Materials Today Nano最新文献_第2页

Synergistic nanobubble-mediated sonodynamic therapy and MicroRNA immunotherapy suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma 协同纳米气泡介导的声动力疗法和MicroRNA免疫疗法抑制肝细胞癌

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100742

Yao Ma , Chenlu Xiao , Jiaxuan Han , XiangMin Zhang , Xiaoya He , Jie Huang , Huiru Zhu , Chaoqi Liu , Yun Zhao , JinHua Cai

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment critically influences hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. To counteract this, we developed cationic lipid nanobubbles (NBs) co-loaded with the sonosensitizer curcumin (CUR) and tumor-suppressive microRNA miR-15a-5p. This nanoplatform enables ultrasound-targeted delivery and real-time contrast-enhanced imaging. Upon ultrasound irradiation, CUR generated cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS; 46.87 % ± 5.34 % ROS-positive cells vs. 1.26 % ± 0.99 % controls), inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Concurrently, miR-15a-5p directly targeted CD274 mRNA, suppressing PD-L1 protein expression on tumor cells. In tumor-bearing mice, the combined therapy (miR-15a-5p/CUR-NBs + US) significantly outperformed monotherapies, suppressing tumor growth and promoting apoptosis. This was accompanied by enhanced immune activation: increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltration (10.90 % ± 0.61 % vs. 3.88 % ± 0.08 % in controls) with elevated target cell killing (32.27 % ± 2.95 % vs. 8.88 % ± 2.43 % in controls), and augmented natural killer (NK) cells cytotoxicity (57.34 % ± 6.43 %). The platform also potently remodeled the immunosuppressive tumor milieu by driving a phenotypic shift in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from the M2 to the M1 pole and by effectively reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Critically, the strategy demonstrated favorable biosafety, with no significant weight loss or organ toxicity observed. This theranostic platform effectively overcomes HCC immunosuppression by synergistically integrating sonodynamic therapy with miRNA-mediated immune reprogramming, offering a promising approach for advanced HCC.

免疫抑制肿瘤微环境严重影响肝细胞癌（HCC）的进展。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了阳离子脂质纳米泡（NBs），共负载了声敏剂姜黄素（CUR）和肿瘤抑制microRNA miR-15a-5p。这种纳米平台可以实现超声靶向递送和实时对比度增强成像。超声照射后，CUR产生细胞毒性活性氧（ROS， ROS阳性细胞46.87%±5.34%，对照组1.26%±0.99%），诱导免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）。同时，miR-15a-5p直接靶向CD274 mRNA，抑制肿瘤细胞上PD-L1蛋白的表达。在荷瘤小鼠中，联合治疗（miR-15a-5p/ cur - nb + US）显著优于单一治疗，抑制肿瘤生长并促进细胞凋亡。这伴随着增强的免疫激活：细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（ctl）浸润增加（对照组为10.90%±0.61%，对照组为3.88%±0.08%），靶细胞杀伤增加（对照组为32.27%±2.95%，对照组为8.88%±2.43%），自然杀伤（NK）细胞毒性增强（57.34%±6.43%）。该平台还通过驱动肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tam）从M2极向M1极的表型转变，并通过有效减少髓源性抑制细胞（MDSCs），有效地重塑了免疫抑制肿瘤环境。关键是，该策略显示出良好的生物安全性，没有观察到明显的体重减轻或器官毒性。该治疗平台通过将声动力治疗与mirna介导的免疫重编程协同结合，有效克服了HCC的免疫抑制，为晚期HCC提供了一种有前景的治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

PVP-mediated stabilization of Bi0/Oxygen vacancy interfaces in ultrathin Bi3TiNbO9 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic tetracycline degradation pvp介导的超薄Bi3TiNbO9纳米片中Bi0/氧空位界面的稳定用于增强光催化四环素降解

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100768

Reshalaiti Hailili, Yiming Gan, Zongmian Wang

Bismuth (Bi⁰) deposit Bi-based layered photocatalysts have demonstrated great potential in environmental remediation. However, their practical application is still hindered by critical stability challenges, such as metallic Bi⁰ is prone to oxidation, and oxygen vacancies (OVs) easily undergo healing in ambient conditions, collectively suppressing their efficiencies. Scarce research exists on the Bi⁰/OVs synergy that addresses the scientific challenge of rapid oxidation of Bi⁰ and easy healing of OVs, and such research is entirely absent even in Bi₃TiNbO₉ (BTNO)-based layered perovskites. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel “Two-birds-with-one-stone” strategy using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted NaBH₄ reduction to simultaneously introduce Bi⁰ and OVs into BTNO, while PVP serves as a multifunctional interfacial modulator. Microstructure analyses indicated that PVP not only guides the formation of ultrathin nanosheets to facilitate charge transport but also creates a protective layer that effectively stabilizes both Bi⁰ and OVs against oxidation and healing, thereby maintaining the stability and activity of the catalytic interfaces. The synergistic effect between Bi⁰ and OVs significantly improves visible-light absorption, charge separation, and surface reactivity. The optimized Bi⁰/OVs-BTNO-0.5PVP-20 catalyst exhibits exceptional photocatalytic activity, achieving a turnover frequency (TOF) of 4.62 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ and a photocurrent density 2.5 times higher than pristine BTNO, alongside excellent cycling stability. Importantly, the protective role of PVP ensures exceptional cycling stability, directly addressing the long-standing instability issues of Bi-based photocatalysts. This work provides fundamental insights into polymer-mediated stabilization mechanisms and offers a generalizable materials design strategy for developing highly efficient and durable dual-active-site photocatalysts for sustainable environmental applications.

铋（Bi0）沉积铋基层状光催化剂在环境修复中显示出巨大的潜力。然而，它们的实际应用仍然受到关键稳定性挑战的阻碍，例如金属Bi0容易氧化，氧空位（OVs）在环境条件下容易发生愈合，共同抑制了它们的效率。关于Bi0/OVs协同作用的研究很少，这些研究解决了Bi0的快速氧化和OVs的易于愈合的科学挑战，即使是基于Bi3TiNbO9 （BTNO）的层状钙钛矿也完全没有这样的研究。为了克服这些限制，我们开发了一种新的“一石二鸟”策略，使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）辅助NaBH4还原，同时将Bi0和OVs引入BTNO，而PVP作为多功能界面调节剂。微观结构分析表明，PVP不仅可以引导超薄纳米片的形成以促进电荷传输，还可以创建一个保护层，有效地稳定Bi0和OVs的氧化和愈合，从而保持催化界面的稳定性和活性。Bi0和OVs之间的协同作用显著改善了可见光吸收、电荷分离和表面反应性。优化后的Bi0/OVs-BTNO-0.5PVP-20催化剂表现出优异的光催化活性，周转频率（TOF）为4.62 × 10−4 s−1，光电流密度是原始BTNO的2.5倍，并且具有良好的循环稳定性。重要的是，PVP的保护作用确保了卓越的循环稳定性，直接解决了铋基光催化剂长期存在的不稳定性问题。这项工作为聚合物介导的稳定机制提供了基本的见解，并为开发高效耐用的双活性位点光催化剂提供了一种通用的材料设计策略，用于可持续的环境应用。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide by ZnO-based materials and multiphysical parameter regulation of Ni-substituted ZnO ZnO基材料对过氧化氢的电化学检测及ni取代ZnO的多物理参数调控

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100773

Xinyu Yin , Xin Zhang , Jin Li , Wenjun Chu , Wen Xie , Jiaping Hu , Lulu Tang , Qin-Xin Luo , Han-Shu Xu

The development of highly sensitive electrochemical sensors for rapid and accurate quantification of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is of great significance in biological, clinical, and various other fields. However, there remains insufficient understanding of how to optimize material structures to enhance sensing performance and the mechanisms by which physical parameter regulation influences sensing properties. In this work, we report the growth of micron-scale, Ni-substituted needle-shaped ZnO arrays on a flexible interdigitated electrode substrate, achieved through the initial synthesis of a nanostructured ZnO seed layer. Electrochemical experiments revealed that Ni-substituted ZnO exhibits superior H₂O₂ sensing performance compared to needle-shaped ZnO arrays and the ZnO seed layer. The incorporation of Ni significantly reduces the resistivity, increases the specific surface area, and enhances the adsorption of oxygen species. Importantly, we employed multiple physical parameters, including magnetic field, UV illumination, and mechanical strain, to regulate the H₂O₂ sensing performance of Ni-substituted ZnO, and clarified the underlying physical mechanisms behind these regulations. In short, our ZnO-based flexible materials provide a promising approach for non-invasive, real-time H₂O₂ monitoring, holding strong potential for wearable medical devices and point-of-care applications.

开发高灵敏度的电化学传感器，实现过氧化氢（H2O2）的快速准确定量，在生物、临床等领域具有重要意义。然而，如何优化材料结构以提高传感性能以及物理参数调节影响传感性能的机制仍然不够了解。在这项工作中，我们报道了通过初始合成纳米结构ZnO种子层，在柔性交错电极衬底上生长微米尺度的ni取代针状ZnO阵列。电化学实验表明，与针状ZnO阵列和ZnO种子层相比，ni取代ZnO具有更好的H2O2传感性能。Ni的掺入显著降低了电阻率，增加了比表面积，增强了对氧的吸附。重要的是，我们采用了多种物理参数，包括磁场、UV光照和机械应变，来调节ni取代ZnO的H2O2传感性能，并阐明了这些调节背后的物理机制。简而言之，我们的zno基柔性材料为非侵入式实时H2O2监测提供了一种很有前途的方法，在可穿戴医疗设备和护理点应用中具有强大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Applications of adsorption microcalorimetry in heterogeneous catalysis 吸附微热法在多相催化中的应用

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100737

Yinan Liu , Yunxing Bai , Zhenxuan Yuan, Weixin Huang

The rational design of heterogeneous catalysts requires a quantitative understanding of adsorption energetics at the gas-solid interface. Adsorption microcalorimetry stands out by directly and quantitatively measuring the heat of adsorption, providing an intrinsic descriptor of catalytic reactivity. Herein we review applications of adsorption microcalorimetry in heterogeneous catalysis. After a brief introduction of various characterization techniques applied in heterogeneous catalysis, the fundamental principles and instrumental developments of adsorption microcalorimetry are overviewed, then recent advances in adsorption microcalorimetry characterization studies of both well-defined single-crystal surfaces and powder catalysts are summarized with highlights on establishing benchmark adsorption energies for testing computational methods, uncovering universal principles of size-dependent energetics and metal-support interaction, resolving site heterogeneity, correlating adsorption energetics with catalytic activity/selectivity and elucidating reaction mechanisms, finally concluding remarks and perspective on future research focuses on adsorption microcalorimetry for heterogeneous catalysis are given.

多相催化剂的合理设计需要对气固界面吸附能量的定量理解。吸附微热法通过直接定量地测量吸附热而脱颖而出，提供了催化反应性的内在描述。本文综述了吸附微热法在多相催化中的应用。在简要介绍了各种表征技术在多相催化中的应用之后，综述了吸附微热法的基本原理和仪器发展，然后总结了近年来在明确定义的单晶表面和粉末催化剂的吸附微热表征研究方面的进展，重点介绍了建立基准吸附能以测试计算方法。揭示了尺寸依赖性能量学和金属-载体相互作用的普遍原理，解决了位点非均质性，将吸附能量学与催化活性/选择性联系起来，阐明了反应机理，最后对吸附微热法在多相催化中的研究方向进行了总结和展望。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-modal study on the metal-to-insulator transition and optoelectronic properties of laser-textured W-VO2 thin films 激光织构W-VO2薄膜金属-绝缘体跃迁及光电特性的多模态研究

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100723

J.L. Calderón , J. Outón , E. Blanco , M. Domínguez , M. Ramírez-del-Solar

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) has emerged as one of the most attractive candidates for thermochromic coatings in smart windows, due to its ability to reversibly regulate solar infrared transmission through a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT). W-doped VO₂ (M₁) thin films were synthesized by a polymer-assisted sol-gel route and deposited onto borosilicate glass by dip-coating. Optimization of the thermal treatment and doping with 1 wt% of W⁶⁺ yielded a pronounced reduction of the phase transition temperature from 68 °C to 37.5 °C, together with a well-defined thermochromic response in the UV–Vis–NIR range. Moreover, a comprehensive optical characterization was performed by spectrophotometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry, combined with the study of nanomechanical, textural and electrical properties of the thin films through diverse Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) modes. The combination of these techniques has revealed distinct evolutions of the optical and electronic properties across the MIT, thereby providing further insight on its nature. Furthermore, novel line-based ultrashort-pulse laser texturing patterns were developed to selectively remove portions of the film while allowing more control over the laser ablated area. Results indicate that these laser treatments can increase luminous transmittance in thin films by 30 % while preserving their solar and IR modulation, thus enhancing the applicability of W-VO₂ thin films in smart window technologies. The incorporation of a textured sample into a proof of concept thermochromic system produced a 50 % reduction in system heating after IR radiation, compared with an equivalent plain-glass system, thus demonstrating the practical thermal-management benefits of these W-doped VO₂ textured samples.

二氧化钒（VO2）已经成为智能窗户中最具吸引力的热致变色涂层之一，因为它能够通过金属到绝缘体的转变（MIT）可逆地调节太阳红外传输。采用聚合物辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备了w掺杂VO2 （M1）薄膜，并通过浸渍涂覆在硼硅酸盐玻璃上。优化热处理和掺杂1 wt%的W6+，使相变温度从68°C显著降低到37.5°C，同时在UV-Vis-NIR范围内具有明确的热致变色响应。此外，通过分光光度法和椭偏光谱法对薄膜进行了全面的光学表征，并通过不同的原子力显微镜（AFM）模式对薄膜的纳米力学、结构和电学性能进行了研究。这些技术的结合揭示了麻省理工学院光学和电子特性的不同演变，从而进一步了解其性质。此外，研究人员还开发了新的基于线的超短脉冲激光纹理模式，以选择性地去除部分薄膜，同时对激光烧蚀区域进行更多的控制。结果表明，这些激光处理可以使薄膜的透光率提高30%，同时保持其太阳和红外调制，从而增强了W-VO2薄膜在智能窗口技术中的适用性。与等效的普通玻璃系统相比，将纹理样品纳入概念验证热致变色系统后，红外辐射后的系统加热减少了50%，从而证明了这些w掺杂VO2纹理样品的实际热管理优势。

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引用次数: 0

Solvent-assisted size effect and defect engineering synergistically prepare high-efficiency microwave absorbers 溶剂辅助尺寸效应与缺陷工程协同制备高效微波吸收剂

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100753

Jia Su , Fushan Li , Lujie Zhang , Xuan Yang , Jiaomin Li , Hongya Wu , Xiaoyi Zhao , Shilu Wang , Zidong Zhang , Lixin Xuan

In order to address the high-performance needs for absorptive materials in modern electronic devices and to overcome technical barriers such as frequency bandwidth and impedance matching, a cooperative design strategy is proposed that combines solvent-assisted size effects with defect engineering. A series of nanoflower CuS samples was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal process, with the type of solvent being the only variable factor in the experimental design. The synergistic effect between solvent-induced micro-size regulation and copper vacancy engineering enhances impedance matching, stimulates conductive loss, and promotes defect polarization. The CuS-S-EG sample, which had been optimized, was dispersed in the paraffin matrix with a mass fraction of 30 %, thereby achieving an effective absorption band (EAB) of 6.93 GHz with a thickness of a mere 2.18 mm. Concurrently, an exceptional minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −28.63 dB with a matching thickness of 2.41 mm was achieved. Radar cross-section (RCS) simulations further demonstrated the dissipation capability of CuS-S-EG electromagnetic wave (EMW) in real-world applications. This study proposes a novel methodology for the fabrication of high-performance CuS-based absorbers.

为了解决现代电子器件对吸波材料的高性能需求，克服频率带宽和阻抗匹配等技术障碍，提出了一种溶剂辅助尺寸效应与缺陷工程相结合的协同设计策略。采用简单的水热法合成了一系列纳米花CuS样品，溶剂类型是实验设计中唯一的可变因素。溶剂诱导的微尺寸调节与铜空位工程的协同作用增强了阻抗匹配，刺激了导电损失，促进了缺陷极化。优化后的cu - s - eg样品以30%的质量分数分散在石蜡基体中，有效吸收带（EAB）为6.93 GHz，厚度仅为2.18 mm。同时，在匹配厚度为2.41 mm的情况下，实现了−28.63 dB的最小反射损耗（RLmin）。雷达截面（RCS）仿真进一步证明了cu -s - eg电磁波（EMW）在实际应用中的耗散能力。本研究提出了一种制备高性能cu基吸收剂的新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Bio-organic collagen–graphene nanofiber synaptic device emulating neuroplasticity and spike-timing-dependent plasticity 模拟神经可塑性和峰值时间依赖性可塑性的生物有机胶原-石墨烯纳米纤维突触装置

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100746

Shivtej M. Mane , Amit A. Bagade , Kasturi A. Rokade , Sumedh S. Mahajan , Pooja D. Halagale , Sharmili A. Surve , Pooja P. Sonawane , Kiran A. Nirmal , A. Anto Jeffery , Young-Ho Ahn , Tae Geun Kim , Tukaram D. Dongale

Collagen is a biocompatible and biodegradable biopolymer with potential applications in bioelectronics; however, its poor electrical conductivity limits its use in electronic devices. To overcome this, we have composited the collagen with highly conducting 2D graphene and synthesized one-dimensional (1D) collagen-graphene nanofibers (Col-Gr NFs) by the electrospinning technique. These 1D NFs were utilized to emulate comprehensive neuroplasticity for neuromorphic computing applications, owing to their structural and functional similarities to biological neurons and synapses. The Ag/Col-Gr NFs/FTO device shows good bipolar resistive switching within ±1 V. Moreover, the Ag/Col-Gr NFs/FTO device shows excellent cycle stability (15,000 cycles) and memory retention (30,000 s) by switching between two memory states. The charge-flux analysis confirmed the device’s non-ideal memristive behaviour. The switching variability was assessed using different statistical techniques. The device emulates key synaptic behaviours, including potentiation, depression, excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic currents (EPSC/IPSC), paired-pulse facilitation and depression (PPF/PPD), and two types of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) rules. Importantly, the Ag/Col-Gr NFs/FTO device exhibited complete degradation in aqueous conditions, confirming its physically transient nature. This work demonstrates the promising potential of Col-Gr composite NFs as a novel material for sustainable artificial synaptic devices.

胶原蛋白是一种具有生物相容性和可生物降解的生物聚合物，在生物电子学方面具有潜在的应用前景；然而，其导电性差限制了其在电子设备中的应用。为了克服这一问题，我们将胶原蛋白与高导电性的二维石墨烯复合，并通过静电纺丝技术合成了一维（1D）胶原-石墨烯纳米纤维（Col-Gr NFs）。由于其结构和功能与生物神经元和突触相似，这些1D NFs被用来模拟神经形态计算应用的综合神经可塑性。Ag/Col-Gr NFs/FTO器件在±1v内具有良好的双极电阻开关性能。此外，Ag/Col-Gr NFs/FTO器件通过在两种记忆状态之间切换，表现出优异的周期稳定性（15,000个周期）和记忆保留（30,000 s）。电荷通量分析证实了器件的非理想忆阻特性。使用不同的统计技术评估开关变异性。该装置模拟关键的突触行为，包括增强、抑制、兴奋性和抑制性突触后电流（EPSC/IPSC）、成对脉冲促进和抑制（PPF/PPD），以及两种类型的峰值时间依赖的可塑性（STDP）规则。重要的是，Ag/Col-Gr NFs/FTO器件在水条件下表现出完全降解，证实了其物理瞬态性质。这项工作证明了colr - gr复合材料NFs作为可持续人工突触器件的新材料的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Fluorescent protein-inspired hypoxia-activatable nanoparticles for synergistic two photon photodynamic and photothermal therapy 用于协同双光子光动力和光热治疗的荧光蛋白激发低氧活化纳米颗粒

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100758

Wan Feng , Ying Qian , Yibing Xie

Hypoxia-activated fluorescent protein nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized for synergistic two-photon photodynamic/photothermal therapy. QPFPO, a phenothiazine-derived tetrameric fluorescent protein chromophore analogue, was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation, with its S and N heteroatoms serving to promote intersystem crossing. Subsequently, QPFPO and the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) were co-assembled with DSPE-PEG-FA to form QPFPO@TPZ NPs. Quantum chemical calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrate that QPFPO enhances Type I and Type II reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through photo-induced molecular twisting and symmetry-breaking charge separation mechanisms. Under one-photon excitation, QPFPO exhibits absorption/emission redshifts from 460 nm/625 nm–500 nm/696 nm. Singlet oxygen, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals are generated by QPFPO@TPZ NPs upon exposure to 460 nm light. QPFPO@TPZ NPs achieve localized hyperthermia with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 39.39 %, effectively inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The two-photon absorption cross-section of QPFPO@TPZ NPs is 31 GM at 800 nm in aqueous solution, which is sufficient for bright two-photon fluorescence imaging in cancer cells. Furthermore, in zebrafish xenograft models, two-photon photodynamic therapy led to a 51 % reduction in tumor volume, which significantly enhanced the overall treatment efficacy. For the treatment of human hypoxic tumors, QPFPO@TPZ NPs offer a promising strategy as a hypoxia-targeted photosensitizer operable under two-photon excitation.

合成了缺氧激活的荧光蛋白纳米颗粒（NPs），用于协同双光子光动力/光热治疗。QPFPO是一种由吩噻嗪衍生的四聚体荧光蛋白发色团类似物，通过Knoevenagel缩合合成，其S和N杂原子促进了系统间的交叉。随后，QPFPO和缺氧激活的前药替拉帕嗪（TPZ）与DSPE-PEG-FA共同组装形成QPFPO@TPZ NPs。量子化学计算和飞秒瞬态吸收光谱表明，QPFPO通过光诱导分子扭曲和对称破缺电荷分离机制增强了I型和II型活性氧（ROS）的生成。在单光子激发下，QPFPO表现出460 nm/625 nm - 500 nm/696 nm的吸收/发射红移。单重态氧、超氧自由基和羟基自由基由QPFPO@TPZ NPs在460 nm光下产生。QPFPO@TPZ NPs实现局部热疗，光热转换效率为39.39%，有效诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。QPFPO@TPZ NPs在水溶液中800 nm处的双光子吸收截面为31 GM，足以在癌细胞中进行明亮的双光子荧光成像。此外，在斑马鱼异种移植模型中，双光子光动力治疗导致肿瘤体积减少51%，显着提高了整体治疗效果。对于人类低氧肿瘤的治疗，QPFPO@TPZ NPs作为一种在双光子激发下可操作的低氧靶向光敏剂提供了一种很有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-low-temperature sintering of TiO2 via grain boundary diffusion enabled by nanosecond laser irradiation 纳秒激光辐照实现晶界扩散的TiO2超低温烧结

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100732

Maryam Soleimani , Mohammad Nankali , Walter Duley , Xiaoye Zhao , Peng Peng , Y Norman Zhou

Sintering of metal oxide ceramics typically requires high temperatures to achieve densification; however, excessive heat often leads to grain coarsening and phase instability. In this study, nanosecond (ns) laser irradiation is employed for the first time as a pre-treatment step of TiO₂ nanoparticle to lower the sintering temperature by tailoring the microstructure at the nanoscale. During ns laser exposure, the localized high-energy input lowers the activation energy for dislocation nucleation, thereby increasing dislocation density. Subsequently, with optimized exposure duration, heat accumulation induces localized annealing, which facilitates dislocation annihilation and initiates in situ recrystallization during irradiation. This process leads to the formation of new nanoscale grains within individual nanoparticles prior to sintering. During subsequent furnace sintering at low temperature (750 °C), these laser-induced nanograins remain stable and serve as diffusion-active pathways, promoting a transition from surface diffusion to grain boundary diffusion, as confirmed by diffusion coefficient analysis. This mechanism enhances densification, reduces porosity, and improves relative density. At elevated temperatures (∼1050 °C), extreme annealing destabilizes the laser-induced nanoscale grains, effectively suppressing grain boundary-mediated diffusion. Overall, the findings demonstrate that grain boundary diffusion can drive densification at low temperatures, bypassing the conventional grain growth typically associated with ceramic sintering.

金属氧化物陶瓷的烧结通常需要高温来实现致密化；然而，过热往往导致晶粒粗化和相不稳定。在本研究中，首次采用纳秒激光照射作为TiO2纳米颗粒的预处理步骤，通过在纳米尺度上定制微观结构来降低烧结温度。在ns激光照射过程中，局域高能输入降低了位错成核的活化能，从而增加了位错密度。随后，通过优化暴露时间，热积累诱导局部退火，从而促进位错湮灭并在辐照过程中引发原位再结晶。这个过程导致单个纳米颗粒在烧结之前形成新的纳米级颗粒。扩散系数分析证实，在随后的低温（750℃）烧结过程中，这些激光诱导的纳米颗粒保持稳定，并作为扩散活性途径，促进了从表面扩散到晶界扩散的转变。这种机制增强了致密性，降低了孔隙率，提高了相对密度。在高温（~ 1050°C）下，极端退火使激光诱导的纳米级晶粒不稳定，有效地抑制晶界介导的扩散。总的来说，研究结果表明晶界扩散可以在低温下驱动致密化，绕过传统的晶粒生长通常与陶瓷烧结相关。

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引用次数: 0

Elucidation dynamics of ZnO and ZrO2 in catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation: An in-situ TEM study 催化CO2加氢过程中ZnO和ZrO2的解析动力学：原位TEM研究

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Nano

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100765

Lizhuo Wang , Yasuhiro Sakamoto , Ang Li , Xin Fang , Yuhan Men , Penny Xiao , Paul A. Webley , Xiaodong Han , Jun Huang

Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ (CZZ) catalysts are widely used in CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. However, their structural dynamics under reaction conditions and related reaction mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we employed in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate structural changes in Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ catalysts under CO₂ and H₂/CO₂ environments at 200 °C and 250 °C. Under CO₂ conditions, coexisting CuO and ZnO phases were observed along with a diminishing crystalline ZrO₂ phase. Under H₂/CO₂ conditions, dynamic formation and evolution of a CuZn alloy phase occurred, accompanied by the reappearance of crystalline ZrO₂ nanoparticles. It is also noted that copper in Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ is difficult to be completely reduced in a H₂/CO₂ environment, in contrast to un-supported CuO nanoparticles. These results suggest a distinct function of ZrO₂ and ZnO support in the catalyst, which alters the catalytic performance of the CZZ system. The findings of this study provide new insight into the dynamic behavior of CZZ catalysts under actual reaction conditions.

Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 （CZZ）催化剂广泛应用于CO2加氢制甲醇。然而，它们在反应条件下的结构动力学和相关的反应机理尚不清楚。本研究采用原位透射电镜（TEM）研究了Cu/ZnO/ZrO2催化剂在200°C和250°C的CO2和H2/CO2环境下的结构变化。在CO2条件下，CuO相和ZnO相共存，ZrO2相逐渐减少。在H2/CO2条件下，CuZn合金相的动态形成和演化伴随着ZrO2纳米颗粒结晶的重现。研究还发现，Cu/ZnO/ZrO2中的铜在H2/CO2环境中很难被完全还原，而非CuO纳米颗粒。这些结果表明ZrO2和ZnO载体在催化剂中具有明显的作用，从而改变了CZZ体系的催化性能。本研究结果对实际反应条件下CZZ催化剂的动力学行为提供了新的认识。

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引用次数: 0