Constructing carbon-based materials with microporous architectures remains challenging. Herein, we propose a micropore confinement strategy employing an all-thiophene conjugated microporous polymer as the framework. Through in-situ polymerization of pyrrole monomers within the micropores followed by one-step carbonization, N and S co-doped microporous carbon materials are successfully fabricated. The resulting material not only achieves uniform incorporation of N and S atoms but also retains a well-defined microporous structure. The material benefits from optimized impedance matching and enhanced polarization loss due to N, S co-doping. The N, S co-doped microporous carbon exhibits exceptional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −61.63 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.32 GHz. This work provides new insights into the design of multi-heteroatom-doped microporous carbons for high-performance EMW absorption.
{"title":"Confining-polymerization strategy to construct microporous N, S co-doped carbon for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Hongcheng Shang , Youjian Chen , Siyao Cheng , Wei Dong , Aming Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructing carbon-based materials with microporous architectures remains challenging. Herein, we propose a micropore confinement strategy employing an all-thiophene conjugated microporous polymer as the framework. Through in-situ polymerization of pyrrole monomers within the micropores followed by one-step carbonization, N and S co-doped microporous carbon materials are successfully fabricated. The resulting material not only achieves uniform incorporation of N and S atoms but also retains a well-defined microporous structure. The material benefits from optimized impedance matching and enhanced polarization loss due to N, S co-doping. The N, S co-doped microporous carbon exhibits exceptional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −61.63 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.32 GHz. This work provides new insights into the design of multi-heteroatom-doped microporous carbons for high-performance EMW absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100731
Yunze Xu , Xiongya Li , Xiaochen Feng , Xiaochang Lu , Jiawei Lin , Dingguo Luo , Ranjith Kumar Kankala , Shibin Wang , Aizheng Chen , Chaoping Fu
The rise of antibiotic resistance and the slow pace of new antibiotic discovery highlight the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising candidate, but its efficacy is limited by shallow light penetration and hypoxic microenvironments in deep-seated infections such as abscesses and biofilms. Here, we developed a self-oxygenating nanocomposite (HTCC-MnO2-Ce6, HMC) to overcome these barriers. Quaternized chitosan (HTCC) provided intrinsic antibacterial activity and facilitated electrostatic interactions with bacterial membranes. MnO2 nanoparticles catalyzed endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into O2, thereby alleviating hypoxia and sustaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under light irradiation. Ce6 acted as a photosensitizer to induce oxidative damage, while the HTCC matrix further promoted bacterial membrane disruption. In vitro, HMC displayed excellent cytocompatibility and achieved over 95 % bacterial reduction under hypoxic conditions. In a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) abscess model, treatment markedly decreased bacterial burden, attenuated inflammation, and accelerated wound closure within 14 days. Collectively, this self-oxygenating nanoplatform integrates catalytic oxygen generation, membrane-targeted antibacterial activity, and photodynamic therapy, offering a potent non-antibiotic approach for managing multidrug-resistant infections and promoting abscess healing.
{"title":"Development of self-oxygenated nano-MnO2 composites for enhanced antibacterial photodynamic therapy","authors":"Yunze Xu , Xiongya Li , Xiaochen Feng , Xiaochang Lu , Jiawei Lin , Dingguo Luo , Ranjith Kumar Kankala , Shibin Wang , Aizheng Chen , Chaoping Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of antibiotic resistance and the slow pace of new antibiotic discovery highlight the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising candidate, but its efficacy is limited by shallow light penetration and hypoxic microenvironments in deep-seated infections such as abscesses and biofilms. Here, we developed a self-oxygenating nanocomposite (HTCC-MnO<sub>2</sub>-Ce6, HMC) to overcome these barriers. Quaternized chitosan (HTCC) provided intrinsic antibacterial activity and facilitated electrostatic interactions with bacterial membranes. MnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles catalyzed endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) into O<sub>2</sub>, thereby alleviating hypoxia and sustaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under light irradiation. Ce6 acted as a photosensitizer to induce oxidative damage, while the HTCC matrix further promoted bacterial membrane disruption. <em>In vitro</em>, HMC displayed excellent cytocompatibility and achieved over 95 % bacterial reduction under hypoxic conditions. In a methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>MRSA</em>) abscess model, treatment markedly decreased bacterial burden, attenuated inflammation, and accelerated wound closure within 14 days. Collectively, this self-oxygenating nanoplatform integrates catalytic oxygen generation, membrane-targeted antibacterial activity, and photodynamic therapy, offering a potent non-antibiotic approach for managing multidrug-resistant infections and promoting abscess healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100730
Linjiang Yu , Liuxi Chen , Xian Zhou , Fangwen Yang , Chen Zou , Min Tang , Yang Ou , Limin Li , Ying Jiang , Hai Wang , Siyu Yao , Liang Wang , Zhong-kang Han , Wentao Yuan
Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) plays a crucial role in heterogeneous catalysis,yet the mechanism of water vapor-induced SMSI (w-SMSI) and its dynamic evolution remain poorly understood. Herein, by combining synchronized in situ ambient pressure transmission electron microscopy (TEM), spectroscopy techniques, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study in situ reveal the formation and dynamic evolution of SMSI overlayers on Pt-TiO2 catalysts in water vapor environments at the atomic level. Under alternating water vapor and H2 environments at 600 °C, the crystalline overlayer underwent a reversible transition between crystalline TiOxHy bilayer and TiO2-x monolayer, accompanied by dynamic changes in Ti4+/Ti3+ contents. In addition, both the overlayer structures were highly sensitive to the temperature: they maintained the crystalline structures at elevated temperature but became amorphous layers upon cooling to room temperature, with distinct thicknesses that w-SMSI overlayers consistently thicker than those formed in H2. This work reveals the atomic structure evolution of SMSI overlayers through in situ microscopy and spectroscopy, establishing a foundation for precise manipulation of SMSI in varying conditions.
{"title":"Revealing the formation and evolution of the dynamic strong metal-support interaction in the water vapor environment","authors":"Linjiang Yu , Liuxi Chen , Xian Zhou , Fangwen Yang , Chen Zou , Min Tang , Yang Ou , Limin Li , Ying Jiang , Hai Wang , Siyu Yao , Liang Wang , Zhong-kang Han , Wentao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) plays a crucial role in heterogeneous catalysis,yet the mechanism of water vapor-induced SMSI (w-SMSI) and its dynamic evolution remain poorly understood. Herein, by combining synchronized in situ ambient pressure transmission electron microscopy (TEM), spectroscopy techniques, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study in situ reveal the formation and dynamic evolution of SMSI overlayers on Pt-TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts in water vapor environments at the atomic level. Under alternating water vapor and H<sub>2</sub> environments at 600 °C, the crystalline overlayer underwent a reversible transition between crystalline TiO<sub><em>x</em></sub>H<sub><em>y</em></sub> bilayer and TiO<sub>2-<em>x</em></sub> monolayer, accompanied by dynamic changes in Ti<sup>4+</sup>/Ti<sup>3+</sup> contents. In addition, both the overlayer structures were highly sensitive to the temperature: they maintained the crystalline structures at elevated temperature but became amorphous layers upon cooling to room temperature, with distinct thicknesses that w-SMSI overlayers consistently thicker than those formed in H<sub>2</sub>. This work reveals the atomic structure evolution of SMSI overlayers through in situ microscopy and spectroscopy, establishing a foundation for precise manipulation of SMSI in varying conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100729
Mingming Zhu , Lei Ying , Beien Zhu , Yi Gao
The morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) plays a crucial role in determining their catalytic reaction efficiency and selectivity. Recent in situ characterization studies have revealed that Cu NPs undergo dynamic morphological changes when exposed to a reaction atmosphere. However, establishing a clear link between these morphological changes and catalytic activity remains an urgent issue to be addressed. Here we developed a self-consistent multiscale structural reconstruction (ScMSR) method combined with first-principles-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the in-situ morphology and catalytic property of Cu NPs in the water-gas shift reaction. The results indicate significant structural changes of Cu NPs under different reaction conditions, which are crucial for the reaction activity. Specifically, the elementary steps of H2O dissociation, COOH formation, and OH-assisted COOH dissociation primarily take place at the (110) facet and edges of Cu NPs, while H2 mainly forms at (111), (100) and (110) facets. The efficiency of Cu NPs is determined by the adaptively transformed structures during the reactions. This study provides a theoretical protocol to correlate the dynamic morphology of nanoparticles with the chemical reaction mechanisms in in-situ reaction conditions.
{"title":"Correlating the in-situ morphology of copper nanoparticles with reaction activity in water-gas shift reaction","authors":"Mingming Zhu , Lei Ying , Beien Zhu , Yi Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) plays a crucial role in determining their catalytic reaction efficiency and selectivity. Recent in situ characterization studies have revealed that Cu NPs undergo dynamic morphological changes when exposed to a reaction atmosphere. However, establishing a clear link between these morphological changes and catalytic activity remains an urgent issue to be addressed. Here we developed a self-consistent multiscale structural reconstruction (ScMSR) method combined with first-principles-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the in-situ morphology and catalytic property of Cu NPs in the water-gas shift reaction. The results indicate significant structural changes of Cu NPs under different reaction conditions, which are crucial for the reaction activity. Specifically, the elementary steps of H<sub>2</sub>O dissociation, COOH formation, and OH-assisted COOH dissociation primarily take place at the (110) facet and edges of Cu NPs, while H<sub>2</sub> mainly forms at (111), (100) and (110) facets. The efficiency of Cu NPs is determined by the adaptively transformed structures during the reactions. This study provides a theoretical protocol to correlate the dynamic morphology of nanoparticles with the chemical reaction mechanisms in in-situ reaction conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100725
Yaqi Lai , Xin Chen , Ye Ma , Wenfu Yan , Xiangju Meng , Fan Yang , Feng-Shou Xiao
Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) with methane (CH4-SCR) has been considered as a promising strategy for the simultaneous elimination of both NOx and CH4 in the exhaust gas. In this manuscript, cobalt ion-exchanged SSZ-16 zeolite (Co-SSZ-16, Co-AFX) was synthesized and evaluated as a catalyst for CH4-SCR. Comprehensive characterizations confirmed that divalent cobalt ions (Co2+) occupying ion-exchange sites were the active species for the reactions by various techniques including in-situ FTIR, XPS and XAS etc. Furthermore, hydrothermal treatment at 750 and 800 °C demonstrated the critical influence of Si/Al ratio (SAR) upon the hydrothermal stability of Co-SSZ-16. As a consequence, Co-SSZ-16 with high SAR exhibited high catalytic activity and enhanced hydrothermal stability, suggesting its potential as viable candidate for commercial application in CH4-SCR process.
{"title":"Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with methane over Co-SSZ-16","authors":"Yaqi Lai , Xin Chen , Ye Ma , Wenfu Yan , Xiangju Meng , Fan Yang , Feng-Shou Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) with methane (CH<sub>4</sub>-SCR) has been considered as a promising strategy for the simultaneous elimination of both NO<sub>x</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in the exhaust gas. In this manuscript, cobalt ion-exchanged SSZ-16 zeolite (Co-SSZ-16, Co-AFX) was synthesized and evaluated as a catalyst for CH<sub>4</sub>-SCR. Comprehensive characterizations confirmed that divalent cobalt ions (Co<sup>2+</sup>) occupying ion-exchange sites were the active species for the reactions by various techniques including <em>in-situ</em> FTIR, XPS and XAS <em>etc</em>. Furthermore, hydrothermal treatment at 750 and 800 °C demonstrated the critical influence of Si/Al ratio (SAR) upon the hydrothermal stability of Co-SSZ-16. As a consequence, Co-SSZ-16 with high SAR exhibited high catalytic activity and enhanced hydrothermal stability, suggesting its potential as viable candidate for commercial application in CH<sub>4</sub>-SCR process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100725"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100726
Shadab Dabagh , Hamed Ghorbanpoor , Merve Nur Soykan , Ayla Eker Sarıboyacı , Barbara Adinolfi , Ambra Giannetti , Zesen Li , Ni Lan , Bai-Ou Guan , Hüseyin Avci , Yang Ran , Francesco Chiavaioli
Cancer remains a leading global health challenge, causing nearly 10 million deaths annually. We report a multifunctional magnetite-based dendrimer nanocarrier (MAGSiAG1) and its ibuprofen-loaded form (IBU@MAGSiAG1) for synergistic anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hyperthermia, and diagnostic applications. FTIR, XRD, TGA, DLS, and zeta potential analyses confirm successful sequential functionalization, dendrimer formation, and ibuprofen loading, resulting in spherical nanocarriers with an average hydrodynamic size of 70 nm and near-neutral surface charge (−39 mV) suitable for tumor penetration and systemic stability. VSM measurements reveal superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization decreasing from 75 emu/g to 35–40 emu/g, ensuring strong magnetic responsiveness while maintaining colloidal stability. Under an alternating magnetic field (150 Oe), IBU@MAGSiAG1 achieves therapeutic temperatures (∼45 °C) via Néel and Brownian relaxation. In vitro relaxivity measurements showcase high T2 relaxivity coefficient (r2 = 358.88 ± 5 mM−1 s−1 for MAGSiAG1, 335 ± 49.8 mM−1 s−1 for IBU@MAGSiAG1), empowering effective MRI contrast. Drug loading efficiency exceeds 90%, with pH-responsive release profile that demonstrates accelerated ibuprofen release in acidic conditions (tumor-mimicking pH 5.0–6.5) and slower release at physiological pH (∼7.4). Cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 human cancer cells reveal good viability (85–90%) at 250–400 μg/mL of drug concentration range, while higher concentrations (∼400 μg/mL) reduce viability to ∼60%, indicating therapeutic potential. Good biocompatibility of the developed nanocarriers is attained using with EA.hy926 endothelial cells, ensuring safe systemic delivery. Overall, IBU@MAGSiAG1 showcases high multifunctionality by integrating hyperthermia, controlled drug release, and MRI contrast into a single platform, paving the way for novel therapeutic targeted treatments in cancers that might advance personalized medicine approaches.
{"title":"Multifunctional dendrimer nanocarrier loaded with ibuprofen for synergistic personalized theranostics and targeted ablation in breast cancer","authors":"Shadab Dabagh , Hamed Ghorbanpoor , Merve Nur Soykan , Ayla Eker Sarıboyacı , Barbara Adinolfi , Ambra Giannetti , Zesen Li , Ni Lan , Bai-Ou Guan , Hüseyin Avci , Yang Ran , Francesco Chiavaioli","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a leading global health challenge, causing nearly 10 million deaths annually. We report a multifunctional magnetite-based dendrimer nanocarrier (MAGSiAG<sub>1</sub>) and its ibuprofen-loaded form (IBU@MAGSiAG<sub>1</sub>) for synergistic anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hyperthermia, and diagnostic applications. FTIR, XRD, TGA, DLS, and zeta potential analyses confirm successful sequential functionalization, dendrimer formation, and ibuprofen loading, resulting in spherical nanocarriers with an average hydrodynamic size of 70 nm and near-neutral surface charge (−39 mV) suitable for tumor penetration and systemic stability. VSM measurements reveal superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization decreasing from 75 emu/g to 35–40 emu/g, ensuring strong magnetic responsiveness while maintaining colloidal stability. Under an alternating magnetic field (150 Oe), IBU@MAGSiAG1 achieves therapeutic temperatures (∼45 °C) via <em>Néel</em> and <em>Brownian</em> relaxation. <em>In vitro</em> relaxivity measurements showcase high T2 relaxivity coefficient (r<sub>2</sub> = 358.88 ± 5 mM<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for MAGSiAG1, 335 ± 49.8 mM<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for IBU@MAGSiAG1), empowering effective MRI contrast. Drug loading efficiency exceeds 90%, with pH-responsive release profile that demonstrates accelerated ibuprofen release in acidic conditions (tumor-mimicking pH 5.0–6.5) and slower release at physiological pH (∼7.4). Cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 human cancer cells reveal good viability (85–90%) at 250–400 μg/mL of drug concentration range, while higher concentrations (∼400 μg/mL) reduce viability to ∼60%, indicating therapeutic potential. Good biocompatibility of the developed nanocarriers is attained using with EA.hy926 endothelial cells, ensuring safe systemic delivery. Overall, IBU@MAGSiAG1 showcases high multifunctionality by integrating hyperthermia, controlled drug release, and MRI contrast into a single platform, paving the way for novel therapeutic targeted treatments in cancers that might advance personalized medicine approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100727
Geum-Jae Jeong , Ju-Hong Kang , Dong-Joo Park , Kyung-Jin Cho , Ye-Hyeon Jo , Hyo-Jin Kim , Won-Kyo Jung , Fazlurrahman Khan , Young-Mog Kim
Understanding of the synthesis mechanism in green routes to metal nanoparticles (NPs) remains limited. Here, we employed a metabolomics-based strategy to elucidate the molecular mechanism of microbial extract-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In parallel, the antibacterial efficacy and toxicological profiles of the synthesized AgNPs were systematically evaluated. Using a cell-free supernatant from Bacillus rugosus HH2 as a biological reducing agent, spherical HH2-AgNPs with an average diameter of 42.24 ± 7.30 nm were synthesized, exhibiting structural characteristics consistent with conventional AgNPs. HH2-AgNPs displayed potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16–32 μg/mL against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Growth curve and time-kill assays revealed distinct bacteriostatic effects at sub-MIC levels and complete bactericidal activity within 3 h at MIC, confirming rapid bacterial eradication. FE-SEM imaging further demonstrated that HH2-AgNPs caused severe membrane disruption accompanied by leakage of intracellular contents, providing morphological evidence for their antibacterial mechanism. Toxicological analyses indicated excellent hemocompatibility (hemolysis <5 % up to 64 μg/mL) and >70 % cell viability in mammalian cells at antibacterial concentrations, confirming their biocompatibility. Metabolomic profiling of the HH2 supernatant before and after precursor treatment identified surfactin B and surfactin C as key metabolites involved in Ag+ reduction. Overall, this study elucidates the microbial synthesis mechanism facilitating AgNP formation and demonstrates the potent, rapid, and biocompatible antibacterial performance of HH2-AgNPs.
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using bacterial supernatant: multifaceted antibacterial activity and metabolomics-based elucidation of the synthesis mechanism","authors":"Geum-Jae Jeong , Ju-Hong Kang , Dong-Joo Park , Kyung-Jin Cho , Ye-Hyeon Jo , Hyo-Jin Kim , Won-Kyo Jung , Fazlurrahman Khan , Young-Mog Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding of the synthesis mechanism in green routes to metal nanoparticles (NPs) remains limited. Here, we employed a metabolomics-based strategy to elucidate the molecular mechanism of microbial extract-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In parallel, the antibacterial efficacy and toxicological profiles of the synthesized AgNPs were systematically evaluated. Using a cell-free supernatant from <em>Bacillus rugosus</em> HH2 as a biological reducing agent, spherical HH2-AgNPs with an average diameter of 42.24 ± 7.30 nm were synthesized, exhibiting structural characteristics consistent with conventional AgNPs. HH2-AgNPs displayed potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16–32 μg/mL against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Growth curve and time-kill assays revealed distinct bacteriostatic effects at sub-MIC levels and complete bactericidal activity within 3 h at MIC, confirming rapid bacterial eradication. FE-SEM imaging further demonstrated that HH2-AgNPs caused severe membrane disruption accompanied by leakage of intracellular contents, providing morphological evidence for their antibacterial mechanism. Toxicological analyses indicated excellent hemocompatibility (hemolysis <5 % up to 64 μg/mL) and >70 % cell viability in mammalian cells at antibacterial concentrations, confirming their biocompatibility. Metabolomic profiling of the HH2 supernatant before and after precursor treatment identified surfactin B and surfactin C as key metabolites involved in Ag<sup>+</sup> reduction. Overall, this study elucidates the microbial synthesis mechanism facilitating AgNP formation and demonstrates the potent, rapid, and biocompatible antibacterial performance of HH2-AgNPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biopolymer-based triboelectric nanogenerators (B-TENGs) are promising power sources for sustainable and flexible electronics, but their performance is often limited by severe charge recombination at the triboelectric interface. To overcome this critical bottleneck, we report an architected multilayer B-TENG featuring a silk fibroin (SF)/MgAl LDH composite as the charge-generating layer and, to our knowledge, for the first time, a lignin-functionalized SF film as a dedicated charge-trapping layer. The strategic incorporation of lignin, an abundant and sustainable biopolymer, introduces deep-level electronic trapping states originating from its abundant aromatic moieties. That effectively suppresses interfacial charge recombination and prolongs charge lifetime. By optimizing the contents of MgAl LDH and lignin, the device achieves a measured open circuit output voltage (VOC) and current density (JSC) of 96 V and 6.56 μA/cm3, with a maximum output power (Pmax) of 205 μW, corresponding to a power density of 22.7 μW/cm2. We also propose a mechanistic linking of deep-level traps to prolonged charge lifetime and increased net transferable charge. The interface-engineering strategy demonstrated here paves the way for developing high-performance and sustainable biopolymer-based TENGs and motion sensors.
{"title":"An architected silk fibroin-lignin multilayer with deep-level trapping states for high-output triboelectric nanogenerators","authors":"Natdanai Suktep , Chanachot Sae-tang , Sirinya Ukasi , Phakkhananan Pakawanit , Supitcha Supansomboon , Jakrapong Kaewkhao , Wanwilai Vittayakorn , Tosapol Maluangnont , Te-Wei Chiu , Thitirat Charoonsuk , Naratip Vittayakorn","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biopolymer-based triboelectric nanogenerators (B-TENGs) are promising power sources for sustainable and flexible electronics, but their performance is often limited by severe charge recombination at the triboelectric interface. To overcome this critical bottleneck, we report an architected multilayer B-TENG featuring a silk fibroin (SF)/MgAl LDH composite as the charge-generating layer and, to our knowledge, for the first time, a lignin-functionalized SF film as a dedicated charge-trapping layer. The strategic incorporation of lignin, an abundant and sustainable biopolymer, introduces deep-level electronic trapping states originating from its abundant aromatic moieties. That effectively suppresses interfacial charge recombination and prolongs charge lifetime. By optimizing the contents of MgAl LDH and lignin, the device achieves a measured open circuit output voltage (<em>V</em><sub><em>OC</em></sub>) and current density (<em>J</em><sub><em>SC</em></sub>) of 96 V and 6.56 μA/cm<sup>3</sup>, with a maximum output power (<em>P</em><sub><em>max</em></sub>) of 205 μW, corresponding to a power density of 22.7 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>. We also propose a mechanistic linking of deep-level traps to prolonged charge lifetime and increased net transferable charge. The interface-engineering strategy demonstrated here paves the way for developing high-performance and sustainable biopolymer-based TENGs and motion sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100723
J.L. Calderón , J. Outón , E. Blanco , M. Domínguez , M. Ramírez-del-Solar
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has emerged as one of the most attractive candidates for thermochromic coatings in smart windows, due to its ability to reversibly regulate solar infrared transmission through a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT). W-doped VO2 (M1) thin films were synthesized by a polymer-assisted sol-gel route and deposited onto borosilicate glass by dip-coating. Optimization of the thermal treatment and doping with 1 wt% of W6+ yielded a pronounced reduction of the phase transition temperature from 68 °C to 37.5 °C, together with a well-defined thermochromic response in the UV–Vis–NIR range. Moreover, a comprehensive optical characterization was performed by spectrophotometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry, combined with the study of nanomechanical, textural and electrical properties of the thin films through diverse Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) modes. The combination of these techniques has revealed distinct evolutions of the optical and electronic properties across the MIT, thereby providing further insight on its nature. Furthermore, novel line-based ultrashort-pulse laser texturing patterns were developed to selectively remove portions of the film while allowing more control over the laser ablated area. Results indicate that these laser treatments can increase luminous transmittance in thin films by 30 % while preserving their solar and IR modulation, thus enhancing the applicability of W-VO2 thin films in smart window technologies. The incorporation of a textured sample into a proof of concept thermochromic system produced a 50 % reduction in system heating after IR radiation, compared with an equivalent plain-glass system, thus demonstrating the practical thermal-management benefits of these W-doped VO2 textured samples.
{"title":"A multi-modal study on the metal-to-insulator transition and optoelectronic properties of laser-textured W-VO2 thin films","authors":"J.L. Calderón , J. Outón , E. Blanco , M. Domínguez , M. Ramírez-del-Solar","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) has emerged as one of the most attractive candidates for thermochromic coatings in smart windows, due to its ability to reversibly regulate solar infrared transmission through a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT). W-doped VO<sub>2</sub> (M<sub>1</sub>) thin films were synthesized by a polymer-assisted sol-gel route and deposited onto borosilicate glass by dip-coating. Optimization of the thermal treatment and doping with 1 wt% of W<sup>6+</sup> yielded a pronounced reduction of the phase transition temperature from 68 °C to 37.5 °C, together with a well-defined thermochromic response in the UV–Vis–NIR range. Moreover, a comprehensive optical characterization was performed by spectrophotometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry, combined with the study of nanomechanical, textural and electrical properties of the thin films through diverse Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) modes. The combination of these techniques has revealed distinct evolutions of the optical and electronic properties across the MIT, thereby providing further insight on its nature. Furthermore, novel line-based ultrashort-pulse laser texturing patterns were developed to selectively remove portions of the film while allowing more control over the laser ablated area. Results indicate that these laser treatments can increase luminous transmittance in thin films by 30 % while preserving their solar and IR modulation, thus enhancing the applicability of W-VO<sub>2</sub> thin films in smart window technologies. The incorporation of a textured sample into a proof of concept thermochromic system produced a 50 % reduction in system heating after IR radiation, compared with an equivalent plain-glass system, thus demonstrating the practical thermal-management benefits of these W-doped VO<sub>2</sub> textured samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100722
Pedro Miguel Silva, Lorenzo Pastrana, Miguel Ângelo Cerqueira
Innovative packaging solutions are strategic in addressing current challenges in the food system, including reducing food waste, preventing foodborne diseases, and food fraud. One key area is the development of innovative intelligent packaging solutions, where the use of carbon dots (CDs) could be of particular interest due to their size, unique fluorescence, and biocompatibility properties. However, their use in packaging has been mostly explored in active packaging solutions.
Herein, recent developments regarding the use of CDs for intelligent packaging solutions are explored, focusing on application areas such as the development of sensing and monitoring solutions, as well as anticounterfeiting applications.
In sensing and monitoring applications, CDs have been mostly explored as indicators for food freshness, with CD-loaded films produced via solvent casting. In anticounterfeiting efforts, they have been mostly used to develop cloneable tags through the development of invisible inks under visible light, which turn fluorescent under specific excitation (most commonly in the ultraviolet range).
Additionally, the literature regarding the migration potential, safety, and the regulatory status of the use of CDs as food contact materials is also discussed.
Future efforts should focus on developing cheap, scalable, and sustainable CDs, lighting the path for their increased use and adoption in innovative intelligent packaging solutions.
{"title":"Carbon dots for intelligent food packaging: Innovations and applications","authors":"Pedro Miguel Silva, Lorenzo Pastrana, Miguel Ângelo Cerqueira","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Innovative packaging solutions are strategic in addressing current challenges in the food system, including reducing food waste, preventing foodborne diseases, and food fraud. One key area is the development of innovative intelligent packaging solutions, where the use of carbon dots (CDs) could be of particular interest due to their size, unique fluorescence, and biocompatibility properties. However, their use in packaging has been mostly explored in active packaging solutions.</div><div>Herein, recent developments regarding the use of CDs for intelligent packaging solutions are explored, focusing on application areas such as the development of sensing and monitoring solutions, as well as anticounterfeiting applications.</div><div>In sensing and monitoring applications, CDs have been mostly explored as indicators for food freshness, with CD-loaded films produced via solvent casting. In anticounterfeiting efforts, they have been mostly used to develop cloneable tags through the development of invisible inks under visible light, which turn fluorescent under specific excitation (most commonly in the ultraviolet range).</div><div>Additionally, the literature regarding the migration potential, safety, and the regulatory status of the use of CDs as food contact materials is also discussed.</div><div>Future efforts should focus on developing cheap, scalable, and sustainable CDs, lighting the path for their increased use and adoption in innovative intelligent packaging solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100722"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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