP), which provided access to health services without co-pays to individuals with no Social Security protection. We identify the program impacts using its rollout across municipalities between 2002 and 2010. In general, we do not detect significant effects on mortality (overall or at any age); the only exception is a reduction in infant mortality in poor municipalities for which intention- to-treat estimates show a 10 percent decline due to SP. This decline is attributable to reductions in deaths associated with conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. In these poor municipalities, SP increased obstetric-related hospital admissions by 7 percent and hospital admissions among infants by 6 percent. There were no impacts on mortality or use of hospitals in rich municipalities. The decline in infant mortality rate caused by SP closed nearly all of the infant mortality rate gap between poor and rich municipalities.
{"title":"Who Benefits from Free Health Insurance?","authors":"G. Conti, Rita Ginja","doi":"10.3368/jhr.58.3.1117-9157R2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.58.3.1117-9157R2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present a comprehensive evaluation of the health impacts of the introduction and expansion of a large noncontributory health insurance program in Mexico, the Seguro Popular (SP), which provided access to health services without co-pays to individuals with no Social Security protection. We identify the program impacts using its rollout across municipalities between 2002 and 2010. In general, we do not detect significant effects on mortality (overall or at any age); the only exception is a reduction in infant mortality in poor municipalities for which intention- to-treat estimates show a 10 percent decline due to SP. This decline is attributable to reductions in deaths associated with conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. In these poor municipalities, SP increased obstetric-related hospital admissions by 7 percent and hospital admissions among infants by 6 percent. There were no impacts on mortality or use of hospitals in rich municipalities. The decline in infant mortality rate caused by SP closed nearly all of the infant mortality rate gap between poor and rich municipalities.","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43687823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0821-11827r2
P. Nam, Brandon J. Restrepo, Matthias Rieger, N. Wagner
{"title":"Can Information Enhanced with Nudges Mitigate the Rise of Childhood Obesity in the Global South?","authors":"P. Nam, Brandon J. Restrepo, Matthias Rieger, N. Wagner","doi":"10.3368/jhr.0821-11827r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0821-11827r2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90784964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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