Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2168782
Shuye Zhang, Ying-Chi Chen, Dayin Wang, P. He
ABSTRACT Recently, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been widely studied for the development of flexible and wearable electronics. Among the various methods for TENG modification, melting near-field direct writing is a new method to fabricate solid-liquid TENG. Here, the electrospun PCL was introduced with traditional polymers to fabricate the compound solid triboelectric layer, and water, dimethicone and GaIn were chosen as the liquid triboelectric layers. In this paper, the solid substrate effect, temperature gradient effect, and the liquid substrate effect were compared in terms of TENGs. A free-standing model of TENG is employed in this paper, and the charge generated by the PCL-PI composite solid triboelectrical solid layer is more than 10 times higher than the pristine one, showing the high charge generating ability to melt near-field direct written microfibers. Furthermore, detailed investigation will be discussed how we can get a high the out-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Solid–liquid contact TENG using a melting near-field direct writing PCL nano-fiber structure","authors":"Shuye Zhang, Ying-Chi Chen, Dayin Wang, P. He","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2168782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2168782","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recently, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been widely studied for the development of flexible and wearable electronics. Among the various methods for TENG modification, melting near-field direct writing is a new method to fabricate solid-liquid TENG. Here, the electrospun PCL was introduced with traditional polymers to fabricate the compound solid triboelectric layer, and water, dimethicone and GaIn were chosen as the liquid triboelectric layers. In this paper, the solid substrate effect, temperature gradient effect, and the liquid substrate effect were compared in terms of TENGs. A free-standing model of TENG is employed in this paper, and the charge generated by the PCL-PI composite solid triboelectrical solid layer is more than 10 times higher than the pristine one, showing the high charge generating ability to melt near-field direct written microfibers. Furthermore, detailed investigation will be discussed how we can get a high the out-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"90 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Nanofiber networks are effective structural forms to utilize the excellent nanoscale properties of nanofibers in macro scale. Properly tuning the anisotropic degree of fiber orientation distribution can maximize the macroscopic mechanical properties of random nanofiber networks in a specific direction. However, the reinforcing mechanism of the anisotropic orientation distribution to the elastic behavior has not been fully understood. In this paper, the effect of anisotropic orientation distribution of nanofibers on the elastic behavior of network is studied based on the modulus-density scaling relation and stiffness thresholds. The uniaxial modulus of network is determined by both the orientation angle of each fiber and interconnectivity of the random fiber network. With the increase of anisotropic degree, the contribution of fiber orientation angle to the network modulus of the preferential direction increases and gradually tends to a constant, while the interconnectivity of the networks decreases, which may reduce the loadability of network. Therefore, at a given network density, the uniaxial modulus along the preferential direction first increases to a maximum value and then decreases with the increase of the anisotropic degree. Furthermore, an expression to predict the optimal anisotropic degrees corresponding to the maximum uniaxial moduli at different network densities is established. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Optimal alignment for maximizing the uniaxial modulus of 2D anisotropic random nanofiber networks","authors":"Baorang Cui, Fei Pan, Jingxiu Zhang, Feng Zhang, Yong Ma, Yu-Ling Chen","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2179681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2179681","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nanofiber networks are effective structural forms to utilize the excellent nanoscale properties of nanofibers in macro scale. Properly tuning the anisotropic degree of fiber orientation distribution can maximize the macroscopic mechanical properties of random nanofiber networks in a specific direction. However, the reinforcing mechanism of the anisotropic orientation distribution to the elastic behavior has not been fully understood. In this paper, the effect of anisotropic orientation distribution of nanofibers on the elastic behavior of network is studied based on the modulus-density scaling relation and stiffness thresholds. The uniaxial modulus of network is determined by both the orientation angle of each fiber and interconnectivity of the random fiber network. With the increase of anisotropic degree, the contribution of fiber orientation angle to the network modulus of the preferential direction increases and gradually tends to a constant, while the interconnectivity of the networks decreases, which may reduce the loadability of network. Therefore, at a given network density, the uniaxial modulus along the preferential direction first increases to a maximum value and then decreases with the increase of the anisotropic degree. Furthermore, an expression to predict the optimal anisotropic degrees corresponding to the maximum uniaxial moduli at different network densities is established. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"122 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46223503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A material-structure integrated design method is proposed in this paper, with which micropillar and microwedge arrayed surfaces are fabricated based on a novel nanoparticle-reinforced silicone rubber composite (NRSRC) with high mechanical strength and strong surface adhesion. It is found that the micropillar-arrayed surface and the microwedge-arrayed surface show a normal adhesive strength of 50.9 kPa and a shear adhesive strength of 137.3 kPa, respectively, which are much higher than those of previously reported adhesive surfaces made by pure soft polymers. Furthermore, the microwedge-arrayed surface shows not only strong and stable adhesion on rough and smooth substrates but also an obvious anisotropy in the adhesion property. The latter consequently leads to an easy control of the attachment/detachment switch, which is evidenced by a mechanical gripper with a microwedged surface. Therefore, firmly picking up and easily releasing a heavy glass plate can be realized. All these results demonstrate the apparent advantages of the present composite-based fibrillar surfaces in achieving reliable and reversible adhesion and should have promising applications for manufacturing advanced adhesive devices, such as mechanical fixtures, portable climbing equipment and space robots. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"A strong and reversible adhesive fibrillar surface based on an advanced composite with high strength and strong adhesion","authors":"Jian Liu, Yin Yao, Shaohua Chen, Xiaohong Li, Zhijun Zhang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2168783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2168783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A material-structure integrated design method is proposed in this paper, with which micropillar and microwedge arrayed surfaces are fabricated based on a novel nanoparticle-reinforced silicone rubber composite (NRSRC) with high mechanical strength and strong surface adhesion. It is found that the micropillar-arrayed surface and the microwedge-arrayed surface show a normal adhesive strength of 50.9 kPa and a shear adhesive strength of 137.3 kPa, respectively, which are much higher than those of previously reported adhesive surfaces made by pure soft polymers. Furthermore, the microwedge-arrayed surface shows not only strong and stable adhesion on rough and smooth substrates but also an obvious anisotropy in the adhesion property. The latter consequently leads to an easy control of the attachment/detachment switch, which is evidenced by a mechanical gripper with a microwedged surface. Therefore, firmly picking up and easily releasing a heavy glass plate can be realized. All these results demonstrate the apparent advantages of the present composite-based fibrillar surfaces in achieving reliable and reversible adhesion and should have promising applications for manufacturing advanced adhesive devices, such as mechanical fixtures, portable climbing equipment and space robots. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"103 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48404758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2166143
Fenghua Zhang, Lu Wang, Qiangwang Geng, Yanju Liu, J. Leng, S. Smoukov
ABSTRACT Research on microcapsules has been conducted in recent years given trends in miniaturization and novel functionalization. In this work, we designed and prepared a series of unique shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) microcapsules with stimuli-responsive functions. The microcapsule has a core-shell structure in which the surface morphology can be adjusted, and it has a certain load-bearing capacity. In addition, the SMPU microcapsule has a stimuli-responsive function for shape memory and solvent response. The temperature of its shape recovery is approximately body temperature, and it can swell to rupture under the stimulation of organic solvents. Thus, the SMPU microcapsule has potential applications in biomedical fields, such as drug release. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Adjustable volume and loading release of shape memory polymer microcapsules","authors":"Fenghua Zhang, Lu Wang, Qiangwang Geng, Yanju Liu, J. Leng, S. Smoukov","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2166143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2166143","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on microcapsules has been conducted in recent years given trends in miniaturization and novel functionalization. In this work, we designed and prepared a series of unique shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) microcapsules with stimuli-responsive functions. The microcapsule has a core-shell structure in which the surface morphology can be adjusted, and it has a certain load-bearing capacity. In addition, the SMPU microcapsule has a stimuli-responsive function for shape memory and solvent response. The temperature of its shape recovery is approximately body temperature, and it can swell to rupture under the stimulation of organic solvents. Thus, the SMPU microcapsule has potential applications in biomedical fields, such as drug release. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"77 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41713726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2158958
Li Wang, Q. Yang, Yong Yang, Kun Luo, Ruqing Bai
ABSTRACT Here, a series of polyurethane porous hydrogels (PUF-s) loaded with different sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were successfully prepared by one-step foaming method. The physio-chemical properties and morphologies were characterized. The effects of CMC content, adsorbent dosage, temperature, pH value and other factors on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye in water by CMC-PUF-s were also investigated through static adsorption experiments. The results showed that CMC-PUF-10 had excellent adsorption performance for MB solution with removal rate of 81.47%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.5 mg/g. In addition, the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of MB by CMC-PUF was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption thermodynamics study suggested that the adsorption process of MB by CMC-PUF-10 was spontaneous and exothermic at room temperature. The results of cyclic adsorption experiment demonstrated that the removal rate of MB reached above 70% after five cycles, indicating the foams with excellent recyclability. Finally, a low-cost, environmentally friendly and recyclable MB adsorbent was synthesized in this study. As polyurethane foam was synthesized by one-step foaming method, this adsorbent can be prepared on site in practical application and reduce the transportation cost. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Porous polyurethane hydrogels incorporated with CMC for eliminating methylene blue from water","authors":"Li Wang, Q. Yang, Yong Yang, Kun Luo, Ruqing Bai","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2158958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2158958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Here, a series of polyurethane porous hydrogels (PUF-s) loaded with different sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were successfully prepared by one-step foaming method. The physio-chemical properties and morphologies were characterized. The effects of CMC content, adsorbent dosage, temperature, pH value and other factors on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye in water by CMC-PUF-s were also investigated through static adsorption experiments. The results showed that CMC-PUF-10 had excellent adsorption performance for MB solution with removal rate of 81.47%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.5 mg/g. In addition, the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of MB by CMC-PUF was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption thermodynamics study suggested that the adsorption process of MB by CMC-PUF-10 was spontaneous and exothermic at room temperature. The results of cyclic adsorption experiment demonstrated that the removal rate of MB reached above 70% after five cycles, indicating the foams with excellent recyclability. Finally, a low-cost, environmentally friendly and recyclable MB adsorbent was synthesized in this study. As polyurethane foam was synthesized by one-step foaming method, this adsorbent can be prepared on site in practical application and reduce the transportation cost. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"57 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41609608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2152128
Wenjie Sun, Huwei Liang, Fei Zhang, Bo Li
ABSTRACT Dielectric elastomer actuators have attracted growing interest for soft robot due to their large deformation and fast response. However, continuous high-voltage loading tends to cause the electric breakdown of the actuator due to heat accumulation, and viscoelasticity complicates precise control. The snap-through bistability of the Venus flytrap is one of the essential inspirations for bionic structure, which can be adopted to improve the shortcoming of dielectric elastomer actuators and develop a new actuation structure with low energy consumption, variable configuration, and multi-mode actuation. Hence, in this paper, the structural design principles of electroactive bistable actuators are first presented based on the total potential energy of the structure. Following that, a feasible design parameter region is provided, the influence of crucial parameters on the actuation stroke, trigger voltage, and actuation charge are discussed. Finally, according to the coupling relationship between the bending stiffness and the bistable property of the actuator, the adjusting methods of bistable actuation are explored. A qualitative experiment was performed to verify the feasibility and correctness of the bistable design methodology and the actuation regulation strategy. This study provides significant theoretical guidance and technical support for developing and applying dielectric elastomer actuators with multi-mode, high-performance, and long-life characteristics. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Theoretical study of the electroactive bistable actuator and regulation methods","authors":"Wenjie Sun, Huwei Liang, Fei Zhang, Bo Li","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2152128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2152128","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dielectric elastomer actuators have attracted growing interest for soft robot due to their large deformation and fast response. However, continuous high-voltage loading tends to cause the electric breakdown of the actuator due to heat accumulation, and viscoelasticity complicates precise control. The snap-through bistability of the Venus flytrap is one of the essential inspirations for bionic structure, which can be adopted to improve the shortcoming of dielectric elastomer actuators and develop a new actuation structure with low energy consumption, variable configuration, and multi-mode actuation. Hence, in this paper, the structural design principles of electroactive bistable actuators are first presented based on the total potential energy of the structure. Following that, a feasible design parameter region is provided, the influence of crucial parameters on the actuation stroke, trigger voltage, and actuation charge are discussed. Finally, according to the coupling relationship between the bending stiffness and the bistable property of the actuator, the adjusting methods of bistable actuation are explored. A qualitative experiment was performed to verify the feasibility and correctness of the bistable design methodology and the actuation regulation strategy. This study provides significant theoretical guidance and technical support for developing and applying dielectric elastomer actuators with multi-mode, high-performance, and long-life characteristics. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"36 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42356594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2142317
M. Fan, Pengcheng Yu, Z. Xiao
ABSTRACT Flexoelectric effect can be used to design actuators to control engineering structures including beams, plates, and shells. Multiple flexoelectric actuators method has the advantage of less stress concentration and better control effect, but the mode-dependent optimal actuator locations could influence the flexoelectric actuation effect significantly. In this work, a neural network model is established to study the optimal combinations of multiple flexoelectric actuators on a rectangular plate. In the physical model, an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe was employed to generate an electric field gradient in the flexoelectric patch, so that flexoelectric control force and moment can be obtained. Multiple flexoelectric actuators on the plate was considered. Case studies showed that the flexoelectricity induced stress mainly concentrate near the probe, the size and shape of the flexoelectric patch have limited effect on the actuation, hence, only the actuator positions were choosing as the input of the ANN model. Using the prediction of the neural network model, the driving effect of a large number of actuators at different positions can be quickly obtained, and the optimal position of the actuator can be analyzed more accurately. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"An artificial neural network model for multi-flexoelectric actuation of Plates","authors":"M. Fan, Pengcheng Yu, Z. Xiao","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2142317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2142317","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flexoelectric effect can be used to design actuators to control engineering structures including beams, plates, and shells. Multiple flexoelectric actuators method has the advantage of less stress concentration and better control effect, but the mode-dependent optimal actuator locations could influence the flexoelectric actuation effect significantly. In this work, a neural network model is established to study the optimal combinations of multiple flexoelectric actuators on a rectangular plate. In the physical model, an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe was employed to generate an electric field gradient in the flexoelectric patch, so that flexoelectric control force and moment can be obtained. Multiple flexoelectric actuators on the plate was considered. Case studies showed that the flexoelectricity induced stress mainly concentrate near the probe, the size and shape of the flexoelectric patch have limited effect on the actuation, hence, only the actuator positions were choosing as the input of the ANN model. Using the prediction of the neural network model, the driving effect of a large number of actuators at different positions can be quickly obtained, and the optimal position of the actuator can be analyzed more accurately. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"713 - 734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46094399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2133187
Zicai Zhu, Changsheng Bian, Wanfa Bai, Qiao Hu, S. H. A. Chen
ABSTRACT Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are typical smart materials that are commonly used in bionic applications, including soft robots, bionic flapping aircraft, and bionic fish. However, their low output force seriously limits device performance. Stacking of multiple IPMC actuators to improve the overall performance of soft actuators is a strategy that is used in practical applications. Under the energy dissipation condition in the IPMC stacking structure, if each single IPMC in the structure has high power density, the structure will produce excellent performance with high efficiency that can greatly promote wider application of IPMC actuators. To meet this requirement, a method for fabrication process integration with multiple optimized factors was used to obtain IPMC materials in this paper. Carbon nanotube (CNT) doping, isopropyl alcohol-assisted plating, and hot pressing with a mesoscopic structural mold were selected as typical optimization methods for process integration and were initially investigated separately to determine the optimal process parameters. By combining the best process parameters in an integrated process, the IPMC treated by isopropyl alcohol-assisted plating and CNT doping process (No. AC7) showed excellent actuation performance and high work density (~9.71/12.36 gf, ~14.93/31.89 kJ/m3 under 3/4 VDC). The enhanced performance meets the requirements for practical bionic applications. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Integrated fabrication process with multiple optimized factors for high power density of IPMC actuator","authors":"Zicai Zhu, Changsheng Bian, Wanfa Bai, Qiao Hu, S. H. A. Chen","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2133187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2133187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are typical smart materials that are commonly used in bionic applications, including soft robots, bionic flapping aircraft, and bionic fish. However, their low output force seriously limits device performance. Stacking of multiple IPMC actuators to improve the overall performance of soft actuators is a strategy that is used in practical applications. Under the energy dissipation condition in the IPMC stacking structure, if each single IPMC in the structure has high power density, the structure will produce excellent performance with high efficiency that can greatly promote wider application of IPMC actuators. To meet this requirement, a method for fabrication process integration with multiple optimized factors was used to obtain IPMC materials in this paper. Carbon nanotube (CNT) doping, isopropyl alcohol-assisted plating, and hot pressing with a mesoscopic structural mold were selected as typical optimization methods for process integration and were initially investigated separately to determine the optimal process parameters. By combining the best process parameters in an integrated process, the IPMC treated by isopropyl alcohol-assisted plating and CNT doping process (No. AC7) showed excellent actuation performance and high work density (~9.71/12.36 gf, ~14.93/31.89 kJ/m3 under 3/4 VDC). The enhanced performance meets the requirements for practical bionic applications. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"643 - 667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47817594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2130466
R. C. Bell, N. Wereley
ABSTRACT The yield stress of magnetorheological (MR) fluids has been shown to depend on particle morphology, but the exact nature of this contribution is still not fully understood. In this study, MR fluids containing 4 vol. % cobalt particles (spherical particles vs. nanowires) suspended in silicone oil were investigated. The influence of the aspect ratio on the rheological properties of suspensions that contained cobalt nanowires with aspect ratios ranging from 10 to 101 in increments of ~6 is described. The cobalt nanowires were fabricated using alumina template-based electrodeposition, producing wires with 305 ± 66 nm diameters. The shear stress was measured as a function of shear rate for increasing applied magnetic fields. The apparent yield stress and viscosity as a function of changing aspect ratio of the nanowire suspensions were determined. At a saturated magnetic flux density, the yield stress was found to increase linearly up to an aspect ratio of 23 (7.1 μm long wires) at which time the yield stress reached a plateau of 3.7 kPa even as the aspect ratio was further increased. As a comparison, suspensions containing 4 vol. % 1.6 μm spherical cobalt particles only reached a maximum yield stress of 1.6 kPa. Graphical abstract
{"title":"The influence of aspect ratio on the properties of cobalt nanowire-based magnetorheological fluids","authors":"R. C. Bell, N. Wereley","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2130466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2130466","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The yield stress of magnetorheological (MR) fluids has been shown to depend on particle morphology, but the exact nature of this contribution is still not fully understood. In this study, MR fluids containing 4 vol. % cobalt particles (spherical particles vs. nanowires) suspended in silicone oil were investigated. The influence of the aspect ratio on the rheological properties of suspensions that contained cobalt nanowires with aspect ratios ranging from 10 to 101 in increments of ~6 is described. The cobalt nanowires were fabricated using alumina template-based electrodeposition, producing wires with 305 ± 66 nm diameters. The shear stress was measured as a function of shear rate for increasing applied magnetic fields. The apparent yield stress and viscosity as a function of changing aspect ratio of the nanowire suspensions were determined. At a saturated magnetic flux density, the yield stress was found to increase linearly up to an aspect ratio of 23 (7.1 μm long wires) at which time the yield stress reached a plateau of 3.7 kPa even as the aspect ratio was further increased. As a comparison, suspensions containing 4 vol. % 1.6 μm spherical cobalt particles only reached a maximum yield stress of 1.6 kPa. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"626 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41441997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2133188
Liru Yao, Huixuan Yan, Yifan He, Nan Zhao, Xiuxiu Wang, Chensha Li, Liguo Sun, Yang He, Yanju Liu, Jianqi Zhang
ABSTRACT Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) have been utilized as an important class of smart actuator materials. However, the modest actuation mechanical and robustness performances remain a challenge. Inspired by the specific structures, well mechanical properties and physico-chemical characteristics of some natural plant fibers, a composite of thiol-acrylate main-chain LCE matrix incorporated with catkin fibers is designed and developed. The catkin fibers build a network as reinforcement phase, and demonstrate effective compatibility and integration property with the matrix, their high flexibility can be adapted to the large deformational performance of LCE matrix. The prepared LCE composite demonstrates strong mechanical actuation properties. The modulus and driving force triggered by the stimuli are obviously increased. The tensile strength and fatigue failure resistant property under high loadings and repeated cycles of thermal actuation or photothermal actuation are greatly enhanced. While the stimulus response deformation rate, phase transition temperature and liquid crystal phase structure of the LCE matrix, and so on, do not weaken or change. This work promotes the LCE materials’application potential and broadens the application value of natural plant fibers. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Actuation performances of catkin fibers reinforced thiol-acrylate main-chain liquid crystalline elastomer","authors":"Liru Yao, Huixuan Yan, Yifan He, Nan Zhao, Xiuxiu Wang, Chensha Li, Liguo Sun, Yang He, Yanju Liu, Jianqi Zhang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2133188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2133188","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) have been utilized as an important class of smart actuator materials. However, the modest actuation mechanical and robustness performances remain a challenge. Inspired by the specific structures, well mechanical properties and physico-chemical characteristics of some natural plant fibers, a composite of thiol-acrylate main-chain LCE matrix incorporated with catkin fibers is designed and developed. The catkin fibers build a network as reinforcement phase, and demonstrate effective compatibility and integration property with the matrix, their high flexibility can be adapted to the large deformational performance of LCE matrix. The prepared LCE composite demonstrates strong mechanical actuation properties. The modulus and driving force triggered by the stimuli are obviously increased. The tensile strength and fatigue failure resistant property under high loadings and repeated cycles of thermal actuation or photothermal actuation are greatly enhanced. While the stimulus response deformation rate, phase transition temperature and liquid crystal phase structure of the LCE matrix, and so on, do not weaken or change. This work promotes the LCE materials’application potential and broadens the application value of natural plant fibers. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"668 - 690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47705234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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