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Tribological behavior of WC-Al2O3-graphene composite at different temperatures wc - al2o3 -石墨烯复合材料在不同温度下的摩擦学行为
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2138625
Xiaoxiao Zhang, Xiaoxian Sun, Yifei Wang, Jiayu Qin
ABSTRACT WC-Al2O3-graphene composite powder was synthesized by ultrasonic treatment and ball milling, then consolidated by hot pressing sintering (HPS). For potential applications, the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the sintered bulks at different temperatures (room temperature, 200, 400, and 600°C) were investigated. The wear tracks were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that the friction coefficient decreases and the wear rate increases with the increase of temperature, mainly because oxidization wear occurs on the wear surface of WC-Al2O3-graphene composite under high temperature. The main wear mechanism is the destruction and formation of tribochemical compacted layer. Graphene reduces the wear rate of WC-Al2O3-graphene composite under high tampere. The reason is that graphene reduces oxidation wear by blocking or absorbing oxygen; moreover, graphene reduces the cycle frequency of damage and reconstruction of tribochemical compacted layer by reducing the peeling of it. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
采用超声处理和球磨法制备wc - al2o3 -石墨烯复合粉体,然后采用热压烧结(HPS)进行固结。研究了烧结体在不同温度(室温、200、400和600℃)下的摩擦系数和耐磨性。分别用扫描电镜、能量色散光谱和拉曼光谱、x射线光电子能谱对磨损痕迹进行表征。结果表明:随着温度的升高,wc - al2o3 -石墨烯复合材料的摩擦系数减小,磨损速率增大,这主要是因为高温下wc - al2o3 -石墨烯复合材料磨损表面发生氧化磨损;磨损的主要机理是摩擦化学压实层的破坏和形成。石墨烯降低了wc - al2o3 -石墨烯复合材料在高温下的磨损率。原因是石墨烯通过阻隔或吸收氧气来减少氧化磨损;此外,石墨烯通过减少摩擦化学压实层的剥离,降低了摩擦化学压实层损伤和重建的循环频率。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
A bio-inspired 3D metamaterials with chirality and anti-chirality topology fabricated by 4D printing 采用4D打印技术制备具有手性和反手性拓扑结构的仿生三维超材料
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2120110
Wei Zhao, Jie Zhu, Liwu Liu, J. Leng, Yanju Liu
ABSTRACT Artificial architected metamaterials equipped with unique mechanical and physical properties that are naturally inaccessible can be obtained by rational design. In this work, the innovative three-dimensional (3D) chiral and anti-chiral metamaterials are developed referring to the face-rotating polyhedral (FRP) structure present in the virus. Through assembling planar triangular units into the regular octahedron cells, several typical forms of chiral and anti-chiral metamaterials can be obtained by different assembly methods. By changing the topology parameters, the Poisson’s ratio can be adjusted between [0, 2.8]. The metamaterials are fabricated by 3D printing utilizing shape memory polymer, and the mechanical properties are analyzed via Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experiments, including Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and tension-twist coupling behavior. In addition, target metamaterial with specific local deformation behavior is obtained by programmatic calculations and distributions to meet special requirements or achieve unique applications. The shape memory property endows the mechanical metamaterials with more potential applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要:通过合理的设计,可以获得具有天然无法获得的独特机械和物理性能的人工建筑超材料。在这项工作中,参考病毒中存在的面旋转多面体(FRP)结构,开发了创新的三维(3D)手性和反手性超材料。通过将平面三角形单元组装到正八面体单元中,可以通过不同的组装方法获得几种典型形式的手性和反手性超材料。通过改变拓扑参数,泊松比可以在[0,2.8]之间调整。超材料是利用形状记忆聚合物通过3D打印制造的,并通过有限元分析(FEA)和实验分析其力学性能,包括杨氏模量、泊松比和拉伸-扭转耦合行为。此外,通过程序计算和分布获得具有特定局部变形行为的目标超材料,以满足特殊要求或实现独特应用。形状记忆特性赋予了机械超材料更多潜在的应用。图形摘要
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引用次数: 3
Dual-imaging-mode smart hydrogel information platform for illumination-independent covert decryption and read 双成像模式智能水凝胶信息平台,用于光照无关的隐蔽解密和读取
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2116737
Junjie Wei, Long Li, Ruilin Li, Qingquan Liu, Zejun Yan, Tao Chen
ABSTRACT Smart hydrogel with color responsiveness is envisioned as one of the most promising materials for advanced information encryption and decryption platform, but the illumination-dependent way of decrypting and reading information leads to the worrying of concealment in some particular scenarios. Herein, we proposed a smart hydrogel information platform with dual imaging modes by utilizing the accompanying behaviors in transparency change and heat releasing after crystallization of supercooled solution. For this smart hydrogel information platform, the hidden information could be written and decrypted by ink of ethylene glycol and decryption tool of seed crystal, respectively. Furthermore, in addition to the traditional optical imaging mode with the assistance of light illumination, the decrypted information on dual-imaging-mode hydrogel platform also could be read by thermal imaging mode in dark environment owing to the exothermic crystallization. The illumination-independent read mode based on heat radiation helps to improve the secrecy and safety of the decryption and read process. This investigation provides a facile and feasible strategy to design illumination-independent information platform that enables reading the encrypted information in secret. Graphical abstract
具有颜色响应性的智能水凝胶被认为是最有前途的高级信息加密和解密平台材料之一,但解密和读取信息的方式依赖于照明,导致在某些特定场景下存在隐藏的担忧。本文利用过冷溶液结晶后的透明度变化和放热行为,提出了具有双成像模式的智能水凝胶信息平台。在该智能水凝胶信息平台中,隐藏信息可以分别通过乙二醇墨水和种子晶体解密工具进行写入和解密。此外,除了传统的借助光照的光学成像方式外,双成像模式水凝胶平台上的解密信息还可以在黑暗环境下通过放热结晶的热成像方式读取。基于热辐射的非照度读取模式有助于提高解密和读取过程的保密性和安全性。本研究提供了一种简单可行的策略来设计与光照无关的信息平台,使加密信息能够秘密读取。图形抽象
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引用次数: 2
Nanostructured hafnium-doped strontium oxide film for homeotropic/homogeneous convertible liquid crystal alignment depending on the curing temperature 纳米结构掺铪氧化锶薄膜用于垂直/均匀可转换液晶取向,取决于固化温度
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2116736
Dong Hyun Kim, Dong Wook Lee, J. Oh, Jonghoon Won, Hae‐Chang Jeong, Dae‐Shik Seo
ABSTRACT A hafnium strontium oxide (HfSrO) liquid crystal (LC) alignment film was efficiently created through brush coating, and its ability to change the LC alignment direction was confirmed. A brush was applied to HfSrO sol coated on an indium-tin oxide substrate, after which the coating was solidified at various curing temperatures. It was confirmed that a directional micro/nanostructure was formed above 280°C due to the shear stresses caused by the movement of the brush hairs. Surface chemical changes were analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. As the curing temperature increased, the prevalence of oxygen bonds increased and the contact angle decreased, thereby increasing the surface energy. The anisotropic boundary of the microgrooves and the van der Waals forces due to an increase in surface energy changed the alignment direction of LC molecules from vertical to horizontal, as verified through polarized optical microscopy and pretilt angle measurements. Thus, the efficiency of the brush-coating method, which dramatically simplifies the LC alignment film process, was confirmed. The homeotropic/homogeneous LC alignment property of the HfSrO film produced through brush coating depending on the curing temperature provides an innovative approach for LC alignment. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACt
摘要通过刷涂有效地制备了铪锶氧化物(HfSrO)液晶(LC)取向膜,并证实了其改变LC取向方向的能力。将刷子施加到涂覆在铟锡氧化物衬底上的HfSrO溶胶上,之后涂层在各种固化温度下固化。已证实,由于刷毛运动引起的剪切应力,在280°C以上形成了定向微/纳米结构。通过X射线光电子能谱和接触角测量分析了表面化学变化。随着固化温度的升高,氧键的存在率增加,接触角减小,从而增加了表面能。通过偏振光学显微镜和预倾角测量验证,由于表面能的增加,微槽的各向异性边界和范德华力将LC分子的排列方向从垂直变为水平。因此,刷涂法的效率得到了证实,它极大地简化了LC取向膜工艺。通过刷涂制备的HfSrO膜的垂直/均匀LC取向特性取决于固化温度,为LC取向提供了一种创新的方法。图形ABSTRACt
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引用次数: 3
Molecular movements of trehalose inside a single network enabling a rapidly-recoverable tough hydrogel 海藻糖在单个网络内的分子运动,使其能够快速恢复坚韧的水凝胶
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2116735
Xiaowen Huang, Jimin Fu, Huiyan Tan, Yan Miu, Mengda Xu, Qiuhua Zhao, Yujie Xie, Shengtong Sun, H. Yao, Lidong Zhang
ABSTRACT It remains a challenge to achieve rapidly recoverable hydrogels by molecular hydrogen-bonding interaction because of its slow interaction kinetics. This work for the first time reports a trehalose (Tre)-based molecular movement mechanism inside a single network of polyacrylamide (PAM) that accelerates the kinetics of hydrogen-bonding interaction, and thereby endows the hydrogel with high toughness and rapid shape and mechanical recoverability. The resultant PAM@Tre hydrogel is capable of full shape recovery after 10,000 loading/unloading cycles at a strain of 500%. Even after being stretched at a strain of 2500%, it can recover to its original shape within 10 seconds. Moreover, the molecular movement of trehalose also endows the PAM@Tre hydrogel with fracture energy and toughness as high as ~9000 J m–2 and ~1600 kJ m–3, respectively, leading to strong resistance to both static and dynamic piercing. The PAM@Tre hydrogel is thus believed to have enormous potentials in protection devices, bionic skin, soft actuator, and stretchable electronics. Graphical abstract
摘要:由于分子氢键相互作用动力学缓慢,要实现快速可回收的水凝胶仍然是一个挑战。这项工作首次报道了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)单个网络内基于海藻糖(Tre)的分子运动机制,该机制加速了氢键相互作用的动力学,从而赋予水凝胶高韧性、快速的形状和机械可恢复性。结果PAM@Tre水凝胶能够在500%的应变下在10000次加载/卸载循环后完全恢复形状。即使在2500%的应变下拉伸,它也可以在10秒内恢复到原来的形状。此外,海藻糖的分子运动也赋予PAM@Tre水凝胶的断裂能和韧性分别高达~9000 J m–2和~1600 kJ m–3,对静态和动态穿孔都具有很强的抵抗力。这个PAM@Tre因此,水凝胶被认为在保护装置、仿生皮肤、软致动器和可拉伸电子产品方面具有巨大的潜力。图形摘要
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引用次数: 1
Strengthening poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels using biochars and hydrophobic aggregations 利用生物炭和疏水聚集强化聚甲基丙烯酸- 2-羟乙基水凝胶
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2107115
Ping Zhang, Ziyi Xu, Zhiying Wu, Ping Xu, Canhui Yang
ABSTRACT As the first version of synthetic hydrogel, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels have found broad applications. However, their poor mechanical performances have been long-standing hurdles for practical deployments. Herein, we report on strengthening the poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels with biochar nanoparticles and hydrophobic aggregations, which are induced by solvent exchange and reinforced by freeze-thaw. Both the vast anchoring points on the multifunctional surfaces of the biochar nanoparticles and the aggregates formed between poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) chains engender strong and dissipative physical crosslinks. The resulting hydrogels exhibit marked mechanical properties, encompassing high stretchability ~7, high fracture toughness ~1360 J m−2, high elastic modulus ~180 kPa, low friction coefficient ~0.2, self-recovery, and non-swellability. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of the proposed strategy by using water/ionic liquid binary solvent as the solvent system, Laponite as the nano-reinforcement, and dry-anneal as the hydrophobic aggregation enhancer to synthesize mechanically robust hydrogels. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels of superior mechanical properties are expected to enable previously inaccessible applications in biomedicine and engineering. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要聚甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯水凝胶作为第一种合成水凝胶,具有广泛的应用前景。然而,它们糟糕的机械性能一直是实际部署的障碍。在此,我们报道了用生物炭纳米颗粒和疏水性聚集体增强聚(甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯)水凝胶,它们通过溶剂交换诱导并通过冻融增强。生物炭纳米颗粒多功能表面上的巨大锚定点和聚(甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯)链之间形成的聚集体都会产生强烈的耗散性物理交联。所得水凝胶表现出显著的力学性能,包括高拉伸性~7、高断裂韧性~1360 J m−2、高弹性模量~180 kPa、低摩擦系数~0.2、自恢复性和不溶胀性。此外,我们通过使用水/离子液体二元溶剂作为溶剂体系,Laponite作为纳米增强剂,干退火作为疏水聚集促进剂来合成机械坚固的水凝胶,证明了所提出的策略的多功能性。具有优异机械性能的聚(甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯)水凝胶有望在生物医学和工程中实现以前无法实现的应用。图形摘要
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引用次数: 1
The effects of pressure, temperature, and depth/diameter ratio on the microvia filling performance of Ag-coated Cu micro-nanoparticles for advanced electronic packaging 压力、温度和深度/直径比对先进电子封装用Ag包覆Cu微纳米颗粒微孔填充性能的影响
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2107114
Guannan Yang, S. Luo, Bo Luo, Yan Zuo, Shi-wo Ta, Tingyu Lin, Zhaohui Zhao, Yu Zhang, C. Cui
ABSTRACT Conductive fillers made from metal nanoparticles offer many advantages for the fabrication of a variety of electronic devices, but when they have a porous structure, their poor conductivity limits their adoption in many applications. In this study, an Ag-coated Cu micro-nanoparticle paste is used to achieve compact filling of blind vias on flexible copper clad polyimide laminates through a multistep filling and sintering technique. The filled blind vias achieve a resistivity as low as 6.2 μΩ·cm, which is comparable that of electroplated blind vias. Higher sintering pressure and temperature promote the filling performance, while the conductivity deteriorates at a via depth/diameter ratio greater than 1:1. Finite element simulations reveal a stress inhomogeneity in vias with large depth/diameter ratios, which is the key to understanding the evolution of the conductive properties of a paste-filled via. This study provides an effective method for high-performance microvia filling as well as insights into the mechanism that influences its performance. Graphical abstract
由金属纳米颗粒制成的导电填料为制造各种电子器件提供了许多优点,但是当它们具有多孔结构时,其导电性差限制了它们在许多应用中的采用。在本研究中,采用银包铜微纳米颗粒浆料,通过多步填充和烧结技术,在柔性覆铜聚酰亚胺层压板上实现了盲孔的致密填充。填充盲孔的电阻率低至6.2 μΩ·cm,与电镀盲孔相当。烧结压力和烧结温度越高,填充性能越好,但当孔深/孔径比大于1:1时,导电性能越差。有限元模拟结果表明,大深度/直径比的过孔存在应力不均匀性,这是理解膏体填充过孔导电性能演变的关键。本研究为高性能微孔填充提供了一种有效的方法,并深入了解了影响微孔填充性能的机理。图形抽象
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引用次数: 1
Smart structures with embedded flexible sensors fabricated by fused deposition modeling-based multimaterial 3D printing 基于融合沉积建模的多材料3D打印制造的嵌入式柔性传感器智能结构
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2095454
Huilin Ren, Xiaodan Yang, Zhenhu Wang, Xuguang Xu, Rong Wang, Qi Ge, Yi Xiong
ABSTRACT Smart structures have the advantages of high system integrity and diverse sensing capabilities. However, the labor-intensive and time-consuming fabrication process hinders the large-scale adoption of smart structures. Despite recent attempts to develop sensor-embedded structures using 3D printing technologies, the reported smart structures generally suffer from the complex fabrication process, constrained part size, and limited sensing modality. Herein, we propose a workflow to design and fabricate novel smart structures via multimaterial fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing. More specifically, conductive filaments with tailorable mechanical and electrical properties, e.g. piezoresistive effects, were developed. Additionally, the printing process was optimized for processing soft filaments with Young’s modulus around 2 MPa, resolving the issue of filament buckling. Furthermore, the potential applications of the proposed workflow were showcased using three design cases, i.e. biaxial strain sensor, smart tire, and cable-driven soft finger with multiple sensing capabilities. This workflow provides a cost-effective and rapid solution for developing novel smart structures with soft materials. Graphical Abstract
智能结构具有系统完整性高、传感能力多样等优点。然而,劳动密集型和耗时的制造过程阻碍了智能结构的大规模采用。尽管最近尝试使用3D打印技术开发传感器嵌入式结构,但报道的智能结构通常受到复杂的制造过程、零件尺寸限制和有限的传感方式的影响。本文提出了一种基于多材料熔融沉积建模(FDM)的3D打印设计和制造新型智能结构的工作流程。更具体地说,开发了具有可定制的机械和电气性能(例如压阻效应)的导电丝。此外,优化了打印工艺,可加工杨氏模量在2 MPa左右的软长丝,解决了长丝屈曲问题。此外,通过三种设计案例,即双轴应变传感器、智能轮胎和具有多种传感功能的电缆驱动软手指,展示了该工作流程的潜在应用。该工作流程为开发新型软材料智能结构提供了一种经济高效的快速解决方案。图形抽象
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引用次数: 8
MOF-derived multi-interface carbon-based composites with enhanced polarization loss and efficient microwave absorption 具有增强极化损耗和高效微波吸收的mof衍生多界面碳基复合材料
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2095456
Hongjiao Qu, Peng Zheng, Tao Wang, Xingyu Yu, Junjie Pan, Xiaoli Fan, Tengfei Zhang, Xin Sun, Jianping He
ABSTRACT Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) have been widely studied because of their adjustable composition and controllable structure in the field of microwave absorption (MA). Therein, Prussian blue analogs (PBA) have attracted the attention of researchers with ultra-high metal content. However, the attenuation ability of microwave for PBA-based composites is still unsatisfactory up to now. Therefore, the NiFe/CoFe@C composites were prepared by carbonizing polymetallic PBA (NiCoFe PBA) materials in this work, and the influence of different metal alloy components on MA was explored by adjusting the ratio of metal ions (Ni2+/Co2+). Moreover, the NiFe/CoFe@C composites have rich interfaces and enhance the polarization loss due to the introduction of Ni and it has an optimal performance at 2.7 mm that is the reflection loss (RL) is −41.49 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 7.12 GHz with 1/1 (Ni2+/Co2+). The above data provides a research idea for obtaining light and efficient absorbers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)由于其可调节的组成和可控的结构,在微波吸收领域得到了广泛的研究。其中,普鲁士蓝类似物(PBA)以其超高的金属含量引起了研究人员的关注。然而,到目前为止,微波对PBA基复合材料的衰减能力仍然不令人满意。因此,NiFe/CoFe@C本工作通过碳化多金属PBA(NiCoFe-PBA)材料制备了复合材料,并通过调节金属离子(Ni2+/Co2+)的比例来探讨不同金属合金成分对MA的影响。此外,NiFe/CoFe@C由于Ni的引入,复合材料具有丰富的界面并提高了极化损耗,并且在2.7mm处具有最佳性能,即反射损耗(RL)为-41.49dB,有效吸收带宽(EAB)为7.12GHz,具有1/1(Ni2+/Co2+)。以上数据为获得轻质高效吸收剂提供了研究思路。图形摘要
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引用次数: 1
The stretchable carbon black-based strain fiber with a remarkable linearity in a wide sensing range 可拉伸炭黑基应变纤维在宽传感范围内具有显著的线性
IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2022.2107112
Hao Wang, Yang Yue, Wenze Zou, Yang Pan, Xiaogang Guo
ABSTRACT Ascribed to its wide sensing range, high sensitivity, and low stiffness to match target objects with complex 3D shapes, the stretchable strain sensor has shown its promising applications in various fields, ranging from healthcare, bodynet, and intelligent traffic system, to the robotic system. This paper presents a low-cost and straightforward fabrication technology for the stretchable strain fiber with the combined attributes of a wide sensing range, exceptional linearity, and high durability. The hybrid composite consisting of carbon black and silicone is utilized as the functional material to respond to the external mechanical deformation due to the piezoresistive effect. To address the remarkable hysteresis of the CB-silicone composites, the latex tubes with excellent mechanical robustness and a considerable accessible tensile strain are introduced as the outer supporting components. After injecting the conductive CB-silicone composite into these tubes, the stretchable strain fibers are successfully prepared. Notably, the stretchable strain sensor exhibits linearity (R2 = 0.9854) in a wide sensing range (0–400%) and remarkable durability even after the 2500 cycles under 100% tension. Additionally, the potential of this stretchable strain fiber as the wearable strain sensor and the real-time feedback is demonstrated by detecting the body motion and the expansion devices. GA
摘要可拉伸应变传感器具有传感范围广、灵敏度高、刚度低的特点,可用于匹配具有复杂三维形状的目标物体,在医疗保健、人体网、智能交通系统和机器人系统等各个领域都显示出了很有前景的应用。本文提出了一种低成本、简单的可拉伸应变纤维制造技术,该技术具有宽的传感范围、优异的线性和高耐久性。由炭黑和硅树脂组成的混合复合材料被用作功能材料,以响应由于压阻效应引起的外部机械变形。为了解决CB硅树脂复合材料的显著滞后问题,引入了具有优异机械坚固性和相当大的可接近拉伸应变的乳胶管作为外部支撑部件。在将导电CB-有机硅复合材料注入这些管中之后,成功地制备了可拉伸应变纤维。值得注意的是,可拉伸应变传感器在较宽的传感范围(0–400%)内表现出线性(R2=0.9854),即使在100%张力下2500次循环后也表现出显著的耐用性。此外,通过检测身体运动和膨胀装置,证明了这种可拉伸应变纤维作为可穿戴应变传感器和实时反馈的潜力。GA
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials
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