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Side-side-angle triangle congruence axiom and the complete quadrilaterals 边边角三角形同余公理与完全四边形
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023065
P. Csiba, L. Németh
Among the triangle congruence axioms, the side-side-angle (SsA) axiom states that two triangles are congruent if and only if two pairs of corresponding sides and the angles opposite the longer sides are equal. We construct two triangle sequences in which the items satisfy a modified condition. We require that the opposite angles of the shorter sides be equal. The locus of the intersection points of other sides of triangles is derived to be a hyperbola, and in a generalized form defined by a complete quadrilateral, it is a conic section.
在三角形同余公理中,边边角(SsA)公理说明两个三角形当且仅当两对对应边和长边对角相等时是全等的。构造了两个三角序列,其中的项满足一个修正条件。我们要求短边的对角相等。导出了三角形各边交点的轨迹为双曲线,在由完全四边形定义的广义形式下为二次曲线。
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引用次数: 0
Some identities of degenerate higher-order Daehee polynomials based on $ lambda $-umbral calculus 基于$ λ $-本影微积分的退化高阶Daehee多项式的一些恒等式
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023155
Dojin Kim, Sangbeom Park, J. Kwon
The degenerate versions of special polynomials and numbers, initiated by Carlitz, have regained the attention of some mathematicians by replacing the usual exponential function in the generating function of special polynomials with the degenerate exponential function. To study the relations between degenerate special polynomials, $ lambda $-umbral calculus, an analogue of umbral calculus, is intensively applied to obtain related formulas for expressing one $ lambda $-Sheffer polynomial in terms of other $ lambda $-Sheffer polynomials. In this paper, we study the connection between degenerate higher-order Daehee polynomials and other degenerate type of special polynomials. We present explicit formulas for representations of the polynomials using $ lambda $-umbral calculus and confirm the presented formulas between the degenerate higher-order Daehee polynomials and the degenerate Bernoulli polynomials, for example. Additionally, we investigate the pattern of the root distribution of these polynomials.
由Carlitz提出的特殊多项式和数的简并形式,用简并指数函数代替了特殊多项式的生成函数中的一般指数函数,重新引起了一些数学家的注意。为了研究退化的特殊多项式之间的关系,广泛地应用了类似于本影演算的$ λ $-本影演算,得到了将一个$ λ $-Sheffer多项式表示为其他$ λ $-Sheffer多项式的相关公式。本文研究了退化高阶Daehee多项式与其他退化类型的特殊多项式之间的联系。我们用$ lambda $-本影演算给出了多项式的显式表达式,并证实了退化的高阶Daehee多项式和退化的Bernoulli多项式之间的表达式。此外,我们研究了这些多项式的根分布模式。
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引用次数: 0
Tunicate swarm algorithm with deep convolutional neural network-driven colorectal cancer classification from histopathological imaging data 基于深卷积神经网络的结直肠癌组织病理影像分类的被囊虫群算法
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023141
A. A. AL-Ghamdi, Mahmoud Ragab
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most popular cancers among both men and women, with increasing incidence. The enhanced analytical load data from the pathology laboratory, integrated with described intra- and inter-variabilities through the calculation of biomarkers, has prompted the quest for robust machine-based approaches in combination with routine practice. In histopathology, deep learning (DL) techniques have been applied at large due to their potential for supporting the analysis and forecasting of medically appropriate molecular phenotypes and microsatellite instability. Considering this background, the current research work presents a metaheuristics technique with deep convolutional neural network-based colorectal cancer classification based on histopathological imaging data (MDCNN-C3HI). The presented MDCNN-C3HI technique majorly examines the histopathological images for the classification of colorectal cancer (CRC). At the initial stage, the MDCNN-C3HI technique applies a bilateral filtering approach to get rid of the noise. Then, the proposed MDCNN-C3HI technique uses an enhanced capsule network with the Adam optimizer for the extraction of feature vectors. For CRC classification, the MDCNN-C3HI technique uses a DL modified neural network classifier, whereas the tunicate swarm algorithm is used to fine-tune its hyperparameters. To demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed MDCNN-C3HI technique on CRC classification, a wide range of experiments was conducted. The outcomes from the extensive experimentation procedure confirmed the superior performance of the proposed MDCNN-C3HI technique over other existing techniques, achieving a maximum accuracy of 99.45%, a sensitivity of 99.45% and a specificity of 99.45%.
结直肠癌(CRC)是男性和女性中最常见的癌症之一,发病率不断上升。来自病理实验室的增强分析负荷数据,通过计算生物标志物,与描述的内部和内部变异相结合,促使人们寻求结合常规实践的强大的基于机器的方法。在组织病理学中,深度学习(DL)技术已被广泛应用,因为它们具有支持分析和预测医学上适当的分子表型和微卫星不稳定性的潜力。考虑到这一背景,目前的研究工作提出了一种基于组织病理成像数据的基于深度卷积神经网络的结直肠癌分类元启发式技术(MDCNN-C3HI)。本文提出的MDCNN-C3HI技术主要通过组织病理学图像对结直肠癌(CRC)进行分类。在初始阶段,MDCNN-C3HI技术采用双边滤波方法来去除噪声。然后,提出的MDCNN-C3HI技术使用带有Adam优化器的增强胶囊网络来提取特征向量。对于CRC分类,MDCNN-C3HI技术使用DL改进的神经网络分类器,而束状虫群算法则用于微调其超参数。为了证明所提出的MDCNN-C3HI技术在CRC分类方面的增强性能,进行了广泛的实验。广泛的实验过程的结果证实了MDCNN-C3HI技术优于其他现有技术的性能,达到了99.45%的最高准确度,99.45%的灵敏度和99.45%的特异性。
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引用次数: 4
Topological optimization algorithm for mechanical-electrical coupling of periodic composite materials 周期性复合材料机电耦合的拓扑优化算法
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023136
Ziqiang Wang, Chunyu Cen, Junying Cao
In this paper, a topology optimization algorithm for the mechanical-electrical coupling problem of periodic composite materials is studied. Firstly, the homogenization problem of the mechanical-electrical coupling topology optimization problem of periodic composite materials is established by the multi-scale asymptotic expansion method. Secondly, the topology optimization algorithm for the mechanical-electrical coupling problem of periodic composite materials is constructed by finite element method, solid isotropic material with penalisation method and homogenization method. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is effective to calculate the optimal structure of the periodic composite cantilever beam under the influence of the mechanical-electrical coupling.
本文研究了周期性复合材料机电耦合问题的拓扑优化算法。首先,利用多尺度渐近展开法建立了周期性复合材料机电耦合拓扑优化问题的均匀化问题;其次,采用有限元法、固体各向同性材料惩罚法和均匀化法构建了周期性复合材料机电耦合问题的拓扑优化算法;最后,数值计算结果表明,该算法可以有效地计算出在机电耦合作用下周期性复合悬臂梁的最优结构。
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引用次数: 0
Spotted hyena optimizer with deep learning enabled vehicle counting and classification model for intelligent transportation systems 斑点鬣狗优化器与深度学习支持车辆计数和分类模型的智能交通系统
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023188
Manal Abdullah Alohali, M. Maashi, Raji Faqih, Hany Mahgoub, Abdullah Mohamed, Mohammed Assiri, Suhanda Drar
Traffic surveillance systems are utilized to collect and monitor the traffic condition data of the road networks. This data plays a crucial role in a variety of applications of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). In traffic surveillance, it is challenging to achieve accurate vehicle detection and count the vehicles from traffic videos. The most notable difficulties include real-time system operations for precise classification, identification of the vehicles' location in traffic flows and functioning around total occlusions that hamper the vehicle tracking process. Conventional video-related vehicle detection techniques such as optical flow, background subtraction and frame difference have certain limitations in terms of efficiency or accuracy. Therefore, the current study proposes to design the spotted hyena optimizer with deep learning-enabled vehicle counting and classification (SHODL-VCC) model for the ITSs. The aim of the proposed SHODL-VCC technique lies in accurate counting and classification of the vehicles in traffic surveillance. To achieve this, the proposed SHODL-VCC technique follows a two-stage process that includes vehicle detection and vehicle classification. Primarily, the presented SHODL-VCC technique employs the RetinaNet object detector to identify the vehicles. Next, the detected vehicles are classified into different class labels using the deep wavelet auto-encoder model. To enhance the vehicle detection performance, the spotted hyena optimizer algorithm is exploited as a hyperparameter optimizer, which considerably enhances the vehicle detection rate. The proposed SHODL-VCC technique was experimentally validated using different databases. The comparative outcomes demonstrate the promising vehicle classification performance of the SHODL-VCC technique in comparison with recent deep learning approaches.
交通监控系统用于收集和监控道路网络的交通状况数据。这些数据在智能交通系统(its)的各种应用中起着至关重要的作用。在交通监控中,如何实现准确的车辆检测和从交通视频中统计车辆是一个挑战。最显著的困难包括实时系统操作的精确分类,识别车辆在交通流中的位置,以及在阻碍车辆跟踪过程的完全闭塞的情况下运行。传统的视频相关车辆检测技术,如光流、背景差和帧差等,在效率和精度上都有一定的局限性。因此,本研究提出了基于深度学习的车辆计数与分类(SHODL-VCC)模型的斑点鬣狗优化器。提出的SHODL-VCC技术的目的在于对交通监控中的车辆进行准确的计数和分类。为了实现这一目标,提出的SHODL-VCC技术遵循两个阶段的过程,包括车辆检测和车辆分类。首先,本文提出的SHODL-VCC技术采用了RetinaNet目标检测器来识别车辆。然后,利用深度小波自编码器模型对检测到的车辆进行分类。为了提高车辆检测性能,利用斑点鬣狗优化算法作为超参数优化器,大大提高了车辆检测率。采用不同的数据库对所提出的SHODL-VCC技术进行了实验验证。对比结果表明,与最近的深度学习方法相比,SHODL-VCC技术具有很好的车辆分类性能。
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引用次数: 0
A computational approach to analyze the Hadamard quasigroup product 分析Hadamard拟群积的一种计算方法
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023164
Raúl M. Falcón, V. Álvarez, J. Armario, M. Frau, F. Gudiel, M. Güemes
Based on the binary product described by any Latin square, the Hadamard quasigroup product is introduced in this paper as a natural generalization of the classical Hadamard product of matrices. The successive iteration of this new product is endowed with a cyclic behaviour that enables one to define a pair of new isomorphism invariants of Latin squares. Of particular interest is the set of Latin squares for which this iteration preserves the Latin square property, which requires the existence of successive localized Latin transversals within the Latin square under consideration. In order to enumerate and classify, up to isomorphism, these Latin squares, we propose a computational algebraic geometry approach based on the computation of reduced Gröbner bases. To illustrate this point, we obtain the classification of the sought Latin squares, for order up to six, by using the open computer algebra system for polynomial computations Singular.
本文从任意拉丁平方描述的二元积出发,作为经典矩阵的Hadamard积的自然推广,引入了Hadamard拟群积。该新积的连续迭代具有循环性质,可以定义一对新的拉丁平方同构不变量。特别有趣的是拉丁平方的集合,这个迭代保留了拉丁平方的性质,这要求在考虑的拉丁平方内存在连续的局部拉丁截线。为了列举和分类这些拉丁平方,直到同构,我们提出了一种基于Gröbner基的计算的计算代数几何方法。为了说明这一点,我们利用开放的计算机代数系统对多项式进行奇异计算,得到了所寻拉丁平方的分类,其阶数为6。
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引用次数: 0
Human-like car-following modeling based on online driving style recognition 基于在线驾驶风格识别的类人汽车跟随建模
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023165
Lijing Ma, Shiru Qu, Lijun Song, Junxi Zhang, J. Ren
Incorporating human driving style into car-following modeling is critical for achieving higher levels of driving automation. By capturing the characteristics of human driving, it can lead to a more natural and seamless transition from human-driven to automated driving. A clustering approach is introduced that utilized principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering algorithm to identify driving style types such as aggressive, moderate and conservative at the timestep level. Additionally, an online driving style recognition technique is developed based on the memory effect in driving behavior, allowing for real-time identification of a driver's driving style and enabling adaptive control in automated driving. Finally, the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) has been improved through the incorporation of an online driving style recognition strategy into car-following modeling, resulting in a human-like IDM that emulates real-world driving behaviors. This enhancement has important implications for the field of automated driving, as it allows for greater accuracy and adaptability in modeling human driving behavior and may ultimately lead to more effective and seamless transitions between human-driven and automated driving modes. The results show that the time-step level driving style recognition method provides a more precise understanding of driving styles that accounts for both inter-driver heterogeneity and intra-driver variation. The proposed human-like IDM performs well in capturing driving style characteristics and reproducing driving behavior. The stability of this improved human-like IDM is also confirmed, indicating its reliability and effectiveness. Overall, the research suggests that the proposed model has promising performance and potential applications in the field of automated driving.
将人类驾驶风格融入汽车跟随建模对于实现更高水平的驾驶自动化至关重要。通过捕捉人类驾驶的特征,它可以实现从人类驾驶到自动驾驶的更自然、更无缝的过渡。介绍了一种利用主成分分析(PCA)和k-means聚类算法在时间步长水平上识别侵略性、适度和保守驾驶风格类型的聚类方法。此外,基于驾驶行为的记忆效应,开发了一种在线驾驶风格识别技术,可以实时识别驾驶员的驾驶风格,实现自动驾驶的自适应控制。最后,通过将在线驾驶风格识别策略整合到汽车跟随建模中,改进了智能驾驶员模型(IDM),从而产生了模拟现实世界驾驶行为的类人IDM。这种增强对自动驾驶领域具有重要意义,因为它允许更高的准确性和适应性来建模人类驾驶行为,并可能最终导致人类驾驶和自动驾驶模式之间更有效和无缝的过渡。结果表明,时间步长级别驾驶风格识别方法可以更精确地理解驾驶员间异质性和驾驶员内部差异的驾驶风格。所提出的类人IDM在捕捉驾驶风格特征和再现驾驶行为方面表现良好。这种改进的类人IDM的稳定性也得到了证实,表明其可靠性和有效性。总体而言,研究表明该模型在自动驾驶领域具有良好的性能和潜在的应用前景。
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引用次数: 1
Stochastic travelling wave solution of the $ N $-species cooperative systems with multiplicative noise 具有乘性噪声的N种合作系统的随机行波解
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023225
Hao Wen, Yantao Luo, Jianhua Huang, Yuhong Li
The current paper is devoted to the stochastic $ N $-species cooperative system with a moderately strong noise. By the theory of monotone random systems and the technique of suitable marker of wavefront, the existence of the travelling wave solution is established. By applying the Feynman-Kac formula and sup-sub solution technique, the upper and lower bounded of the asymptotic wave speed are also obtained. Finally, we give an example for stochastic 3-species cooperative systems.
本文研究具有中等强噪声的随机N种合作系统。利用单调随机系统理论和合适的波前标记技术,证明了行波解的存在性。利用费曼-卡茨公式和上下解法,得到了渐近波速的上界和下界。最后,给出了一个随机三种合作系统的例子。
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引用次数: 1
New challenges in fleet deployment considering EU oil sanctions 考虑到欧盟的石油制裁,船队部署面临新的挑战
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023230
Yiwei Wu, Yao Lu, Shuaian Wang, Lu Zhen
Due to European Union (EU) oil sanctions, tanker shipping companies need to redeploy their tankers by moving tankers between ship routes with the consideration of flag states of tankers, but the literature lacks quantitative methods for this problem. To fill this research gap, this paper studies an integrated problem of fleet deployment, fleet repositioning, round trip completion, and speed optimization with the consideration of flag states of tankers. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming model to minimize the total cost, including the fleet repositioning cost, the mismatch cost, and the fuel cost, during the planning period while satisfying the total crude oil transportation demand of each voyage and the minimum shipping frequency. Some linearization methods are used to transform the nonlinear model to a linear one which can be directly solved by Gurobi. The average solving time required for 17 computational instances is 4.5 minutes, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed model. Sensitivity analyses, including the influences of the unit fuel price, the total crude oil transportation demand, the mismatch cost of completing a round trip by a deployed tanker, and the repositioning cost for each deployed tanker, on operations decisions, are conducted to obtain managerial insights.
由于欧盟(EU)的石油制裁,油轮运输公司需要在考虑油轮船旗国的情况下,通过在航线之间移动油轮来重新部署油轮,但文献中缺乏对此问题的定量方法。为了填补这一研究空白,本文研究了考虑油轮船旗国的船队部署、船队重新定位、往返完成和航速优化的综合问题。将该问题表述为一个非线性整数规划模型,在满足各航次原油运输总需求和最小运输频次的前提下,使规划期内的总成本(包括船队重新定位成本、错配成本和燃油成本)最小。采用线性化方法将非线性模型转化为可直接用Gurobi求解的线性模型。17个计算实例的平均求解时间为4.5分钟,验证了模型的有效性。通过敏感性分析,包括单位燃料价格、原油运输总需求、部署油轮完成一次往返的错配成本以及每艘部署油轮的重新定位成本对作业决策的影响,以获得管理见解。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical study for a class of time fractional diffusion equations using operational matrices based on Hosoya polynomial 基于细谷多项式的运算矩阵对一类时间分数扩散方程的数值研究
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023231
Ping Zhou, H. Jafari, R. Ganji, S. Narsale
In this paper, we develop a numerical method by using operational matrices based on Hosoya polynomials of simple paths to find the approximate solution of diffusion equations of fractional order with respect to time. This method is applied to certain diffusion equations like time fractional advection-diffusion equations and time fractional Kolmogorov equations. Here we use the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative. With the help of this approach we convert these equations to a set of algebraic equations, which is easier to be solved. Also, the error bound is provided. The obtained numerical solutions using the presented method are compared with the exact solutions. The numerical results show that the suggested method is convenient and accurate.
本文提出了一种利用基于简单路径细谷多项式的运算矩阵求分数阶扩散方程关于时间的近似解的数值方法。该方法适用于某些扩散方程,如时间分数阶平流扩散方程和时间分数阶Kolmogorov方程。这里我们使用Atangana-Baleanu分数阶导数。利用这种方法,我们将这些方程转化为一组代数方程,求解起来更加容易。此外,还提供了错误界限。用该方法得到的数值解与精确解进行了比较。数值结果表明,该方法方便、准确。
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引用次数: 1
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