Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1177/00220221231169234
Ouissam Abattouy, G. Stevens, Sophie D. Walsh, C. Davison
Differing theoretical indications suggest that immigrant adolescents’ perceptions of family support will either be lower or higher than those of their non-immigrant peers. To unravel this inconsistency, current cross-national study examines family support differences between first- and second-generation immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. It also investigates how these differences vary based on restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, and immigrant density in the receiving country, the obedience orientation of the origin country, and the cultural distance in obedience orientation between the origin- and receiving country. Cross-classified multilevel regression analyses were conducted on data from the 2017 to 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey with a national representative sample of adolescents from 178 origin countries in 30 receiving countries across Europe, Central Asia, and in Israel. Results revealed the variance in family support was small at the level of the origin country (0.73%) and the community (1.24%), while modest at the receiving country level (10.91%). Family support was slightly lower for adolescents of both immigrant generations compared with non-immigrant adolescents, with greater differences for first-than for second-generation immigrants (respectively d = .16 and d = .02). Differences in family support were unrelated to restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, immigrant density, or obedience orientation. However, family support for second-generation immigrant adolescents decreased more compared with non-immigrants when their cultural distance was greater. Concluding, immigrant adolescents’ lower family support, may reflect their exposure to more stressors than non-immigrants. Cultural distance can amplify these stressors, thereby affecting family support for some immigrants more than others.
{"title":"Family Support Differences Between Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Adolescents Across 30 Countries: Examining the Moderating Role of Cultural Distance, Culture of Origin, and Reception in Receiving Societies","authors":"Ouissam Abattouy, G. Stevens, Sophie D. Walsh, C. Davison","doi":"10.1177/00220221231169234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221231169234","url":null,"abstract":"Differing theoretical indications suggest that immigrant adolescents’ perceptions of family support will either be lower or higher than those of their non-immigrant peers. To unravel this inconsistency, current cross-national study examines family support differences between first- and second-generation immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. It also investigates how these differences vary based on restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, and immigrant density in the receiving country, the obedience orientation of the origin country, and the cultural distance in obedience orientation between the origin- and receiving country. Cross-classified multilevel regression analyses were conducted on data from the 2017 to 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey with a national representative sample of adolescents from 178 origin countries in 30 receiving countries across Europe, Central Asia, and in Israel. Results revealed the variance in family support was small at the level of the origin country (0.73%) and the community (1.24%), while modest at the receiving country level (10.91%). Family support was slightly lower for adolescents of both immigrant generations compared with non-immigrant adolescents, with greater differences for first-than for second-generation immigrants (respectively d = .16 and d = .02). Differences in family support were unrelated to restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, immigrant density, or obedience orientation. However, family support for second-generation immigrant adolescents decreased more compared with non-immigrants when their cultural distance was greater. Concluding, immigrant adolescents’ lower family support, may reflect their exposure to more stressors than non-immigrants. Cultural distance can amplify these stressors, thereby affecting family support for some immigrants more than others.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"434 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42100218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.1177/00220221231169945
Gray Atherton, Y. Morimoto, Satoshi F. Nakashima, Liam B. Cross
Autism spectrum condition is a neurodevelopmental condition in which people are characterized by their social differences. As such, autistic behaviors are often identified as deviating from what is considered normal or neurotypical ways of interacting with the world as dictated by a particular culture. This theoretical article explores a cultural model of disability concerning autism spectrum condition and how Western ideals of “normality” dominate autism-related discourses. To illustrate this point, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA]) descriptors are discussed concerning Western and, in contrast, Japanese cultural practices. Cross-cultural research from several domains reveals the subjectivity inherent to what is considered “normal” across cultures. In addition, research into the prevalence and lived experiences of autistic people and their families in Japan reveals the complexity of understanding neurodevelopmental conditions in non-Western countries. The article discusses autism in the context of culture and suggests further areas for cross-cultural research that can further build on the cultural model of disability.
{"title":"Does the Study of Culture Enrich Our Understanding of Autism? A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Life on the Spectrum in Japan and the West","authors":"Gray Atherton, Y. Morimoto, Satoshi F. Nakashima, Liam B. Cross","doi":"10.1177/00220221231169945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221231169945","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum condition is a neurodevelopmental condition in which people are characterized by their social differences. As such, autistic behaviors are often identified as deviating from what is considered normal or neurotypical ways of interacting with the world as dictated by a particular culture. This theoretical article explores a cultural model of disability concerning autism spectrum condition and how Western ideals of “normality” dominate autism-related discourses. To illustrate this point, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA]) descriptors are discussed concerning Western and, in contrast, Japanese cultural practices. Cross-cultural research from several domains reveals the subjectivity inherent to what is considered “normal” across cultures. In addition, research into the prevalence and lived experiences of autistic people and their families in Japan reveals the complexity of understanding neurodevelopmental conditions in non-Western countries. The article discusses autism in the context of culture and suggests further areas for cross-cultural research that can further build on the cultural model of disability.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"610 - 634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41854895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.1177/00220221231171060
Pascal Schlechter, Jens H. Hellmann, Svea Kamp, G. Echterhoff, K. Wanninger, U. Wagner, J. Knausenberger
Syrian refugees underutilize mental health services in Western receiving countries, which is partly attributable to negative attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (APPH) and denial of the need for psychological help (DNPH). Interventions tailored to culture-specific characteristics of Syrian refugees are needed. We tested an intervention that disseminated information about the benefits of psychotherapy via ostensible interview vignettes to 205 German residents and 187 Syrian refugees residing in Germany. We used a 2 (group: residents vs. refugees) × 2 (source of information: ingroup vs. outgroup member) × 2 (therapy content: skill training vs. emotion regulation) × 2 (gender: women vs. men) between-participants design with the dependent variables APPH and DNPH. We measured adherence to masculine norms, support by religious faith, and distress disclosure as additional predictors. Refugees reported more negative APPH and higher DNPH than residents. Source of information and therapy content had no detectable effect. Men reported more negative APPH and higher DNPH than women. Adherence to masculine norms emerged as the strongest predictor of APPH. Masculine norms and support by religious faith partly explained differences between refugees and residents in APPH and DNPH. Exploratory post hoc analyses with nonintervention samples of 182 Syrian refugees and 202 residents from a similar study indicated that Syrian refugees who received an intervention (vs. no intervention) reported more positive APPH. No such difference was found for residents. Disseminating information about psychotherapy could positively impact APPH/DNPH in refugees but needs to be tailored to their sociocultural context. We outline recommendations for further research.
{"title":"Improving Attitudes Toward Psychotherapy in Residents and Syrian Refugees in Germany: An Interview Vignette Intervention Study","authors":"Pascal Schlechter, Jens H. Hellmann, Svea Kamp, G. Echterhoff, K. Wanninger, U. Wagner, J. Knausenberger","doi":"10.1177/00220221231171060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221231171060","url":null,"abstract":"Syrian refugees underutilize mental health services in Western receiving countries, which is partly attributable to negative attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (APPH) and denial of the need for psychological help (DNPH). Interventions tailored to culture-specific characteristics of Syrian refugees are needed. We tested an intervention that disseminated information about the benefits of psychotherapy via ostensible interview vignettes to 205 German residents and 187 Syrian refugees residing in Germany. We used a 2 (group: residents vs. refugees) × 2 (source of information: ingroup vs. outgroup member) × 2 (therapy content: skill training vs. emotion regulation) × 2 (gender: women vs. men) between-participants design with the dependent variables APPH and DNPH. We measured adherence to masculine norms, support by religious faith, and distress disclosure as additional predictors. Refugees reported more negative APPH and higher DNPH than residents. Source of information and therapy content had no detectable effect. Men reported more negative APPH and higher DNPH than women. Adherence to masculine norms emerged as the strongest predictor of APPH. Masculine norms and support by religious faith partly explained differences between refugees and residents in APPH and DNPH. Exploratory post hoc analyses with nonintervention samples of 182 Syrian refugees and 202 residents from a similar study indicated that Syrian refugees who received an intervention (vs. no intervention) reported more positive APPH. No such difference was found for residents. Disseminating information about psychotherapy could positively impact APPH/DNPH in refugees but needs to be tailored to their sociocultural context. We outline recommendations for further research.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"490 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44647682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1177/00220221231171347
Theodore T. Bartholomew, B. Par, Julia Crosspar Mawi Zathang
For decades, violent conflict has caused forced displacement throughout Myanmar. Chin people, largely from the northwestern Chin state in Myanmar, have been subjected to this violence resulting in displacement and resettlement with refugee status for thousands of Chin people. Scholars have often endeavored to understand the psychological outcomes of displacement and resettlement, with empirical work often dedicated to the onset of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and other Western-defined constructs of mental illness being correlated with traumatic experiences. These endeavors fail to center cultural explanations of mental illness among specific cultural groups like the Chin. Therefore, we used a community-collaborative, grounded theory approach to interview Chin people (N = 20) resettled in the midwestern United States. Grounded theory analyses led to identification of two categories reflecting participants’ explanatory models of mental illness: (a) The Brain is Not working and (b) Causal Beliefs of The Brain not Working. The first category has one subcategory (Symptoms of the Brain not Working) and the second category is separated into three subcategories: (a) Going Crazy, Being Born Like that, and Thinking too Much as Causes, (b) Religion as an Explanation, and (c) “Control Your Heart”: Personal Responsibility and the Onset of Illness. These are discussed in light of the need to better understand cultural models of illness for Chin people with refugee status in contexts of resettlement. Specific attention is afforded to potential importance of this idiom of distress.
{"title":"The Brain Is Not Working (Thluak Rian a Ttuan Lo): Perceptions of Mental Illness in a Resettled Chin Community","authors":"Theodore T. Bartholomew, B. Par, Julia Crosspar Mawi Zathang","doi":"10.1177/00220221231171347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221231171347","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, violent conflict has caused forced displacement throughout Myanmar. Chin people, largely from the northwestern Chin state in Myanmar, have been subjected to this violence resulting in displacement and resettlement with refugee status for thousands of Chin people. Scholars have often endeavored to understand the psychological outcomes of displacement and resettlement, with empirical work often dedicated to the onset of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and other Western-defined constructs of mental illness being correlated with traumatic experiences. These endeavors fail to center cultural explanations of mental illness among specific cultural groups like the Chin. Therefore, we used a community-collaborative, grounded theory approach to interview Chin people (N = 20) resettled in the midwestern United States. Grounded theory analyses led to identification of two categories reflecting participants’ explanatory models of mental illness: (a) The Brain is Not working and (b) Causal Beliefs of The Brain not Working. The first category has one subcategory (Symptoms of the Brain not Working) and the second category is separated into three subcategories: (a) Going Crazy, Being Born Like that, and Thinking too Much as Causes, (b) Religion as an Explanation, and (c) “Control Your Heart”: Personal Responsibility and the Onset of Illness. These are discussed in light of the need to better understand cultural models of illness for Chin people with refugee status in contexts of resettlement. Specific attention is afforded to potential importance of this idiom of distress.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"510 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49158571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1177/00220221231169219
J. Santos, Yoshito Kawabata
The present study investigated the indirect effects of acculturation and enculturation on mental health problems (i.e., depression and social anxiety) through social connectedness (i.e., family-, peer-, university-, and neighborhood-connectedness) among Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) immigrant emerging adults in Guam. Participants consisted of 235 (18–30 years old) AAPI immigrant emerging adult students. Online surveys were distributed that contained measures of acculturation and enculturation, family connectedness, peer connectedness, university connectedness, neighborhood connectedness, depression, and anxiety in the university classes and via social media platforms. The results of a path analysis revealed indirect effects of acculturation on depression and anxiety through peer and university connectedness. Limitations, future studies, and the cultural and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
{"title":"A Path Model of Acculturation, Enculturation, Social Connectedness, and Mental Health Among Asian American/Pacific Islander Immigrants","authors":"J. Santos, Yoshito Kawabata","doi":"10.1177/00220221231169219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221231169219","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the indirect effects of acculturation and enculturation on mental health problems (i.e., depression and social anxiety) through social connectedness (i.e., family-, peer-, university-, and neighborhood-connectedness) among Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) immigrant emerging adults in Guam. Participants consisted of 235 (18–30 years old) AAPI immigrant emerging adult students. Online surveys were distributed that contained measures of acculturation and enculturation, family connectedness, peer connectedness, university connectedness, neighborhood connectedness, depression, and anxiety in the university classes and via social media platforms. The results of a path analysis revealed indirect effects of acculturation on depression and anxiety through peer and university connectedness. Limitations, future studies, and the cultural and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"527 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49572190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.1177/00220221231171083
Frances R. Morales, Kathleen A. Hawkins, D. Gonzalez, Alexander Garcia, Sita G Patel, A. Mercado
This study examined the experiences of immigrant parents seeking asylum in the United States after recently fleeing the Northern Triangle region of Central America, attending both to the traumatic events and the strengths that mitigate this experience. The study employs a convergent parallel mixed-methods design to describe the experiences of 51 parents after being processed by U.S. immigration officials for seeking asylum. Quantitative analyses measured trauma exposure and psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms, as well as religiosity, dispositional optimism, and perceived quality of life. Qualitative analyses examined migratory experiences more deeply. Quantitative findings suggest that participants displayed high levels of resilience as evidenced by the low endorsement of mental health symptoms associated with trauma despite high violence and trauma exposure. Qualitative analyses revealed two themes underscoring strengths that mitigated the compounded trauma experienced by participants, including: (a) protective factors, and (b) plans for the future. In addition, several subthemes emerged within each of these broader themes. Qualitative findings highlight that asylum seekers come to the United States for the sake of their families, especially their children. Participants shared their desire to ensure the safety of their family and children and their hope of being better able to take care of them. These desires and hopes common among participants in our study not only motivated them to leave their home countries but also helped them to press forward in their journeys. Study results show that religiosity, hope, and optimism also played important roles in sustaining these immigrant parents during their journeys.
{"title":"Strengths and Resilience Among Central American Parents Seeking Asylum in the United States","authors":"Frances R. Morales, Kathleen A. Hawkins, D. Gonzalez, Alexander Garcia, Sita G Patel, A. Mercado","doi":"10.1177/00220221231171083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221231171083","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the experiences of immigrant parents seeking asylum in the United States after recently fleeing the Northern Triangle region of Central America, attending both to the traumatic events and the strengths that mitigate this experience. The study employs a convergent parallel mixed-methods design to describe the experiences of 51 parents after being processed by U.S. immigration officials for seeking asylum. Quantitative analyses measured trauma exposure and psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms, as well as religiosity, dispositional optimism, and perceived quality of life. Qualitative analyses examined migratory experiences more deeply. Quantitative findings suggest that participants displayed high levels of resilience as evidenced by the low endorsement of mental health symptoms associated with trauma despite high violence and trauma exposure. Qualitative analyses revealed two themes underscoring strengths that mitigated the compounded trauma experienced by participants, including: (a) protective factors, and (b) plans for the future. In addition, several subthemes emerged within each of these broader themes. Qualitative findings highlight that asylum seekers come to the United States for the sake of their families, especially their children. Participants shared their desire to ensure the safety of their family and children and their hope of being better able to take care of them. These desires and hopes common among participants in our study not only motivated them to leave their home countries but also helped them to press forward in their journeys. Study results show that religiosity, hope, and optimism also played important roles in sustaining these immigrant parents during their journeys.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"457 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46271297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e100963
Barbara Anđelić Dmitrović, Lara Ivanković Tatalović, Tomislav Kos, Petar Crnčan, Domagoj Gajski, Mišel Jelić, Lucija Šerić Jelaska
The Mediterranean is characterised by high biodiversity and numerous endemic species. These species are not only present in natural habitats, but also inhabit areas under human influence, such as agricultural lands. In the biodiversity assessment of Mediterranean vineyards and olive orchards within Zadar County, in Croatia, we identified eight endemic species with Mediterranean distribution, six with a Balkan Peninsula distribution, four with Dinaric Alps distribution and three species rare and endangered in Europe. Alongside these species, we have recorded five new species for Croatian fauna, many of those identified by combining morphological characteristics and the DNA barcoding tool. Araneae and Coleoptera contributed the highest number of endemic species and groups with new record were the following: Coleoptera, Diptera and Araneae. Compared to other sites, an olive orchard with ecological pest management (EPM), surrounded by natural ecosystems, had the highest ratio of endemic and rare species. Our findings emphasise that agricultural lands in the Mediterranean can be habitats for endemic and rare species and that future biodiversity research of these habitats is highly important, to monitor potential biodiversity changes and motivate future species and ecosystem conservation.
{"title":"Mediterranean vineyards and olive groves in Croatia harbour some rare and endemic invertebrates.","authors":"Barbara Anđelić Dmitrović, Lara Ivanković Tatalović, Tomislav Kos, Petar Crnčan, Domagoj Gajski, Mišel Jelić, Lucija Šerić Jelaska","doi":"10.3897/BDJ.11.e100963","DOIUrl":"10.3897/BDJ.11.e100963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mediterranean is characterised by high biodiversity and numerous endemic species. These species are not only present in natural habitats, but also inhabit areas under human influence, such as agricultural lands. In the biodiversity assessment of Mediterranean vineyards and olive orchards within Zadar County, in Croatia, we identified eight endemic species with Mediterranean distribution, six with a Balkan Peninsula distribution, four with Dinaric Alps distribution and three species rare and endangered in Europe. Alongside these species, we have recorded five new species for Croatian fauna, many of those identified by combining morphological characteristics and the DNA barcoding tool. Araneae and Coleoptera contributed the highest number of endemic species and groups with new record were the following: Coleoptera, Diptera and Araneae. Compared to other sites, an olive orchard with ecological pest management (EPM), surrounded by natural ecosystems, had the highest ratio of endemic and rare species. Our findings emphasise that agricultural lands in the Mediterranean can be habitats for endemic and rare species and that future biodiversity research of these habitats is highly important, to monitor potential biodiversity changes and motivate future species and ecosystem conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"7 1","pages":"e100963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10850877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86983950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1177/00220221221134711
Kuba Krys, June Chun Yeung, Brian W. Haas, Yvette van Osch, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Agata Kocimska-Zych, Cláudio V. Torres, Heyla A. Selim, J. Zelenski, M. Bond, Joonha Park, V. M. Lun, F. Maricchiolo, C. Vauclair, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, David Sirlopú, C. Xing, V. Vignoles, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Julien Teyssier, Chien-Ru Sun, Ursula Serdarevich, Beate Schwarz, R. Sargautytė, E. Røysamb, V. Romashov, Muhammad Rizwan, Z. Pavlović, V. Pavlopoulos, A. Okvitawanli, Azar Nadi, Martin Nader, Nur Fariza Mustaffa, Elke Murdock, Oriana Mosca, T. Mohorić, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos Marroquin, Arina Malyonova, Xinhui Liu, J. Lee, A. Kwiatkowska, Nicole Kronberger, L. Klůzová Kráčmarová, Natalia Kascakova, İ̇dil Işık, E. Igou, D. Igbokwe, Diana Hanke-Boer, A. Gavreliuc, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, M. Fülöp, V. Gamsakhurdia, C. Esteves, A. Domínguez-Espinosa, P. Denoux, Salome Charkviani, A. Baltin, Douglas Arévalo, Lily Appoh, C. Akotia, Mladen Adamovic, Y. Uchida
People care about their own well-being and about the well-being of their families. It is currently, however, unknown how much people tend to value their own versus their family’s well-being. A recent study documented that people value family happiness over personal happiness across four cultures. In this study, we sought to replicate this finding across a larger sample size (N = 12,819) and a greater number of countries (N = 49). We found that the strength of the idealization of family over personal happiness preference was small (average Cohen’s ds = .20, range −.02 to.48), but present in 98% of the studied countries, with statistical significance in 73% to 75%, and variance across countries <2%. We also found that the size of this effect did vary somewhat across cultural contexts. In Latin American cultures highest on relational mobility, the idealization of family over personal happiness was very small (average Cohen’s ds for Latin America = .15 and .18), while in Confucian Asia cultures lowest on relational mobility, this effect was closer to medium (ds > .40 and .30). Importantly, we did not find strong support for traditional theories in cross-cultural psychology that associate collectivism with greater prioritization of the family versus the individual; country-level individualism–collectivism was not associated with variation in the idealization of family versus individual happiness. Our findings indicate that no matter how much various populists abuse the argument of “protecting family life” to disrupt emancipation, family happiness seems to be a pan-culturally phenomenon. Family well-being is a key ingredient of social fabric across the world, and should be acknowledged by psychology and well-being researchers and by progressive movements too.
{"title":"Family First: Evidence of Consistency and Variation in the Value of Family Versus Personal Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures","authors":"Kuba Krys, June Chun Yeung, Brian W. Haas, Yvette van Osch, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Agata Kocimska-Zych, Cláudio V. Torres, Heyla A. Selim, J. Zelenski, M. Bond, Joonha Park, V. M. Lun, F. Maricchiolo, C. Vauclair, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, David Sirlopú, C. Xing, V. Vignoles, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Julien Teyssier, Chien-Ru Sun, Ursula Serdarevich, Beate Schwarz, R. Sargautytė, E. Røysamb, V. Romashov, Muhammad Rizwan, Z. Pavlović, V. Pavlopoulos, A. Okvitawanli, Azar Nadi, Martin Nader, Nur Fariza Mustaffa, Elke Murdock, Oriana Mosca, T. Mohorić, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos Marroquin, Arina Malyonova, Xinhui Liu, J. Lee, A. Kwiatkowska, Nicole Kronberger, L. Klůzová Kráčmarová, Natalia Kascakova, İ̇dil Işık, E. Igou, D. Igbokwe, Diana Hanke-Boer, A. Gavreliuc, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, M. Fülöp, V. Gamsakhurdia, C. Esteves, A. Domínguez-Espinosa, P. Denoux, Salome Charkviani, A. Baltin, Douglas Arévalo, Lily Appoh, C. Akotia, Mladen Adamovic, Y. Uchida","doi":"10.1177/00220221221134711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221134711","url":null,"abstract":"People care about their own well-being and about the well-being of their families. It is currently, however, unknown how much people tend to value their own versus their family’s well-being. A recent study documented that people value family happiness over personal happiness across four cultures. In this study, we sought to replicate this finding across a larger sample size (N = 12,819) and a greater number of countries (N = 49). We found that the strength of the idealization of family over personal happiness preference was small (average Cohen’s ds = .20, range −.02 to.48), but present in 98% of the studied countries, with statistical significance in 73% to 75%, and variance across countries <2%. We also found that the size of this effect did vary somewhat across cultural contexts. In Latin American cultures highest on relational mobility, the idealization of family over personal happiness was very small (average Cohen’s ds for Latin America = .15 and .18), while in Confucian Asia cultures lowest on relational mobility, this effect was closer to medium (ds > .40 and .30). Importantly, we did not find strong support for traditional theories in cross-cultural psychology that associate collectivism with greater prioritization of the family versus the individual; country-level individualism–collectivism was not associated with variation in the idealization of family versus individual happiness. Our findings indicate that no matter how much various populists abuse the argument of “protecting family life” to disrupt emancipation, family happiness seems to be a pan-culturally phenomenon. Family well-being is a key ingredient of social fabric across the world, and should be acknowledged by psychology and well-being researchers and by progressive movements too.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"323 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46386877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1177/00220221231155105
P. Collings, Elspeth Ready, Oswaldo M. Medina-Ramírez
As part of the first stage of a community-based participatory research project with two communities in the Canadian Arctic—Kangiqsujuaq, Nunavik, and Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories—we conducted 57 interviews eliciting residents’ perceptions of pressing issues facing their communities, problems affecting health and wellbeing, and how researchers or other organized groups could help alleviate those problems. A recurrent theme that emerged during these interviews was having “no one to talk to.” Here, we focus on understanding why communication was a central theme using a grounded-theory approach to develop a model of Inuit stress management. Inuit in both Kangiqsujuaq and Ulukhaktok codify stress as isumaaluttuq, or excess worry, which often manifests physically and leads to social withdrawal. Because stress is believed to accumulate in the body, managing it involves decisions about whether to “Get It Out” or “Keep It In.” Keep It In is a potentially dangerous strategy because, if the problem does not resolve itself, accumulated stress may have harmful consequences. Inuit viewed talking to others as the most effective means to Get It Out, but respondents also identified numerous barriers to doing so. One important reason for this is that stress is transferable: Talking to others about a problem potentially increases the burden of stress on them. Consequently, Inuit may choose to Keep It In to avoid the potential negative consequences (for others or for oneself) of sharing bad thoughts. Based on this preliminary model, we consider questions for further inquiry and implications for community-based mental health programming in Inuit communities.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-28DOI: 10.1177/00220221221149385
Kuba Krys, A. Domínguez-Espinosa, Y. Uchida
What we witness with the development of the global economy is not increasing uniformity, in the form of a universalization of Western culture, but rather the continuation of civilizational diversity through the active reinvention and reincorporation of non-Western civilizational patterns.
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