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Maintaining a tolerant national identity: Divergent implications for the acceptance of minority groups 维持宽容的国家认同:接纳少数群体的不同含义
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12993
Maykel Verkuyten, Jessica Gale, Levi Adelman, Kumar Yogeeswaran

The current research examines the proposition that minority groups can be either accepted or rejected, both in the name of national tolerance. In three studies using national samples in the Netherlands (N = 1572), we focused on three different understandings of what is required to maintain an alleged national identity of tolerance. Data indicated that stronger agreement with the need to live up to the self-defining tradition of tolerance was associated with higher support for Muslim minority practices. However, stronger agreement with two boundary conditions of what is tolerable in the name of protecting tolerance, upholding a threshold for tolerance, and the need for reciprocity, was found to be associated with lower support for Muslim minority practices. Additionally, perceived identity continuity threat accounted for these associations. The findings demonstrate that a national identity of tolerance can be understood in different ways with differing implications for minority groups.

目前的研究考察了一个命题,即在国家宽容的名义下,可以接受或拒绝少数群体。在使用荷兰国家样本(N = 1572)的三项研究中,我们关注了对维持所谓的宽容的国家认同所需要的三种不同理解。数据表明,更强烈地同意有必要实践自我定义的容忍传统,与对穆斯林少数民族做法的更高支持有关。然而,研究发现,在保护宽容、维持宽容的门槛和互惠需要的名义下,对可容忍的两个边界条件的更强同意,与对穆斯林少数民族行为的较低支持有关。此外,感知到的身份连续性威胁解释了这些关联。研究结果表明,宽容的民族认同可以用不同的方式理解,对少数群体的影响也不同。
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引用次数: 1
Can group-based strategies increase community resilience? Longitudinal predictors of sustained participation in Covid-19 mutual aid and community support groups 以群体为基础的策略能提高社区的复原力吗?持续参与Covid-19互助和社区支持小组的纵向预测因素
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12995
Rotem Perach, Maria Fernandes-Jesus, Daniel Miranda, Guanlan Mao, Evangelos Ntontis, Chris Cocking, Michael McTague, Joanna Semlyen, John Drury

Mutual aid groups have been a critical part of the coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) response and continue to address the needs of people in their communities. To understand how mutual aid and similar community support groups can be sustained over time, we test the idea that using group-based strategies initiates psychological trajectories that shape future participation. We conducted a preregistered longitudinal survey among Covid-19 mutual aid and community support volunteers in the United Kingdom (nWave 1 = 600, May 2021; nWave 2 = 299, July–August 2021) who were registered panelists of an independent research organization. Assessments included measures of group-based strategies, collective participation predictors, participation experience, and sustained participation. Volunteers engaged in a wide range of support activities including shopping, emotional support provision, and deliveries. Two group-based strategies—group alliances and group horizontality—longitudinally predicted sustained participation. In addition, sense of community responsibility and burnout were longitudinal predictors of sustained participation. Importantly, predictors of sustained participation diverged for volunteers with different levels of volunteering experience. Our findings highlight group-based strategies as a potential resource for organizers seeking to sustain participation. Use can be tailored depending on the profiles of individual Covid-19 mutual aid volunteers. These findings have significance beyond Covid-19 as they are relevant to sustaining community resilience more generally.

互助组织一直是应对2019冠状病毒病(Covid-19)的关键组成部分,并继续解决社区中人们的需求。为了理解互助和类似的社区支持团体是如何随着时间的推移而持续下去的,我们测试了这样一种观点,即使用基于群体的策略会引发塑造未来参与的心理轨迹。我们在英国的Covid-19互助和社区支持志愿者中进行了一项预先注册的纵向调查(nWave 1 = 600, 2021年5月;nWave 2 = 299, 2021年7月- 8月),他们是一个独立研究机构的注册小组成员。评估包括以群体为基础的策略、集体参与预测因素、参与经验和持续参与。志愿者参与了广泛的支持活动,包括购物、情感支持和送货。两种基于群体的策略——群体联盟和群体水平——在纵向上预测了持续的参与。此外,社区责任感和倦怠感是持续参与的纵向预测因子。重要的是,不同志愿服务经验水平的志愿者持续参与的预测因素存在差异。我们的研究结果强调了以群体为基础的策略是组织者寻求维持参与的潜在资源。可以根据Covid-19互助志愿者的个人情况量身定制使用。这些发现的意义超出了Covid-19,因为它们与更普遍地维持社区抵御力有关。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived sexualization of the work environment's influence on well-being, attitudes, and behaviors: The roles of organizational dehumanization and enjoyment of sexualization 工作环境对幸福、态度和行为影响的感知性化:组织非人化和性化享受的作用
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12992
Stephanie Demoulin, Noémie Brison, Florence Stinglhamber

The present research investigates whether employees' perceptions of being dehumanized by their organization act as an underlying mechanism in the relationship between sexualized work environments (SWE) and their detrimental consequences. The research also examines the moderating role of enjoyment of sexualization (ES) in the relationship between SWE and organizational dehumanization (OD). First, a cross-sectional study (N = 350) showed that SWE positively relate to OD which, in turn, negatively affects employees' well-being (i.e., increased emotional exhaustion, increased psychological strains), attitudes (i.e., decreased job satisfaction), and behaviors at work (i.e., increased turnover intentions). A second study (N = 433) replicated these findings and further revealed the moderating role of employees' ES. Specifically, the relationship between SWE and OD proved to be stronger at lower levels of ES. Finally, additional exploratory analyses highlighted that the moderating role of ES was not conditional upon employees' gender. Theoretical contributions and promising avenues for future research as well as are discussed.

本研究调查了员工对被组织非人化的感知是否在性别化工作环境与其有害后果之间的关系中起着潜在的机制作用。本研究还探讨了性化享受(ES)在SWE与组织非人化(OD)关系中的调节作用。首先,一项横断面研究(N = 350)表明,SWE与OD呈正相关,OD反过来负向影响员工的幸福感(即情绪耗竭增加,心理压力增加),态度(即工作满意度降低)和工作行为(即离职意愿增加)。第二项研究(N = 433)重复了这些发现,并进一步揭示了员工的主观感受的调节作用。具体来说,SWE和OD之间的关系在较低的ES水平下被证明是更强的。最后,进一步的探索性分析强调了企业绩效的调节作用并不取决于员工的性别。讨论了理论贡献和未来研究的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Social identification dimensions, sources of discrimination, and sexuality support as correlates of well-being among sexual minorities 性少数群体的社会认同维度、歧视来源和性支持与幸福感相关
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12994
Victoria K. Hambour, Amanda L. Duffy, Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck

Sexual minorities experience poorer well-being compared to their heterosexual peers, with discrimination explaining some of this disparity. However, according to the rejection identification model (RIM; Branscombe et al., 1999), this impact of discrimination can be mitigated by minority social identification. The aim of the current study was to test the associations of discrimination and social identification with well-being (measured as psychological distress, loneliness, and life satisfaction) among sexual minorities, and to expand on past research by considering multiple dimensions of social identification and the unique roles of family discrimination and peer sexuality support in well-being. A survey was completed by 184 young adult cisgender gay men and lesbian women aged 18–30 years (M = 22.78, SD = 3.49). Different than proposed in the RIM, there were no indirect associations of discrimination (either from family or from others) with well-being via social identification. However, family discrimination was directly related to poorer well-being, and peer sexuality support was indirectly related to less psychological distress and loneliness through one component of minority identification (ingroup affect).

与异性恋同龄人相比,性少数群体的幸福感较差,歧视是造成这种差异的部分原因。然而,根据拒绝识别模型(RIM;Branscombe et al., 1999),这种歧视的影响可以通过少数群体的社会认同来减轻。本研究的目的是测试性少数群体中歧视和社会认同与幸福感(以心理困扰、孤独和生活满意度为衡量标准)之间的联系,并通过考虑社会认同的多个维度以及家庭歧视和同伴性支持在幸福感中的独特作用来扩展过去的研究。问卷调查对象为184名18 ~ 30岁的男女同性恋青年(M = 22.78, SD = 3.49)。与RIM提出的不同,通过社会认同,没有间接关联的歧视(无论是来自家庭还是来自他人)与幸福感。然而,家庭歧视与较差的幸福感直接相关,同伴性支持通过少数群体认同的一个组成部分(群体内影响)间接与较少的心理困扰和孤独感相关。
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引用次数: 1
‘Are they refugees or economic migrants?’ The effect of asylum seekers' motivation to migrate on intentions to help them “他们是难民还是经济移民?”寻求庇护者移民动机对帮助他们意愿的影响
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12991
Emine Bilgen, Hanna Zagefka, R. Thora Bjornsdottir, Yasemin Abayhan

Immigration has played a significant role in human history as people move to new places for economic opportunities, religious freedom, and political refuge. However, asylum seekers are often viewed negatively and falsely portrayed in media, leading to fear and distrust among locals. In the current research, participants read a fictitious news article about an asylum seeker's (Syrian, Ukrainian, or Yemeni) motivation for seeking asylum (seeking safety, seeking financial betterment from a position of relative financial hardship, or seeking financial betterment from a position of extreme financial hardship). Participants then reported their willingness to help that asylum seeker, and their prejudice and empathy toward both that asylum seeker and their group as a whole (e.g., Syrian refugees). Results showed that people were more willing to help asylum seekers whose motivation for seeking asylum was grounded in safety concerns rather than moderate financial concerns (studies 1, 2, and 3). Participants also reported more willingness to help the asylum seeker's group as a whole if the individual asylum seeker's motivation was described as seeking safety rather than financial betterment. Further, describing financial concerns as so severe that they endangered survival generated more willingness to help than moderate financial concerns, demonstrating that severe enough financial concerns may be perceived as safety concerns (study 3). We also found that people were more willing to help Ukrainian refugees than Syrian refugees. Altogether, these findings have both theoretical and practical implications.

移民在人类历史上发挥了重要作用,人们为了经济机会、宗教自由和政治避难而迁移到新的地方。然而,寻求庇护者经常被媒体消极地看待和错误地描绘,导致当地人的恐惧和不信任。在当前的研究中,参与者阅读了一篇关于寻求庇护者(叙利亚人,乌克兰人或也门人)寻求庇护动机的虚构新闻文章(寻求安全,从相对经济困难的位置寻求经济改善,或从极端经济困难的位置寻求经济改善)。然后,参与者报告了他们帮助寻求庇护者的意愿,以及他们对寻求庇护者和他们的群体(如叙利亚难民)的偏见和同情。结果显示,如果寻求庇护的动机是基于安全考虑而不是适度的经济考虑,人们更愿意帮助寻求庇护者(研究1、2和3)。参与者还报告说,如果单个寻求庇护者的动机被描述为寻求安全而不是经济改善,那么他们更愿意帮助整个寻求庇护者群体。此外,描述严重到危及生存的财务问题比适度的财务问题产生了更多的帮助意愿,这表明足够严重的财务问题可能被视为安全问题(研究3)。我们还发现,人们更愿意帮助乌克兰难民而不是叙利亚难民。总之,这些发现具有理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of a 7-day intensive Buddhist meditation on existential isolation, interpersonal isolation, and compassion among South Koreans 为期7天的密集佛教冥想对韩国人生存孤立、人际孤立和同情心的影响
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12974
Young Chin Park, Elizabeth C. Pinel

This study investigates the effects of an intensive Buddhist (Zen) meditation practice on reductions in existential isolation and increases in prosocial behavior. This study also examines whether the hypothesized reduction in existential isolation resulting from the intensive meditation practice predicts other-focused compassion. Study 1 utilized a quasi-experimental design to investigate the effects of meditation on existential isolation and other compassion by comparing healthy Koreans who completed a 7-day intensive silent Zen meditation (n = 35) with those who completed a 7-day vacation (n = 30). All participants completed measures twice: at baseline and after either their meditation retreat or their vacation. Study 2 used a longitudinal design to investigate whether Study 1 findings would replicate among 75 new TempleStay program participants. In Study 1, relative to participants in the vacation group, participants in the meditation group experienced reduced existential isolation and increased other-focused compassion from Time 1 to Time 2. Reductions in existential isolation mediated the increases in other-focused compassion. In Study 2, after a 1-week intensive meditation training, participants experienced a reduction in existential isolation and an increased in other-focused compassion; again, the reductions in existential isolation mediated increases in other-focused compassion. Across two studies, we found evidence of reduced existential isolation and increased other-focused compassion following an intensive Zen-meditation practice. These results indicate that meditation practice may help people who suffer from existential isolation, as well as the people with whom they interact.

本研究调查了密集的佛教(禅)冥想练习对减少存在孤立和增加亲社会行为的影响。这项研究还考察了密集冥想练习所导致的存在隔离的假设减少是否预示着以他人为中心的同情心。研究1采用准实验设计,通过比较完成7天密集禅修(n = 35)和完成7天假期(n = 30)的健康韩国人(n = 30),调查冥想对存在隔离和其他同情心的影响。所有参与者都完成了两次测量:在基线时,在冥想静修或度假后。研究2采用纵向设计来调查研究1的发现是否会在75名新的TempleStay计划参与者中重复。在研究1中,相对于度假组的参与者,冥想组的参与者从时间1到时间2经历了减少的存在孤立和增加的以他人为中心的同情。存在隔离的减少介导了以他人为中心的同情心的增加。在研究2中,经过一周的密集冥想训练,参与者的存在孤立感有所减少,对他人的同情心有所增加;同样,存在隔离的减少介导了以他人为中心的同情心的增加。在两项研究中,我们发现了证据,表明在进行密集的禅宗冥想练习后,存在的孤立感减少了,关注他人的同情心增加了。这些结果表明,冥想练习可以帮助那些遭受存在孤立的人,以及与他们互动的人。
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引用次数: 1
When do I feel good when I am nice? A diary study about the relationship between prosocial behavior and well-being 当我友善的时候,我什么时候感觉很好?亲社会行为与幸福感关系的日记研究
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12975
Jana S. Kesenheimer, Andreas Kastenmüller, Lea-Sophie Kinkel, Beril Fidan, Tobias Greitemeyer

Previous research has shown that prosocial behavior not only benefits the person being helped, but also promotes the well-being of the person helping. Still, several specific characteristics of the helping situation have not yet been considered in one single study. Thus, we examined under which circumstances the helper's well-being is more or less positively influenced. We carried out a 7-day diary study with 363 participants who reported on their everyday prosocial behavior as well as their well-being. We examined the effect of 13 potential moderation variables based on theoretical assumptions of self-determination theory and theories about reciprocity and altruism, as well as invested resources. Overall, the results replicated the positive effect of prosocial behavior on well-being. However, the helper's autonomy, the recipient's gratitude and low responsibility for the situation, the improvement of the situation through helping, and low expected self-blame (when not helping) on the side of the helper were necessary conditions. Moreover, taking within-subject effects into consideration, significant random effects in multilevel models showed that the effect of prosocial behavior on well-being can highly differ from person to person, emphasizing that not all people under all circumstances are happier when they help others.

先前的研究表明,亲社会行为不仅有利于被帮助的人,而且也促进了帮助者的幸福感。尽管如此,在一项单独的研究中,还没有考虑到帮助情况的几个具体特征。因此,我们研究了在哪些情况下帮助者的幸福感或多或少受到积极影响。我们对363名参与者进行了为期7天的日记研究,他们报告了他们每天的亲社会行为以及他们的幸福感。基于自我决定理论和互惠利他理论的理论假设,以及投入的资源,研究了13个潜在调节变量的影响。总的来说,研究结果证实了亲社会行为对幸福感的积极影响。然而,帮助者的自主性、接受者的感激和对情境的低责任感、通过帮助改善情境、帮助者一方的低期望自责(当不帮助时)是必要条件。此外,考虑到主体内效应,多层次模型中的显著随机效应表明,亲社会行为对幸福感的影响可能因人而异,这强调了并非所有情况下所有人在帮助他人时都更快乐。
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引用次数: 0
Lowering the barriers to change: Can processing-related self-affirmations overcome resistance? 降低改变的障碍:处理相关的自我肯定能克服阻力吗?
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12977
Thomas Emonds, Thijs Verwijmeren, Barbara C. N. Müller

People often close themselves off to novel ideas without giving them adequate consideration. By doing so, they possibly miss out on important advantages these ideas may bring. One strategy that appears to effectively reduce such resistance involves self-affirming techniques, which aim to bolster one's self-concept by focusing on values of the self which are unrelated to the persuasion topic. The current study focuses on a new aspect that may be essential to increase its effectiveness, so-called “processing-related self-affirmations” which are related to how a person processes a message. We investigated the effect of processing-related self-affirmations on resistance to persuasion. Nonvegetarian participants were asked to apply a processing-related self-affirmation, an unrelated self-affirmation, or no self-affirmation before reading a scientific report about the merits of vegetarianism. Results showed participants were, depending on the weekly amount of meat consumed, more favorable toward the report after being affirmed on an unrelated value compared with participants who were not self-affirmed, but no similar effect was found for processing-related self-affirmations. We cautiously show that relatedness and compatibility with the persuasion domain may not be the only factors influencing this effect, and include relatedness of self-affirmations to the processing of the persuasive message as a possible new factor.

人们常常不去充分考虑新奇的想法。这样做,他们可能会错过这些想法可能带来的重要优势。一种似乎有效减少这种阻力的策略涉及自我肯定技巧,其目的是通过关注与说服主题无关的自我价值来增强一个人的自我概念。目前的研究集中在一个可能对提高其有效性至关重要的新方面,即所谓的“处理相关的自我肯定”,它与一个人如何处理信息有关。我们研究了加工相关的自我肯定对说服抵抗的影响。非素食者被要求在阅读一篇关于素食主义优点的科学报告之前进行与加工相关的自我肯定、不相关的自我肯定或不自我肯定。结果显示,与没有自我肯定的参与者相比,参与者在被肯定了一个不相关的价值后,对报告更有利,这取决于每周吃多少肉,但在与加工相关的自我肯定方面没有发现类似的效果。我们谨慎地表明,与说服域的相关性和兼容性可能不是影响这种效果的唯一因素,自我肯定与说服信息加工的相关性可能是一个新的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Systemic sexism recognition and antisexism encourage gender equality activism: An adaptation of bystander intervention theory 系统的性别歧视认知和反性别歧视鼓励性别平等行动:对旁观者干预理论的适应
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12976
Kristina G. Chamberlin, E. Ashby Plant

Although great strides have been made toward gender equality in the United States, continued progress is needed. The current paper adapts bystander intervention theory to delineate which individuals are more likely to engage in gender equality activism. We postulated that individuals who identify that systemic sexism causes gender inequalities (i.e., systemic sexism recognition) and who feel personally responsible for advocating against these inequities (i.e., high antisexism) should be most likely to engage in gender equality activism. Cross-sectional data (Studies 1 and 2) supported that systemic sexism recognition and antisexism were strong predictors of activism intent. Two experiments further demonstrated that exposure to educational paradigms designed to heighten these factors increased systemic sexism recognition (Study 3) and antisexism (Study 4), which were subsequently associated with greater gender equality activism.

尽管美国在性别平等方面已经取得了很大的进步,但还需要继续进步。本文采用旁观者干预理论来描述哪些个体更有可能参与性别平等行动主义。我们假设,那些认识到系统性性别歧视导致性别不平等(即,系统性性别歧视承认),并认为自己有责任倡导反对这些不平等(即,高度反性别歧视)的个人,应该最有可能参与性别平等行动主义。横断面数据(研究1和2)支持系统性性别歧视认知和反性别歧视是行动主义意图的强预测因子。两个实验进一步证明,接触旨在强化这些因素的教育范式会增加系统性的性别歧视认知(研究3)和反性别歧视(研究4),这随后与更大的性别平等行动主义有关。
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引用次数: 0
How feeling misidentified can drive negative attitudes yet increase performance: The role of appraisals 错误识别的感觉如何会导致消极态度,同时提高绩效:评估的作用
IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12973
Alyson Meister, Emma Zhao, Carol Gill, Karen (Etty) Jehn, Amanda Sinclair

Internal identity asymmetry is the uncomfortable experience of having one's identity mistaken—feeling being misidentified—by others at work. Through two longitudinal field studies of working individuals, we investigate the consequences of internal identity asymmetry on individuals' attitudes and work performance. Importantly, we incorporate the stress and coping literature to examine how the individual's cognitive appraisal of the asymmetry (of negative affect and coping resources), together moderate the experience. Furthermore, our results also show that appraisals of negative affect and coping resources moderate the relationship between internal identity asymmetry and performance, such that identity asymmetry may also motivate increased performance at work, depending on this appraisal. Our findings shed light on the importance of cognitive appraisal for identity incongruent experiences at work, and how they might be harnessed for positive outcomes depending on appraisal, which can be developed and strengthened over time.

内部身份不对称是指在工作中自己的身份被别人认错的不舒服的经历。通过对工作个体的两项纵向实地研究,我们探讨了内部身份不对称对个人态度和工作绩效的影响。重要的是,我们将压力和应对文献结合起来,研究个体对不对称(负面影响和应对资源)的认知评估如何共同调节体验。此外,我们的研究结果还表明,负面情绪和应对资源的评价调节了内部身份不对称与绩效之间的关系,因此,身份不对称也可能激励工作绩效的提高,这取决于这种评价。我们的研究结果揭示了认知评估对工作中身份不一致经历的重要性,以及如何根据评估来利用它们产生积极的结果,这种评估可以随着时间的推移而发展和加强。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Applied Social Psychology
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