For sustainable application of chloroprene rubber (CR), a new technology is developed by the vulcanization of CR using 2,2’-dithiodipyridine (DPD) as a cross-linking agent with the reprocessing performance owing to disulfide metathesis. When DPD was incorporated into CR vulcanization, the Menschutkin reaction between allyl chloride group and pyridine group occurred with a maximum exothermic peak at 184°C. The number of effective cross-linking bond at 0.5 phr DPD vulcanizate was higher than that at high DPD content. This vulcanizate showed high tensile strength (11.12 MPa) and elongation at break (1253 ± 120%) owing to the exchangeable disulfide bond in the system. Under the catalysis of triphenylphosphine, the metathesis of disulfide compound was improved obviously, which endowed CR/DPD vulcanizates with good recyclability performance. Disulfide cross-linkage maintains its stability at low temperature, thus ensuring the mechanical stability of CR/DPD vulcanizate under the ambient conditions. Vulcanization and reprocessing of CR/DPD vulcanizate can be conducted with common industrial rubber processing equipment. Such reprocessable chloroprene rubber could have potential application in CR industry, also serve to significantly improve environmental sustainability.
{"title":"A novel reprocessable chloroprene rubber based on dynamic disulfide metathesis","authors":"Jianliang Jiang, Junxue Zhai, Yanqing Chen, Dongqi Zhao, Yakai Feng","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2258830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2258830","url":null,"abstract":"For sustainable application of chloroprene rubber (CR), a new technology is developed by the vulcanization of CR using 2,2’-dithiodipyridine (DPD) as a cross-linking agent with the reprocessing performance owing to disulfide metathesis. When DPD was incorporated into CR vulcanization, the Menschutkin reaction between allyl chloride group and pyridine group occurred with a maximum exothermic peak at 184°C. The number of effective cross-linking bond at 0.5 phr DPD vulcanizate was higher than that at high DPD content. This vulcanizate showed high tensile strength (11.12 MPa) and elongation at break (1253 ± 120%) owing to the exchangeable disulfide bond in the system. Under the catalysis of triphenylphosphine, the metathesis of disulfide compound was improved obviously, which endowed CR/DPD vulcanizates with good recyclability performance. Disulfide cross-linkage maintains its stability at low temperature, thus ensuring the mechanical stability of CR/DPD vulcanizate under the ambient conditions. Vulcanization and reprocessing of CR/DPD vulcanizate can be conducted with common industrial rubber processing equipment. Such reprocessable chloroprene rubber could have potential application in CR industry, also serve to significantly improve environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136308493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2255554
Yong Liu, Yang Chen, Jie Zhu, Mengze Lu, Chuanxia Jiang, Zhiwei Fan, Taolin Sun
Understanding the time-dependent mechanical behavior of tough and viscoelastic hydrogels under complex external loading is crucial. In this study, we utilized tough and viscoelastic hydrogels synthesized through the copolymerization of methacrylic acid and methacrylamide as a model system to investigate their mechanical behavior under multiaxial stretching across a wide range of strain rates. Three stretching modes examined were uniaxial, pure shear, and equal biaxial stretching. Our findings show that under equal biaxial stretching, the hydrogels exhibit higher mechanical properties and energy dissipation compared to uniaxial and pure shear stretching, owing to the greater contribution of hydrogen bonds to energy dissipation in the former stretching mode. Additionally, employing the time-elongation separability method during the stretching process, we observed that the relaxation of dynamic hydrogen bonds in the hydrogels only depends on stretching time, independent of the elongation ratio and stretching modes. We anticipate that this study will yield valuable contributions to the design of durable load-bearing soft materials, particularly in dealing with complex deformation and strain rate responses.
{"title":"Time-dependent mechanical behavior of tough hydrogels under multiaxial stretching","authors":"Yong Liu, Yang Chen, Jie Zhu, Mengze Lu, Chuanxia Jiang, Zhiwei Fan, Taolin Sun","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2255554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2255554","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the time-dependent mechanical behavior of tough and viscoelastic hydrogels under complex external loading is crucial. In this study, we utilized tough and viscoelastic hydrogels synthesized through the copolymerization of methacrylic acid and methacrylamide as a model system to investigate their mechanical behavior under multiaxial stretching across a wide range of strain rates. Three stretching modes examined were uniaxial, pure shear, and equal biaxial stretching. Our findings show that under equal biaxial stretching, the hydrogels exhibit higher mechanical properties and energy dissipation compared to uniaxial and pure shear stretching, owing to the greater contribution of hydrogen bonds to energy dissipation in the former stretching mode. Additionally, employing the time-elongation separability method during the stretching process, we observed that the relaxation of dynamic hydrogen bonds in the hydrogels only depends on stretching time, independent of the elongation ratio and stretching modes. We anticipate that this study will yield valuable contributions to the design of durable load-bearing soft materials, particularly in dealing with complex deformation and strain rate responses.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2251926
Jianbo Sun, Chao Wang, Yongjiao Liu, Xudong Liang, Zhijian Wang
ABSTRACT Liquid crystal elastomers are active materials that combine the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals with the elasticity of polymer networks. The LCEs exhibit remarkable reversible contraction and elongation capabilities in response to external stimuli, rendering them highly promising for diverse applications, such as soft robotics, haptic devices, shape morphing structures, etc. However, the predominant reliance on heating as the driving stimulus for LCEs has limited their practical applications. This drawback can be effectively addressed by incorporating fillers, which can generate heat under various stimuli. The recent progress in LCE composites has significantly expanded the application potential of LCEs. In this minireview, we present the design strategies for soft actuators with LCE composites, followed by a detailed exploration of photothermal and electrothermal LCE composites as prominent examples. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the field of LCE composites. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
{"title":"Liquid crystal elastomer composites for soft actuators","authors":"Jianbo Sun, Chao Wang, Yongjiao Liu, Xudong Liang, Zhijian Wang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2251926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2251926","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Liquid crystal elastomers are active materials that combine the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals with the elasticity of polymer networks. The LCEs exhibit remarkable reversible contraction and elongation capabilities in response to external stimuli, rendering them highly promising for diverse applications, such as soft robotics, haptic devices, shape morphing structures, etc. However, the predominant reliance on heating as the driving stimulus for LCEs has limited their practical applications. This drawback can be effectively addressed by incorporating fillers, which can generate heat under various stimuli. The recent progress in LCE composites has significantly expanded the application potential of LCEs. In this minireview, we present the design strategies for soft actuators with LCE composites, followed by a detailed exploration of photothermal and electrothermal LCE composites as prominent examples. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the field of LCE composites. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44456944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2246928
Xinchun Zhang, Junyu Wang, Qidong Sun, Jingyang Li, Sheng Zhou, Junfeng Qi, Ran Tao
{"title":"Mechanical design and analysis of bio-inspired reentrant negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterials with rigid-flexible distinction","authors":"Xinchun Zhang, Junyu Wang, Qidong Sun, Jingyang Li, Sheng Zhou, Junfeng Qi, Ran Tao","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2246928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2246928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43618638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2246420
Xiao Li, Libo Men, Yicong Yu, Zhaoyang Hou, Zhengjing Wang
ABSTRACT Architected stretchable materials with well-organized micro-architectures evolve very rapidly due to their potential in customizing mechanical properties and achieving exotic functions. In many applications, the architected stretchable materials are required to sustain large deformation, and their fracture is size-dependent. However, the size effect on the fracture of architected stretchable materials is still elusive. Here, we study this issue by experiment and finite element calculation. It is found that the fracture energy of architected stretchable materials increases with the specimen size ratio, H/h, within a range. When H/h reaches a transition ratio, R t , the fracture energy approaches a plateau. This transition ratio differentiates the size-dependent and size-independent fracture behavior of architected stretchable materials. The mechanical properties of constituent material only have a minor effect on the transition ratio. The degree of constraint and stress concentration at the node, which are affected by the geometry of the unit-cell, dominate the specimen size effect. The result gives a practical guidance in choosing the specimen size to measure the steady state fracture energy of this class of materials. This work provides insights into the fracture of architected stretchable materials and design for fracture-resistant architected stretchable devices. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Specimen size effect on the fracture energy of architected stretchable materials","authors":"Xiao Li, Libo Men, Yicong Yu, Zhaoyang Hou, Zhengjing Wang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2246420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2246420","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Architected stretchable materials with well-organized micro-architectures evolve very rapidly due to their potential in customizing mechanical properties and achieving exotic functions. In many applications, the architected stretchable materials are required to sustain large deformation, and their fracture is size-dependent. However, the size effect on the fracture of architected stretchable materials is still elusive. Here, we study this issue by experiment and finite element calculation. It is found that the fracture energy of architected stretchable materials increases with the specimen size ratio, H/h, within a range. When H/h reaches a transition ratio, R t , the fracture energy approaches a plateau. This transition ratio differentiates the size-dependent and size-independent fracture behavior of architected stretchable materials. The mechanical properties of constituent material only have a minor effect on the transition ratio. The degree of constraint and stress concentration at the node, which are affected by the geometry of the unit-cell, dominate the specimen size effect. The result gives a practical guidance in choosing the specimen size to measure the steady state fracture energy of this class of materials. This work provides insights into the fracture of architected stretchable materials and design for fracture-resistant architected stretchable devices. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Wearable sweat sensors are gaining significant attention due to their unparalleled potential for noninvasive health monitoring. Sweat, as a kind of body fluid, contains informative physiological indicators that are related to personalized health status. Advances in wearable sweat sampling and routing technologies, flexible, and stretchable materials, and wireless digital technologies have led to the development of integrated sweat sensors that are comfortable, flexible, light, and intelligent. Herein, we report a flexible and integrated wearable device via incorporating a microfluidic system and a sensing chip with skin-integrated electronic format toward in-situ monitoring of uric acid (UA) in sweat that associates with gout, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. The microfluidic system validly realizes the real-time capture perspiration from human skin. The obtained detection range is 5–200 μM and the detection limit is 1.79 μM, which offers an importance diagnostic method for clinical relevant lab test. The soft and flexible features of the constructed device allows it to be mounted onto nearly anywhere on the body. We tested the sweat UA in diverse subjects and various body locations during exercise, and similar trends were also observed by using a commercial UA assay kit. undefined
{"title":"Thin, soft, skin-integrated electronics for real-time and wireless detection of uric acid in sweat","authors":"Yue Hu, Lan Wang, Jian Li, Yawen Yang, G. Zhao, Yiming Liu, Xingcan Huang, Pengcheng Wu, Binbin Zhang, Yanli Jiao, Mengge Wu, Shengxin Jia, Qiang Zhang, Guoqiang Xu, Rui Shi, Dengfeng Li, Yingchun Li, Zhengchun Peng, Xinge Yu","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2236997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2236997","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wearable sweat sensors are gaining significant attention due to their unparalleled potential for noninvasive health monitoring. Sweat, as a kind of body fluid, contains informative physiological indicators that are related to personalized health status. Advances in wearable sweat sampling and routing technologies, flexible, and stretchable materials, and wireless digital technologies have led to the development of integrated sweat sensors that are comfortable, flexible, light, and intelligent. Herein, we report a flexible and integrated wearable device via incorporating a microfluidic system and a sensing chip with skin-integrated electronic format toward in-situ monitoring of uric acid (UA) in sweat that associates with gout, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. The microfluidic system validly realizes the real-time capture perspiration from human skin. The obtained detection range is 5–200 μM and the detection limit is 1.79 μM, which offers an importance diagnostic method for clinical relevant lab test. The soft and flexible features of the constructed device allows it to be mounted onto nearly anywhere on the body. We tested the sweat UA in diverse subjects and various body locations during exercise, and similar trends were also observed by using a commercial UA assay kit. undefined","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2240743
V. Chiaula, J. Jeppe Madsen, F. B. Madsen, P. Mazurek, A. C. Nielsen, A. Skov
ABSTRACT For improved wound healing, antimicrobial adhesives are one path forward. However, with the current challenge of bacterial resistance, it is essential to choose the included drug carefully. Octenidine is an obvious choice due to its broad antimicrobial efficacy and no reported bacterial resistance. In its pure form, octenidine complexes efficiently with the platinum catalyst in the silicone composition, inhibiting the targeted hydrosilylation reaction and hindering curing. This obstacle is overcome by screening octenidine with cyclodextrins in homogeneously dispersed glycerol droplets, suppressing Pt inhibition in the silicone phase. Curing efficiency is demonstrated using rheology, which shows that it is possible to incorporate one wt% of octenidine into glycerol–silicone adhesives in the presence of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin without affecting the adhesives’ mechanical properties. The interaction between octenidine and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin through an inclusion complex is confirmed by ROESY spectroscopy. Despite this screening, octenidine is still released efficiently from the glycerol–silicone adhesives upon contact with water, and the resulting antimicrobial action is subsequently demonstrated. This new technology constitutes a simple and efficient method for preparing wound care adhesives that actively inhibit the growth of four bacteria strains and one fungus. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Antimicrobial silicone skin adhesives facilitated by controlled octenidine release from glycerol compartments","authors":"V. Chiaula, J. Jeppe Madsen, F. B. Madsen, P. Mazurek, A. C. Nielsen, A. Skov","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2240743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2240743","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For improved wound healing, antimicrobial adhesives are one path forward. However, with the current challenge of bacterial resistance, it is essential to choose the included drug carefully. Octenidine is an obvious choice due to its broad antimicrobial efficacy and no reported bacterial resistance. In its pure form, octenidine complexes efficiently with the platinum catalyst in the silicone composition, inhibiting the targeted hydrosilylation reaction and hindering curing. This obstacle is overcome by screening octenidine with cyclodextrins in homogeneously dispersed glycerol droplets, suppressing Pt inhibition in the silicone phase. Curing efficiency is demonstrated using rheology, which shows that it is possible to incorporate one wt% of octenidine into glycerol–silicone adhesives in the presence of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin without affecting the adhesives’ mechanical properties. The interaction between octenidine and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin through an inclusion complex is confirmed by ROESY spectroscopy. Despite this screening, octenidine is still released efficiently from the glycerol–silicone adhesives upon contact with water, and the resulting antimicrobial action is subsequently demonstrated. This new technology constitutes a simple and efficient method for preparing wound care adhesives that actively inhibit the growth of four bacteria strains and one fungus. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"369 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46775722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The impact region of the dactyl club of mantis shrimp features a rare sinusoidally helicoidal architecture, contributing to its efficient impact-resistant characteristics. This study aims to attain bioinspired sinusoidally architected composites from a practical engineering way. Morphological features of plain-woven fabric were characterized, which demonstrated that the interweaving warp and weft yarns exhibited a sinusoidal architecture. Interconnected woven composites were thus employed and helicoidally stacked to achieve the desired structure. Quasi-static three-point bending and low-velocity impact tests were subsequently performed to evaluate their mechanical performance. Under three-point bending condition, the dominant failure mode gradually changed from fiber breakage to delamination with the increase in the pitch angle. Failure displacement and energy absorption of the helicoidal woven composites were, respectively, 43.89% and 141.90% greater than the unidirectional ones. Under low-velocity impact condition, the damage area of the helicoidal woven composites decreased by 49.66% while the residual strength increased by 10.10% compared with those of the unidirectional ones, exhibiting better damage resistance and tolerance. Also, effects of fiber architecture on mechanical properties were examined. This work will shed light on future design of the next-generation impact-resistant architected composites. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Sinusoidally architected helicoidal composites inspired by the dactyl club of mantis shrimp","authors":"Ruiheng Yang, Huitian Wang, Bing Wang, Sheng Zhang, Zhiping Huang, Shan Yin","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2236572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2236572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The impact region of the dactyl club of mantis shrimp features a rare sinusoidally helicoidal architecture, contributing to its efficient impact-resistant characteristics. This study aims to attain bioinspired sinusoidally architected composites from a practical engineering way. Morphological features of plain-woven fabric were characterized, which demonstrated that the interweaving warp and weft yarns exhibited a sinusoidal architecture. Interconnected woven composites were thus employed and helicoidally stacked to achieve the desired structure. Quasi-static three-point bending and low-velocity impact tests were subsequently performed to evaluate their mechanical performance. Under three-point bending condition, the dominant failure mode gradually changed from fiber breakage to delamination with the increase in the pitch angle. Failure displacement and energy absorption of the helicoidal woven composites were, respectively, 43.89% and 141.90% greater than the unidirectional ones. Under low-velocity impact condition, the damage area of the helicoidal woven composites decreased by 49.66% while the residual strength increased by 10.10% compared with those of the unidirectional ones, exhibiting better damage resistance and tolerance. Also, effects of fiber architecture on mechanical properties were examined. This work will shed light on future design of the next-generation impact-resistant architected composites. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"321 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48204884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2237940
Huanyu Yang, Zhi Zhou, Jinping Ou
ABSTRACT As the main load bearing component, the steel strand has a significant impact on the safety of civil infrastructure. Real-time monitoring of steel strand stress distribution throughout the damage process is an important aspect of civil infrastructure health assessment. Hence, this study proposes an optical-electrical co-sensing (OECS) smart steel strand with the DOFS and CCFPI embedded in. It can simultaneously measure small strains in the initial damage phase with high accuracy and obtain information in the large deformation phase with relatively low precision. Several experiments were carried out to test its sensing performance. It shows both DOFS and CCFPI have good linearity, repeatability and hysteresis. In comparison to DOFS, CCFPI has a relatively lower accuracy and resolution, but a large enough measurement range to tolerate the large strain in the event of a steel strand failure. To verify the reliability of the proposed smart steel strand in real structures, the strand strain distribution in the full damage process of bonded prestressed beams under four-point bending loading was monitored using the smart steel strand as a prestressing tendon. The strain measured by the OECS steel strand is shown to reflect the deformation and stiffness variation of prestressed beams under different load. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A novel smart steel strand based on optical-electrical co-sensing for full-process and full-scale monitoring of prestressing concrete structures","authors":"Huanyu Yang, Zhi Zhou, Jinping Ou","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2237940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2237940","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As the main load bearing component, the steel strand has a significant impact on the safety of civil infrastructure. Real-time monitoring of steel strand stress distribution throughout the damage process is an important aspect of civil infrastructure health assessment. Hence, this study proposes an optical-electrical co-sensing (OECS) smart steel strand with the DOFS and CCFPI embedded in. It can simultaneously measure small strains in the initial damage phase with high accuracy and obtain information in the large deformation phase with relatively low precision. Several experiments were carried out to test its sensing performance. It shows both DOFS and CCFPI have good linearity, repeatability and hysteresis. In comparison to DOFS, CCFPI has a relatively lower accuracy and resolution, but a large enough measurement range to tolerate the large strain in the event of a steel strand failure. To verify the reliability of the proposed smart steel strand in real structures, the strand strain distribution in the full damage process of bonded prestressed beams under four-point bending loading was monitored using the smart steel strand as a prestressing tendon. The strain measured by the OECS steel strand is shown to reflect the deformation and stiffness variation of prestressed beams under different load. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"337 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2227129
Miaoning Ren, Tianyu Li, Wenxing Huo, Y. Guo, Zhiqiang Xia, Ya Li, Jing Niu, M. S. Onses, Xian Huang
ABSTRACT The development of simple and high-throughput approaches to yield solid-state nanopores on large surface membranes may facilitate the prevalence of nanopore analysis technology and in-vitro diagnosis using portable devices. However, solid-state nanopores are typically realized by complex and high-end nanofabrication equipments. Here, we present a method to achieve nanopores on polymer membranes using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as templates and intense pulsed light (IPL) as a heating source. The density and size of nanopores are controllable by adjusting the spin coating rate, the concentration of nanoparticle suspension, and the size of nanoparticles (NPs). The temperature of the AgNPs can rapidly reach 1132 K under instant heating of photothermal effect through light irradiation in 2 ms, resulting in localized melting and decomposition of an underneath polycarbonate (PC) membrane to yield nanopores with sizes ranging from 10 to 270 nm. After removing the nanoparticle residues, the flexible membrane with nanopores can be integrated into a flow cell to achieve a nanopore sensor that has been used to measure the translocation behaviors of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results have demonstrated the capability of the sensor in protein denaturation identification. This low-cost and high-throughput technique to fabricate solid-state nanopores on flexible polymeric membranes may facilitate the development of more nanopore-based flexible sensors that can be integrated with other flexible components for wearable diagnosis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Instant formation of nanopores on flexible polymer membranes using intense pulsed light and nanoparticle templates","authors":"Miaoning Ren, Tianyu Li, Wenxing Huo, Y. Guo, Zhiqiang Xia, Ya Li, Jing Niu, M. S. Onses, Xian Huang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2023.2227129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2227129","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of simple and high-throughput approaches to yield solid-state nanopores on large surface membranes may facilitate the prevalence of nanopore analysis technology and in-vitro diagnosis using portable devices. However, solid-state nanopores are typically realized by complex and high-end nanofabrication equipments. Here, we present a method to achieve nanopores on polymer membranes using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as templates and intense pulsed light (IPL) as a heating source. The density and size of nanopores are controllable by adjusting the spin coating rate, the concentration of nanoparticle suspension, and the size of nanoparticles (NPs). The temperature of the AgNPs can rapidly reach 1132 K under instant heating of photothermal effect through light irradiation in 2 ms, resulting in localized melting and decomposition of an underneath polycarbonate (PC) membrane to yield nanopores with sizes ranging from 10 to 270 nm. After removing the nanoparticle residues, the flexible membrane with nanopores can be integrated into a flow cell to achieve a nanopore sensor that has been used to measure the translocation behaviors of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results have demonstrated the capability of the sensor in protein denaturation identification. This low-cost and high-throughput technique to fabricate solid-state nanopores on flexible polymeric membranes may facilitate the development of more nanopore-based flexible sensors that can be integrated with other flexible components for wearable diagnosis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42720821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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