Marine Policy最新文献_第8页

The ‘SoU’ must go on: Redefining the scope of the Bengal rule as an alternative to Article 76 of UNCLOS “主权争端”必须继续：重新定义孟加拉规则的范围，作为《联合国海洋法公约》第76条的替代

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106976

Ángeles Jiménez García-Carriazo , Luis Miguel Rioja Gallo , Teresa Medialdea Cela , Luis Somoza Losada

The Statement of Understanding (SoU) emerged as an alternative method for delineating the outer limits of the continental shelf. To prevent inequities for States whose sediment accumulation extends hundreds of kilometers seaward but whose foot of slope lies unusually close to their baselines, Sri Lanka championed this initiative. Although originally intended for the Bay of Bengal, the mechanism has since been invoked by other States that consider themselves to meet the relevant geological criteria. In this context, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Kenya, and Spain (in relation to the Galicia region) have all relied on the SoU. The central issue, however, lies in its interpretation. The SoU is set out in only five paragraphs contained in Annex II of the Final Act of UNCLOS, providing States with a degree of discretion. Nevertheless, the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) applies its own interpretative approach. This paper offers a legal and technical examination of the conditions required for applying the SoU method. It analyzes the legal framework governing its use, highlighting the challenges that arise in practice. A central focus is the interpretative role of the CLCS. Given the absence of clear standards and the intricacies of individual submissions, this study critically evaluates how the CLCS has addressed the uncertainties surrounding the SoU method. The analysis is grounded in a detailed review of State submissions and the practice of the CLCS, offering insights into the Commission’s evolving interpretative approach and the implications for coastal States seeking to extend their continental shelf.

谅解声明（SoU）作为划定大陆架外部界限的替代方法而出现。为防止沉积物向海延伸数百公里但坡脚异常靠近其基线的国家受到不公平待遇，斯里兰卡支持这一倡议。虽然这一机制最初是为孟加拉湾设立的，但自那以后，认为自己符合有关地质标准的其他国家也援引了这一机制。在这种情况下，缅甸、斯里兰卡、肯尼亚和西班牙（与加利西亚地区有关）都依赖于SoU。然而，核心问题在于对它的解释。《联合国海洋法公约》最后文件附件二仅在五段中规定了特别主权，给予各国一定程度的自由裁量权。然而，大陆架界限委员会（大陆架界限委员会）采用自己的解释方法。本文对应用SoU方法所需的条件进行了法律和技术上的考察。它分析了管理其使用的法律框架，突出了在实践中出现的挑战。中心焦点是CLCS的解释作用。鉴于缺乏明确的标准和个人提交的复杂性，本研究批判性地评估了CLCS如何解决围绕SoU方法的不确定性。该分析基于对各国提交的材料和《大陆架公约》实践的详细审查，提供了对委员会不断演变的解释方法及其对寻求扩大其大陆架的沿海国的影响的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Desecuritizing the arctic: Maritime governance in the Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage 北极的非安全化：北海航线和西北航道的海上治理

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106990

Gabriella Gricius

Arctic maritime routes such as the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the Northwest Passage (NWP) are often framed as geopolitical flashpoints in news media, yet states directly involved have largely avoided direct securitization. This article examines how Russia and Canada frame these passages in official discourse and policy, analyzing the dominance of desecuritization in their discursive approach. Drawing on a combination of discourse analysis and expert interviews, this paper finds a consistent pattern of desecuritization in both cases, albeit for different strategic reasons. While Russia emphasizes infrastructure and economic development, using technical language to legitimize control of the NSR, Canada, while occasionally invoking sovereignty and surveillance concerns, largely avoids confrontational rhetoric, especially with respect to its bilateral relationship with the United States. The paper argues that desecuritization serves as a form of strategic maritime governance that minimizes external scrutiny while asserting legal claims. These findings challenge assumptions about Arctic militarization and contribute to broader debates about how states manage maritime spaces under shifting environmental and geopolitical conditions.

北极海上航线，如北海航线（NSR）和西北航道（NWP），经常被新闻媒体视为地缘政治热点，但直接参与的国家在很大程度上避免了直接证券化。本文考察了俄罗斯和加拿大如何在官方话语和政策中构建这些段落，分析了在他们的话语方法中非非安全化的主导地位。结合话语分析和专家访谈，本文发现在这两种情况下，尽管出于不同的战略原因，但都存在一致的非安全化模式。俄罗斯强调基础设施和经济发展，使用技术语言使对“北方航道”的控制合法化，而加拿大虽然偶尔援引主权和监视方面的担忧，但在很大程度上避免了对抗性的言论，尤其是在与美国的双边关系方面。本文认为，非非安全化是一种战略性海洋治理形式，在主张法律主张的同时，最大限度地减少外部审查。这些发现挑战了有关北极军事化的假设，并有助于就各国如何在不断变化的环境和地缘政治条件下管理海洋空间展开更广泛的辩论。

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引用次数: 0

Governing biodiversity through offshore wind park tenders: A comparison of England and the Netherlands 通过海上风电场招标管理生物多样性：英国和荷兰的比较

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106977

Samantha G. Kristensen, Annet P. Pauwelussen, Simon R. Bush

As the construction of offshore wind parks expand globally, questions are being raised about their impacts on marine biodiversity. To mitigate these impacts, countries are embedding biodiversity conservation and restoration within their offshore wind tendering process. These tenders not only determine the technical design of offshore wind parks but also coordinate decisions on what kinds of biodiversity to conserve, enhance and/or restore. Using an inscription framework this paper compares how biodiversity assumptions and priorities influence the design of these tendering processes in England and the Netherlands. These cases show the different ways tendering processes constitute de facto approaches to biodiversity governance that demonstrate how institutional assumptions and priorities co-determine which future biodiversities are mitigated, enhanced or protected. By unpacking this black box of assumptions, priorities and ways of knowing, tendering processes can be made more reflexive, opening up deliberation on what kinds of biodiversity are being enacted through biodiversity assessments and tendering criteria, holding implications for future biodiversities associated with the expansion of marine infrastructure.

随着海上风电场的建设在全球范围内扩张，人们开始质疑它们对海洋生物多样性的影响。为了减轻这些影响，各国正在将生物多样性保护和恢复纳入其海上风电招标过程。这些招标不仅决定了海上风电场的技术设计，还协调了保护、加强和/或恢复何种生物多样性的决策。使用铭文框架，本文比较了生物多样性假设和优先事项如何影响英国和荷兰这些招标过程的设计。这些案例显示了招标过程构成生物多样性治理事实上的方法的不同方式，表明制度假设和优先事项如何共同决定未来哪些生物多样性得到缓解、加强或保护。通过解开假设、优先事项和了解方式的黑箱，招标过程可以更具反思性，通过生物多样性评估和招标标准，开放对正在制定何种生物多样性的审议，并对未来与海洋基础设施扩张相关的生物多样性产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

An ocean literacy intervention in elementary education: Exploring the society-nature relationship through the case of Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) 基础教育中的海洋素养干预：以瓜纳巴拉湾为例探讨社会-自然关系（巴西，里约热内卢）

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106971

Victor Hugo Cordeiro Vianna, Edson Pereira Silva, Carmen Edith Pazoto, Michelle Rezende Duarte, Luca Ribeiro Mendes Nicola

The socio-environmental crisis—characterized by pollution, biodiversity loss, climate emergencies, and hunger—stems from a society-nature relationship driven by the exchange value of natural resources at the expense of human needs. Educational interventions play a vital role in elucidating the structural causes of environmental degradation. Ocean Literacy (OL) is a movement that seeks to “understand the influence of the oceans on humans and vice versa”, offering a historical perspective for examining the relationship between society and nature. This study implemented an OL intervention centered on Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), engaging classes in situation of school retention in a public school in Niterói (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Activities included lectures, a mock trial, educational games, brainstorming sessions, and field trips. The results revealed that students initially lacked awareness of the Bay’s historical, economic, cultural, and social significance and showed limited interest in preservation efforts. However, after the intervention, students demonstrated an understanding that the Bay’s current state is the outcome of a historical process shaped by diverse social relations.

以污染、生物多样性丧失、气候紧急情况和饥饿为特征的社会-环境危机源于以牺牲人类需求为代价的自然资源交换价值所驱动的社会-自然关系。教育干预在阐明环境退化的结构性原因方面起着至关重要的作用。海洋素养（Ocean Literacy， OL）是一项旨在“了解海洋对人类的影响，以及海洋对人类的影响”的运动，为审视社会与自然之间的关系提供了一个历史视角。本研究以瓜纳巴拉湾（巴西里约热内卢，里约热内卢）为中心，在Niterói（巴西里约热内卢，里约热内卢）的一所公立学校实施了一项OL干预。活动包括讲座、模拟审判、教育游戏、头脑风暴会议和实地考察。结果显示，学生最初对湾区的历史、经济、文化和社会意义缺乏认识，对保护工作的兴趣有限。然而，在干预之后，学生们表现出一种理解，即海湾的现状是由不同社会关系形成的历史进程的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Maritime logbooks as strategic infrastructure: Policy, technology, and the future of port operations 作为战略基础设施的航海日志：政策、技术和港口运营的未来

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106975

Tiago Novaes Mathias , João Marcelo Leal Gomes , André Caron Zanezi , Rui Carlos Botter , Daniel de Oliveira Mota

In this study we re-frame an important data instrument in maritime operations named logbooks proposing a strategic and standardized event-based framework for vessels activity reporting. Designed from international policy instruments, historical milestones, and technological advancements, the study identifies critical shortcomings in the current fragmented and non-standardized logbook systems used across global maritime sectors. Through a comprehensive literature synthesis and policy review, the research outlines how digital logbooks integrated with other systems such as Automatic Identification System (AIS), Vessel Management System (VMS), Terminal Operating System (TOS), Vessel Traffic Management and Information System (VTMIS) and Port Community System (PCS) can improve operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and data interoperability. A structured timeline for the vessel is proposed, mapping key operational events from anchorage to departure and evaluating the automation potential of each phase. This timeline serves as both a practical tool for port performance management and as a foundation for predictive analytics, risk management, and sustainability assessment via time-related indicators. The paper highlights the dual implications for policy: improved traceability, legal accountability and coordination between port authorities, terminal operators, and regulatory agencies. The findings suggest that harmonizing logbook semantics with improved formats is essential to understand the potential of maritime digitization. The proposed timeline framework supports the development of globally aligned data taxonomies, scalable to varying institutional and technological capacities. Ultimately, the study also calls for inclusive international cooperation to institutionalize digital logbooks as dynamic governance tools central to future maritime logistics and policy frameworks.

在本研究中，我们重新构建了海上作业中一个重要的数据工具，即航海日志，为船舶活动报告提出了一个战略性和标准化的基于事件的框架。该研究从国际政策工具、历史里程碑和技术进步等方面进行设计，确定了目前全球海事部门使用的分散和非标准化日志系统的主要缺陷。通过全面的文献综合和政策审查，研究概述了数字日志如何与其他系统（如自动识别系统（AIS）、船舶管理系统（VMS）、码头操作系统（TOS）、船舶交通管理和信息系统（VTMIS）和港口社区系统（PCS））集成，以提高运营效率、法规遵从性和数据互操作性。提出了船舶的结构化时间表，绘制了从锚地到离港的关键操作事件，并评估了每个阶段的自动化潜力。该时间表既是港口绩效管理的实用工具，也是通过与时间相关的指标进行预测分析、风险管理和可持续性评估的基础。该文件强调了政策的双重影响：改善可追溯性、法律问责制以及港口当局、码头运营商和监管机构之间的协调。研究结果表明，协调日志语义与改进格式对于理解海事数字化的潜力至关重要。拟议的时间表框架支持开发全球一致的数据分类法，可根据不同的机构和技术能力进行扩展。最后，该研究还呼吁开展包容性的国际合作，将数字日志制度化，使其成为未来海上物流和政策框架的动态治理工具。

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引用次数: 0

‘Marine Space Oddities’ - overlapping conservation designations – do we need all the different local, national, regional and global categories? “海洋空间奇异物”-重叠的保育指定-我们是否需要所有不同的地方、国家、区域和全球类别？

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106960

Eva Amorim , Michael Elliott

Marine nature conservation management is based on either defined areas or named species and/or habitats, i.e. those attributes termed conservation objectives. This has created many local, national, regional and global spatial designations, each of which needs to be defined and operationalised by criteria. This study analyses the criteria for eight international designations used to select marine areas of conservation importance. For the different designations, 39 individual criteria were reviewed, interpreted and grouped into 13 main criteria attributes. A multivariate cluster analysis then determined the similarity between designations according to the criteria attributes and the similarity in criteria according to the designations. This indicated redundancy and overlap in the selection criteria of the different designations used by marine management authorities, suggesting that streamlining or consolidating similar designations would enhance efficiency and reduce duplication of effort in marine conservation. This shows a notable flaw in the designations that most not only require a minimum of a single criterion irrespective of the total but that many designations are similar with only semantic differences. Finally, the paper suggests, for further testing, practical steps to enhance the integration of existing conservation designations and gives a comprehensive definition of what a complete conservation designation should include.

海洋自然保育管理是基于划定的区域或已命名的物种及/或生境，即那些被称为保育目标的属性。这产生了许多地方、国家、区域和全球的空间名称，每个空间名称都需要根据标准进行定义和操作。本研究分析了用于选择具有重要保护意义的海洋区域的八个国际指定的标准。对于不同的名称，39个单独的标准进行了审查，解释和分组为13个主要标准属性。然后，多变量聚类分析根据标准属性确定指定之间的相似性和根据指定的标准相似性。这显示海洋管理当局在选择不同名称的标准上有冗余和重叠，建议精简或合并类似的名称，可提高效率和减少海洋保育工作的重复。这显示了名称中一个明显的缺陷，即大多数名称不仅需要至少一个标准，而不考虑总数，而且许多名称相似，只有语义差异。最后，为了进一步检验，本文提出了加强现有保护区划整合的实际步骤，并对一个完整的保护区划应该包括什么进行了全面的定义。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging borders: Toward alignment of environmental regulations in the Salish Sea for whale conservation 弥合边界：朝着萨利希海鲸鱼保护环境法规的方向发展

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106970

Chloe Victoria Robinson

The Salish Sea is a dynamic and ecologically significant inland sea on the west coast of North America. This area has supported Indigenous and Tribal communities for millennia. With increasing human activity, this area is now one of the most heavily used coastlines in the world, and as such, has been experiencing declines in both biodiversity and ecosystem health. Within the Salish Sea, cetacean species, especially killer whales (Orcinus orca) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), are under pressure from vessel disturbance, prey availability, water pollution, and habitat degradation. Numerous policies and regulations across both Canada and the United States have been enacted to protect coastal ecosystems and reduce these threats on cetaceans, however there are challenges in ensuring adequate overlap of protections between state, provincial, and federal measures. This study gathered information and insights on alignments and gaps in policies and regulations covering the Salish Sea which pertain to killer and humpback whales and some key prey species. Numerous discrepancies were highlighted, especially concerning vessel approach distances, fisheries management, critical habitat designation criteria, and pollution standards. These discrepancies are contributing to the imminent extinction risk for the endangered Southern Resident killer whale population. This study proposes that establishing aligned recovery strategies, especially for Southern Residents and salmon, leveraging new science to expand existing protections to further reduce vessel disturbance and strike risk, and increasing Indigenous and Tribal co-management of the Salish Sea ecosystem will enhance transboundary cooperation and improve the long-term outlook for whales and their prey.

萨利希海是北美西海岸一个动态的、具有重要生态意义的内陆海。几千年来，这个地区一直支持着土著和部落社区。随着人类活动的增加，该地区现在是世界上使用最频繁的海岸线之一，因此，生物多样性和生态系统健康都在下降。在萨利希海，鲸类动物，特别是虎鲸（Orcinus orca）和座头鲸（Megaptera novaeangliae）正面临着来自船只干扰、猎物供应、水污染和栖息地退化的压力。加拿大和美国已经制定了许多政策和法规来保护沿海生态系统，减少对鲸类动物的威胁，然而，在确保州、省和联邦措施之间的保护充分重叠方面存在挑战。这项研究收集了关于萨利希海有关虎鲸、座头鲸和一些主要猎物物种的政策和法规的一致性和差距的信息和见解。强调了许多差异，特别是在船只接近距离、渔业管理、关键生境指定标准和污染标准方面。这些差异导致濒临灭绝的南方虎鲸种群面临即将灭绝的危险。本研究提出，制定一致的恢复战略，特别是针对南部居民和鲑鱼，利用新科学扩大现有的保护措施，进一步减少船只干扰和袭击风险，增加土著和部落对萨利希海生态系统的共同管理，将加强跨界合作，改善鲸鱼及其猎物的长期前景。

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引用次数: 0

Sea level rise: A plea for taking the viewpoint of the ocean 海平面上升：对海洋视角的请求

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106972

Roberto Casati , Augustin Portier , Clément Astruc Delor , Bernadette Baird-Zars , Christophe Cerino , Oscar Julian Esteban-Cantillo , Damien Eveillard , Stefano Malatesta , Marcella Schmidt di Friedberg

Sea levels have risen an average of 1.5 mm/y over the twentieth century and are predicted to further rise by 2100, in particular under the SSP5–8.5 scenario. Although the consequences of rising sea levels for coastal areas have been observed, predicted, and discussed in the literature, the concerns predominantly addressed are understandably issued from a land-centric perspective. Little consideration has been devoted to systematically studying the consequences of submersion for the sea itself. We suggest that the viewpoint of the ocean should be included in future research and policy-making, inviting the coordination of three main research areas: 1. What parts of land will be submerged? 2. What human infrastructure and non-human features will be reclaimed by the sea? 3. What kind of effects will the submerged infrastructure and features have on the marine environment and its inhabitants? We detail some models and challenges, and advocate for an integrated study of the Marine Impacts of Sea Level Rise (MISR).

在20世纪，海平面平均上升了1.5 毫米/年，预计到2100年将进一步上升，特别是在SSP5-8.5情景下。虽然海平面上升对沿海地区的影响已经在文献中进行了观察、预测和讨论，但可以理解的是，主要关注的问题是从以陆地为中心的角度提出的。很少有人系统地研究海水淹没对海洋本身的影响。我们建议将海洋观点纳入未来的研究和决策中，并邀请三个主要研究领域的协调：1。哪些部分的土地会被淹没？2. 哪些人类基础设施和非人类特征将被海洋填海？3. 水下的基础设施和特征会对海洋环境和居民产生怎样的影响？我们详细介绍了一些模型和挑战，并提倡对海平面上升（MISR）的海洋影响进行综合研究。

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引用次数: 0

Industrial fishing compliance with a new marine corridor near the Galapagos Islands 工业捕鱼符合加拉帕戈斯群岛附近的新海洋走廊

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106968

Easton R. White , Alex Hearn , Nicolas Moity , Jorge Ramírez-González , Julia Saltzman , César Viteri-Mejía , Sarah Enright , María José Barragán-Paladines

Quantifying fishing pressure in under-resourced marine regions remains a challenge to understanding the patterns and impacts of fishing. These issues are compounded in areas with complex marine zoning regulations or those that have changed over time. Here, we use satellite-based fishing vessel positioning to study industrial fishing effort in within Ecuador's Insular Exclusive Economic Zone (I-EEZ), which includes areas open to all fishing, the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) and the newly-established Hermandad Marine Reserve (HMR). From 2019–2023, we identified 145 large, industrial (non-artisanal) fishing vessels (910 gross tonnage on average) from 10 countries fishing within the I-EEZ outside the GMR. Eighty-seven percent of the fishing effort was accounted for by Ecuadorian vessels using tuna purse seines and drifting longlines in equal proportions, while the effort of foreign vessels was accounted for by tuna purse seines. In this time window, we observed 64,626 h of fishing within the I-EEZ. In addition, we studied the effect of a newly declared marine protected area (MPA) in 2022, known as the Hermandad Marine Reserve, which created an additional 60,000 square kilometers of protected area. We documented an 88 % decrease in fishing effort within the Hermandad Marine Reserve after its implementation. Collectively, our results highlight the wide range of fishing activities within and around the HMR marine protected area, especially for migratory marine megafauna.

量化资源不足海洋区域的捕捞压力仍然是了解捕捞模式和影响的一个挑战。这些问题在海洋分区法规复杂的地区或随着时间的推移而发生变化的地区更加复杂。在这里，我们使用基于卫星的渔船定位来研究厄瓜多尔岛屿专属经济区（I-EEZ）内的工业捕鱼活动，该经济区包括对所有捕鱼开放的区域、加拉帕戈斯海洋保护区（GMR）和新建立的赫尔曼达德海洋保护区（HMR）。从2019年至2023年，我们确定了来自10个国家的145艘大型工业（非手工）渔船（平均910总吨）在GMR以外的I-EEZ内捕鱼。厄瓜多尔渔船使用金枪鱼围网和漂浮延绳钓进行捕捞，占总捕捞量的87%，而外国渔船则使用金枪鱼围网进行捕捞。在这个时间窗口内，我们在I-EEZ内观察到64,626 h的捕捞活动。此外，我们还研究了2022年新宣布的海洋保护区（MPA）的影响，该保护区被称为Hermandad海洋保护区，它创造了额外的60,000平方公里的保护区。我们记录了在实施后，Hermandad海洋保护区的捕鱼努力减少了88 %。总的来说，我们的结果突出了在HMR海洋保护区内和周围的广泛捕鱼活动，特别是对迁徙的海洋巨型动物。

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引用次数: 0

Bayesian strategies in the South Pacific: Geopolitical dynamics of fisheries, sovereignty, and power 南太平洋的贝叶斯策略：渔业、主权和权力的地缘政治动态

IF 3.7 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106969

María Gabriela Cueva-Jiménez , David Jacome-Ponce , Víctor Hugo Masson Fiallos , José Luis Castillo Egüez , Ana Belén Tulcanaza-Prieto

This study examines the governance of high seas fisheries in the Southeast Pacific, focusing on Ecuador’s dual challenge of safeguarding maritime sovereignty and sustaining trade relations amid intensifying geopolitical competition between China and the United States. The purpose is to assess how structural capacity constraints, coupled with global power dynamics, shape Ecuador’s ability to counter illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Methodologically, the research integrates qualitative geopolitical analysis with a two-stage Bayesian Stackelberg game model to simulate sequential strategic interactions among Ecuador, China, the United States, and the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization (SPRFMO). Findings reveal that Ecuador faces persistent incursions by China’s distant-water fishing (DWF) fleet, limited enforcement capacity in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the continental and the insular area, growing United States-China rivalry, and the risk of significant biomass degradation in key species. The implications are twofold: Ecuador must pursue cooperative mechanisms, such as regional anti-IUU alliances and stricter SPRFMO measures, while safeguarding critical economic agreements like its 2024 Free Trade Agreement with China. The contribution lies in bridging geopolitical, environmental, and economic perspectives within fisheries governance and offering a game-theoretic framework for policy design. Limitations include reliance on open-source datasets, focus on Ecuador’s perspective, and simplified modeling assumptions. Future research should adopt comparative, interdisciplinary, and data-intensive approaches to strengthen fisheries governance in contested maritime zones.

本研究考察了东南太平洋公海渔业的治理，重点关注厄瓜多尔在中美地缘政治竞争加剧的情况下维护海洋主权和维持贸易关系的双重挑战。目的是评估结构性能力限制以及全球权力动态如何影响厄瓜多尔打击非法、不报告和不管制（IUU）捕鱼的能力。在方法上，本研究将定性地缘政治分析与两阶段贝叶斯Stackelberg博弈模型相结合，模拟厄瓜多尔、中国、美国和南太平洋区域渔业管理组织（SPRFMO）之间的顺序战略互动。研究结果表明，厄瓜多尔面临着中国远洋捕鱼船队（DWF）的持续入侵，其在大陆和岛屿地区的专属经济区（EEZ）的执法能力有限，美中竞争日益加剧，以及关键物种显著生物量退化的风险。其影响是双重的：厄瓜多尔必须寻求合作机制，如区域反iuu联盟和更严格的SPRFMO措施，同时维护关键的经济协议，如与中国的2024年自由贸易协定。其贡献在于在渔业治理中衔接地缘政治、环境和经济观点，并为政策设计提供博弈论框架。限制包括依赖于开源数据集，关注厄瓜多尔的视角，简化建模假设。未来的研究应采用比较的、跨学科的和数据密集型的方法来加强有争议海域的渔业治理。

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引用次数: 0