Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to assess the validity and reproducibility of a tripoding reference method for digital study cast superimposition to measure maxillary tooth movement. Methods: This retrospective study used 30 treated orthodontic cases which required premolar extractions. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were conventionally superimposed, while digitised study casts were superimposed using point registration-based software (Materialise 3-matic Research 12.0) and a tripoding method. This method involved superimposing the digital study casts using the medial two-thirds of the third palatal rugae, and the bilateral depression of the greater palatine foramen as references. Incisor and molar orthodontic tooth movements in the vertical and horizontal planes were measured using the Pancherz analysis for cephalograms and Materialise 3-matic software for the digitised study casts. Validity and agreement were assessed by a paired t test and a Bland-Altman analysis while reproducibility was assessed by an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and a paired t test. Clinical significance was set at 2 mm. Results: The paired t tests found no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in tooth movements between the cephalometric and digitised cast measurements, and between the same measurement methods. However, the Bland-Altman analysis showed the 95% limits of agreement were greater than 2 mm but less than 4.3 mm for all measurements. The ICC showed all measurements had good to excellent reproducibility. Conclusion: The tripoding method is a valid and reliable method to superimpose the maxillary study casts for measuring incisor and molar orthodontic movements but it is not interchangeable with the Pancherz analysis.
摘要目的:评价数字铸型叠加测量上颌牙移动的三足参考法的有效性和可重复性。方法:回顾性研究30例需要拔除前磨牙的正畸患者。治疗前和治疗后的脑电图按常规进行叠加，而数字化研究模型则使用基于点配准的软件(Materialise 3-matic Research 12.0)和三脚架法进行叠加。该方法包括使用第三腭襞内侧三分之二的数字研究模型和双侧腭大孔凹陷作为参考。门牙和磨牙正畸牙齿在垂直和水平平面上的运动使用Pancherz分析的头颅图和Materialise 3-matic软件的数字化研究模型进行测量。通过配对t检验和Bland-Altman分析评估有效性和一致性，通过类内相关系数(ICC)和配对t检验评估再现性。临床意义设定为2mm。结果:配对t检验显示，头颅测量法与数字化铸型测量法之间以及相同测量方法之间的牙齿移动无统计学差异(p < 0.05)。然而，Bland-Altman分析显示95%的一致性限大于2mm但小于4.3 mm。ICC显示所有测量结果具有良好到极好的重复性。结论:三足法是一种有效可靠的上颌研究模型叠加测量切牙和磨牙正畸运动的方法，但与Pancherz分析法不可互换。
{"title":"Validity and reproducibility of a tripoding method in point registration-based 3D superimposition software compared to a conventional cephalometric method","authors":"N. N. Zakaria, W. N. Wan Hassan, Y. Kamarudin","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to assess the validity and reproducibility of a tripoding reference method for digital study cast superimposition to measure maxillary tooth movement. Methods: This retrospective study used 30 treated orthodontic cases which required premolar extractions. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were conventionally superimposed, while digitised study casts were superimposed using point registration-based software (Materialise 3-matic Research 12.0) and a tripoding method. This method involved superimposing the digital study casts using the medial two-thirds of the third palatal rugae, and the bilateral depression of the greater palatine foramen as references. Incisor and molar orthodontic tooth movements in the vertical and horizontal planes were measured using the Pancherz analysis for cephalograms and Materialise 3-matic software for the digitised study casts. Validity and agreement were assessed by a paired t test and a Bland-Altman analysis while reproducibility was assessed by an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and a paired t test. Clinical significance was set at 2 mm. Results: The paired t tests found no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in tooth movements between the cephalometric and digitised cast measurements, and between the same measurement methods. However, the Bland-Altman analysis showed the 95% limits of agreement were greater than 2 mm but less than 4.3 mm for all measurements. The ICC showed all measurements had good to excellent reproducibility. Conclusion: The tripoding method is a valid and reliable method to superimpose the maxillary study casts for measuring incisor and molar orthodontic movements but it is not interchangeable with the Pancherz analysis.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"281 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48048649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chee, Jonathan E. Mangum, Teesit Teeramongkolgul, Stephanie Tan, P. Schneider
Abstract Background and objectives: Many orthodontic bracket-bonding materials are available for clinical use. The current study aimed to assess the preferences and factors contributing to the clinical choice of bracket bonding material. Methods: Eight bracket bonding materials were trialled by 15 participants. The handling properties and overall ease of use of each material were scored by the participants on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The participants also responded to a questionnaire regarding the use and perceptions of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) for bracket bonding. A quantitative analysis was conducted on the responses to the questionnaire. Results: Of all materials trialled, there was a consistent preference for the handling of resin composite (RC) materials. Fuji® II LC was the highest rated RMGIC material and was considered similar to RC materials for ease of handling. Conclusions: Fuji® II LC may be a suitable alternative to RC materials for orthodontic bracket bonding. Further research is required to assess and produce bonding materials possessing anti-cariogenic properties along with comparable handling properties to bracket bonding materials that are currently preferred.
{"title":"Clinician preferences for orthodontic bracket bonding materials: a quantitative analysis","authors":"S. Chee, Jonathan E. Mangum, Teesit Teeramongkolgul, Stephanie Tan, P. Schneider","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background and objectives: Many orthodontic bracket-bonding materials are available for clinical use. The current study aimed to assess the preferences and factors contributing to the clinical choice of bracket bonding material. Methods: Eight bracket bonding materials were trialled by 15 participants. The handling properties and overall ease of use of each material were scored by the participants on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The participants also responded to a questionnaire regarding the use and perceptions of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) for bracket bonding. A quantitative analysis was conducted on the responses to the questionnaire. Results: Of all materials trialled, there was a consistent preference for the handling of resin composite (RC) materials. Fuji® II LC was the highest rated RMGIC material and was considered similar to RC materials for ease of handling. Conclusions: Fuji® II LC may be a suitable alternative to RC materials for orthodontic bracket bonding. Further research is required to assess and produce bonding materials possessing anti-cariogenic properties along with comparable handling properties to bracket bonding materials that are currently preferred.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"173 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the Fränkel manoeuvre to identify the contributing jaw to a class II malocclusion. Methods This cross-sectional study examined 37 subjects (age range 9–13 years) who presented with a class II malocclusion and an overjet greater than 6 mm. Two profile photographs were taken of each patient, one in centric relation, and the other after executing the Fränkel manoeuvre to generate a canine and molar class I relationship. The photographs were distributed to two groups of judges who included 20 general dentists and 20 orthodontists. The level of profile aesthetics before (T0) and after (T1) the manoeuvre was determined using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, and a score of “profile improvement” was determined as T1 minus T0. The diagnostic ability of the Fränkel manoeuvre was calculated against lateral cephalometry as the reference standard, using the receiver operative characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results Twenty-six subjects had mandibular retrusion and 11 showed mandibular retrusion combined with maxillary prominence. The improvement score after the manoeuvre was significantly greater in subjects who showed a one-jaw than those with a two-jaw involvement (P < 0.05). In cases that showed an improvement score ≥ 9 as judged by general dentists, or ≥ 17 as judged by orthodontists, the class II discrepancy mainly resulted from mandibular retrusion. The correspondingly lower improvement scores indicated that maxillary prognathism was involved in the class II discrepancy. Conclusion The Fränkel manoeuvre was an effective clinical method for diagnosing the contributing jaw in class II malocclusion patients.
{"title":"The diagnostic ability of the Fränkel manoeuvre in detecting mandibular versus maxillary involvement in subjects with a class II discrepancy","authors":"F. Ahrari, A. Forouzesh, Hooman Shafaee","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the Fränkel manoeuvre to identify the contributing jaw to a class II malocclusion. Methods This cross-sectional study examined 37 subjects (age range 9–13 years) who presented with a class II malocclusion and an overjet greater than 6 mm. Two profile photographs were taken of each patient, one in centric relation, and the other after executing the Fränkel manoeuvre to generate a canine and molar class I relationship. The photographs were distributed to two groups of judges who included 20 general dentists and 20 orthodontists. The level of profile aesthetics before (T0) and after (T1) the manoeuvre was determined using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, and a score of “profile improvement” was determined as T1 minus T0. The diagnostic ability of the Fränkel manoeuvre was calculated against lateral cephalometry as the reference standard, using the receiver operative characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results Twenty-six subjects had mandibular retrusion and 11 showed mandibular retrusion combined with maxillary prominence. The improvement score after the manoeuvre was significantly greater in subjects who showed a one-jaw than those with a two-jaw involvement (P < 0.05). In cases that showed an improvement score ≥ 9 as judged by general dentists, or ≥ 17 as judged by orthodontists, the class II discrepancy mainly resulted from mandibular retrusion. The correspondingly lower improvement scores indicated that maxillary prognathism was involved in the class II discrepancy. Conclusion The Fränkel manoeuvre was an effective clinical method for diagnosing the contributing jaw in class II malocclusion patients.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"111 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41725987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Qian, H. Qiao, Xu Wang, Qi Zhan, Yuan Li, Wei Zheng, Y. Li
Abstract Objectives To compare the measurement of cephalometric parameters using 3D images obtained from CBCT to 2D images obtained from a conventional cephalogram. Methods An electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CENTRAL, and the grey literature database of SIGLE (up to May 2021). The selection of the eligible studies, data extraction, and an evaluation for possible risk of bias (Quality Assessment of Measurement Accuracy Studies tool) were performed independently by two authors. Inconsistencies were judged by a third author. Statistical pooling, subgroup analysis, a sensitivity analysis and an evaluation of publication bias were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2.2.064, Biostat, Englewood, NJ). Results A total of eight articles were eligible for final meta-analysis. The differences in two of the skeletal measurement parameters [Ar(Co)-Gn, Me-Go] and one of the dental measurement parameters (U1-L1) were found to be statistically significant when using CBCT and conventional cephalograms (P = 0.000, P = 0.004, P = 0.000, respectively). Conclusions CBCT can be used as a supplementary option to support conventional cephalometric measurements. In clinical situations in which three-dimensional information is required, patients can benefit from CBCT analysis to improve diagnosis and treatment planning.
目的比较CBCT三维图像与常规脑电图二维图像的测量参数。方法采用PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CNKI、CENTRAL和SIGLE灰色文献数据库(截至2021年5月)进行电子文献检索。合格研究的选择、数据提取和可能的偏倚风险评估(测量准确性研究质量评估工具)由两位作者独立完成。不一致由第三位作者判断。采用综合meta分析(version 2.2.064, Biostat, Englewood, NJ)进行统计池、亚组分析、敏感性分析和发表偏倚评价。结果共有8篇文章符合最终meta分析的条件。使用CBCT与常规脑电图时，两项骨骼测量参数[Ar(Co)-Gn, Me-Go]和一项牙齿测量参数(U1-L1)的差异均有统计学意义(P = 0.000, P = 0.004, P = 0.000)。结论CBCT可作为常规头颅测量的补充选择。在需要三维信息的临床情况下，患者可以从CBCT分析中受益，以提高诊断和治疗计划。
{"title":"Comparison of the accuracy of 2D and 3D cephalometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yu Qian, H. Qiao, Xu Wang, Qi Zhan, Yuan Li, Wei Zheng, Y. Li","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives To compare the measurement of cephalometric parameters using 3D images obtained from CBCT to 2D images obtained from a conventional cephalogram. Methods An electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CENTRAL, and the grey literature database of SIGLE (up to May 2021). The selection of the eligible studies, data extraction, and an evaluation for possible risk of bias (Quality Assessment of Measurement Accuracy Studies tool) were performed independently by two authors. Inconsistencies were judged by a third author. Statistical pooling, subgroup analysis, a sensitivity analysis and an evaluation of publication bias were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2.2.064, Biostat, Englewood, NJ). Results A total of eight articles were eligible for final meta-analysis. The differences in two of the skeletal measurement parameters [Ar(Co)-Gn, Me-Go] and one of the dental measurement parameters (U1-L1) were found to be statistically significant when using CBCT and conventional cephalograms (P = 0.000, P = 0.004, P = 0.000, respectively). Conclusions CBCT can be used as a supplementary option to support conventional cephalometric measurements. In clinical situations in which three-dimensional information is required, patients can benefit from CBCT analysis to improve diagnosis and treatment planning.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"130 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45368776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lamis K. Koshak, D. Millett, Niamh Kelly, G. McIntyre, M. Cronin
Abstract Objective To identify and determine the relationship between facial, maxillary arch and incisor dimensions of patients presenting with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine. Methods Prospective referrals over one calendar year of patients identified with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine were compared with prospectively recruited control subjects. Canine location was determined radiographically and re-confirmed two weeks later. Facial, maxillary arch and incisor dimensions were assessed. Intra-examiner reproducibility was re-assessed using randomly selected images (20%, n = 40). General linear models were applied for inter-group comparisons incorporating Bonferroni adjustment with categorical parameters assessed using Fisher’s exact test (SAS®, Version 9.4, SAS.com). Inter-class correlation coefficients were calculated for relationships between the variables. Results Fifty-four patients (37 females; 17 males) presenting with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine [mean age 14.5 (SD 1.7) years] and 54 control subjects (37 females, 17 males) [mean age 14.3 (SD 2.2) years] were recruited. Measurement error was small for landmark data (0.58 mm), palatal depth (0.09 mm), palatal area (0.42 mm²) and Bolton ratio (0.14%). For facial, maxillary arch and tooth shape assessments, landmark error was 0.05 mm with complete agreement for classification. The mean nasal basal width was smaller in the unilaterally impacted palatal canine group compared with the control group (P < 0.0001) but face shape distribution and face ratio were similar (both P > 0.05). The mean anterior Bolton ratio was larger in the impacted canine group (P < 0.01). No differences were recorded between groups for other parameters (all P > 0.05). No positive correlations were identified between the variables. Conclusions Patients with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine had a narrower mean nasal basal width and a larger mean anterior Bolton ratio compared to a control group but the clinical significance of the differences was considered minor. Facial, maxillary arch and incisor dimensions were neither individually nor collectively correlated with a palatal canine which may lend support to a genetic aetiology.
{"title":"Are facial, maxillary arch and incisor dimensions related in patients with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine? A prospective investigation","authors":"Lamis K. Koshak, D. Millett, Niamh Kelly, G. McIntyre, M. Cronin","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective To identify and determine the relationship between facial, maxillary arch and incisor dimensions of patients presenting with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine. Methods Prospective referrals over one calendar year of patients identified with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine were compared with prospectively recruited control subjects. Canine location was determined radiographically and re-confirmed two weeks later. Facial, maxillary arch and incisor dimensions were assessed. Intra-examiner reproducibility was re-assessed using randomly selected images (20%, n = 40). General linear models were applied for inter-group comparisons incorporating Bonferroni adjustment with categorical parameters assessed using Fisher’s exact test (SAS®, Version 9.4, SAS.com). Inter-class correlation coefficients were calculated for relationships between the variables. Results Fifty-four patients (37 females; 17 males) presenting with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine [mean age 14.5 (SD 1.7) years] and 54 control subjects (37 females, 17 males) [mean age 14.3 (SD 2.2) years] were recruited. Measurement error was small for landmark data (0.58 mm), palatal depth (0.09 mm), palatal area (0.42 mm²) and Bolton ratio (0.14%). For facial, maxillary arch and tooth shape assessments, landmark error was 0.05 mm with complete agreement for classification. The mean nasal basal width was smaller in the unilaterally impacted palatal canine group compared with the control group (P < 0.0001) but face shape distribution and face ratio were similar (both P > 0.05). The mean anterior Bolton ratio was larger in the impacted canine group (P < 0.01). No differences were recorded between groups for other parameters (all P > 0.05). No positive correlations were identified between the variables. Conclusions Patients with a unilaterally impacted palatal canine had a narrower mean nasal basal width and a larger mean anterior Bolton ratio compared to a control group but the clinical significance of the differences was considered minor. Facial, maxillary arch and incisor dimensions were neither individually nor collectively correlated with a palatal canine which may lend support to a genetic aetiology.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"120 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47493178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background The present study investigated the association between the human growth hormone receptor (GHR) and collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1) gene polymorphism of malocclusions in patients presenting with a maxillary retrognathic-related Class III skeletal pattern and a mandibular prognathic-related Class III skeletal pattern. Subjects The study was comprised of 255 subjects which included 85 patients who had a skeletal Class I (control group) and 170 patients who presented with a skeletal Class III pattern (study group). Of the 170 patients with a skeletal Class III identified by cephalometric analysis, 85 had maxillary retrognathism and 85 had mandibular prognathism. Methods Extracted blood samples were assayed to identify genomic DNA which was subsequently followed by PCR and pyro-sequencing steps to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GHR and COL2A1 genes of the skeletal Class III patients. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t tests were performed to measure the quantitative variables in the intergroup comparisons. Pyro-sequencing described the allele frequencies and genotypes of the COL2A1 gene SNP rs1793953, and the GHR gene SNPs rs6182 and rs6184 of each individual. Results A relationship between the polymorphism of the GHR gene SNPs rs6182 and rs6184 and ramus height was determined in the mandibular prognathic group. No correlation was found between craniofacial properties and COL2A1 polymorphism. Conclusions The present study supports GHR as a candidate gene associated with a Class III skeletal pattern in the Turkish population. The COL2A1 gene SNP rs1793953 was found to have no association with the sub-types of a Class III malocclusion.
{"title":"Investigation of a genetic association of a class III skeletal pattern","authors":"Begüm Tunasoylu, Y. Ünüvar, I. Erdogdu","doi":"10.21307/aoj-2022-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/aoj-2022-001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The present study investigated the association between the human growth hormone receptor (GHR) and collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1) gene polymorphism of malocclusions in patients presenting with a maxillary retrognathic-related Class III skeletal pattern and a mandibular prognathic-related Class III skeletal pattern. Subjects The study was comprised of 255 subjects which included 85 patients who had a skeletal Class I (control group) and 170 patients who presented with a skeletal Class III pattern (study group). Of the 170 patients with a skeletal Class III identified by cephalometric analysis, 85 had maxillary retrognathism and 85 had mandibular prognathism. Methods Extracted blood samples were assayed to identify genomic DNA which was subsequently followed by PCR and pyro-sequencing steps to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GHR and COL2A1 genes of the skeletal Class III patients. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t tests were performed to measure the quantitative variables in the intergroup comparisons. Pyro-sequencing described the allele frequencies and genotypes of the COL2A1 gene SNP rs1793953, and the GHR gene SNPs rs6182 and rs6184 of each individual. Results A relationship between the polymorphism of the GHR gene SNPs rs6182 and rs6184 and ramus height was determined in the mandibular prognathic group. No correlation was found between craniofacial properties and COL2A1 polymorphism. Conclusions The present study supports GHR as a candidate gene associated with a Class III skeletal pattern in the Turkish population. The COL2A1 gene SNP rs1793953 was found to have no association with the sub-types of a Class III malocclusion.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"162 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47298623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Alkandari, S. Abela, Alessandra Booth, D. Bister
Abstract Introduction The present ex-vivo study was designed to evaluate the surface roughness and analyse potential adhesive remnants on the enamel surface after composite removal using either an Er:YSGG WaterLase (WL) (Biolase®, Irvine, CA, USA) or a tungsten carbide (TC) bur (Alston, England, UK). Methods An in vitro study was designed using 21 extracted lower premolars. Pre-coated stainless steel brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded on all of the teeth except one, which served as a control. The teeth were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (n = 5), removal of composite with a TC bur. Group 2 (n = 15), removal of composite using the WL. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the surface roughness and atomic composition of the surfaces. Results Group 1 had a median damage depth of 17.6 µm with a range between 11.5 µ m and 28.7 µ m. Group 2 had a median damage depth of 166.3 µ m, with a range between 86.6 to 263.1 µ m. The depth differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney test). The atomic composition of the WL group was similar to sound enamel. The TC group showed a quantitative increase in carbon and silicone by 38.2% and 11.5%, respectively, a decrease in oxygen by 44.1% and an absence of phosphorous and calcium. Conclusion WL is efficient at removing composite from the enamel surface but could result in increased enamel surface roughness in comparison with conventional TC burs.
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of surface characteristics comparing WaterLase (Biolase®) with tungsten carbide burs for composite removal: a pilot study","authors":"Mohammed Alkandari, S. Abela, Alessandra Booth, D. Bister","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The present ex-vivo study was designed to evaluate the surface roughness and analyse potential adhesive remnants on the enamel surface after composite removal using either an Er:YSGG WaterLase (WL) (Biolase®, Irvine, CA, USA) or a tungsten carbide (TC) bur (Alston, England, UK). Methods An in vitro study was designed using 21 extracted lower premolars. Pre-coated stainless steel brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded on all of the teeth except one, which served as a control. The teeth were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (n = 5), removal of composite with a TC bur. Group 2 (n = 15), removal of composite using the WL. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the surface roughness and atomic composition of the surfaces. Results Group 1 had a median damage depth of 17.6 µm with a range between 11.5 µ m and 28.7 µ m. Group 2 had a median damage depth of 166.3 µ m, with a range between 86.6 to 263.1 µ m. The depth differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney test). The atomic composition of the WL group was similar to sound enamel. The TC group showed a quantitative increase in carbon and silicone by 38.2% and 11.5%, respectively, a decrease in oxygen by 44.1% and an absence of phosphorous and calcium. Conclusion WL is efficient at removing composite from the enamel surface but could result in increased enamel surface roughness in comparison with conventional TC burs.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"194 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47650679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective In recent years, clear aligners (CA) have become a popular treatment option whose efficacy depends upon the close adaptive fit of the appliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate micron-level surface imperfections found in virtual aligners (VA) caused by the conditions at the time of acquisition of the digital models required for appliance fabrication. Methods Fifty patients were recruited for the study. Four digital models were acquired from each patient under four different conditions using a 3Shape TRIOS intra-oral scanner (Copenhagen, Denmark). The conditions for digital model acquisition were, Group 1: No saliva isolation and scanning in daylight (S + DL), Group 2: Saliva isolation and scanning in daylight (NS + DL), Group 3: No saliva isolation but scanning under reflected light (S + RL), Group 4: No saliva isolation but scanning in relatively dark conditions (S + RDC). For each of the 200 digital models, 1 mm thick VAs were created using the Appliance Designer (Copenhagen, Denmark) software. Using the Geomagic Control X (Geomagic; Morrisville, USA) program, the four VAs of each patient were overlaid and common boundaries were obtained by three planes of section. In all comparisons, the VAs in Group 2 were used as a reference and the three other groups were evaluated. Surface deviations between VAs were assessed using the quantitative data of maximum, minimum, negative mean, positive mean, root mean square (RMS), out of the total area (OTA). Results Total surface deviation (OTA) was found to be the highest in Group 4 (9.57%). OTA values in Group 1 (7.19%) and Group 3 (7.02%) were similar. Of the other parameters, the greatest data was obtained from Group 4. The distribution of RMS values between groups was: 56 microns in group 1 (S + DL), 53 microns in group 3 (S + RL), 61 microns in group 4 (S + RDC). However, the data comparison indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion The conditions for obtaining digital models caused imperfections on the surface of the VAs. The total deviation (OTA) of 7–9% was considered excessive and so it was concluded that the conditions for obtaining digital models could affect the adaptation and success of CAs.
摘要目的近年来，透明矫正器（CA）已成为一种流行的治疗选择，其疗效取决于矫正器的紧密适应性。本研究的目的是评估在虚拟对准器（VA）中发现的微米级表面缺陷，这些缺陷是由获取器具制造所需的数字模型时的条件引起的。方法选择50例患者进行研究。使用3Shape TRIOS口腔内扫描仪（丹麦哥本哈根）在四种不同条件下从每位患者身上获取四个数字模型。数字模型采集的条件为：第1组：不进行唾液分离并在日光下扫描（S+DL），第2组：唾液隔离并在日光中扫描（NS+DL）；第3组：不分离唾液但在反射光下扫描（S+RL）；第4组：不隔离唾液但在相对暗的条件下扫描（S/RDC）。对于200个数字模型中的每一个，使用Appliance Designer（丹麦哥本哈根）软件创建1mm厚的VA。使用Geomagic Control X（Geomagic；Morrisville，USA）程序，每个患者的四个VA被覆盖，并通过三个截面平面获得公共边界。在所有比较中，将第2组的VA作为参考，并对其他三组进行评估。使用最大值、最小值、负平均值、正平均值、均方根（RMS）和总面积外（OTA）的定量数据评估VA之间的表面偏差。结果总表面偏差（OTA）在第4组最高（9.57%），第1组（7.19%）和第3组（7.02%）相似。在其他参数中，第4组的数据最大。RMS值在各组之间的分布为：第1组（S+DL）为56微米，第3组（S+RL）为53微米，第4组（S+RDC）为61微米。然而，数据比较表明，两组之间没有统计学上的显著差异。结论获得数字模型的条件导致了VA表面的缺陷。7-9%的总偏差（OTA）被认为过高，因此得出结论，获得数字模型的条件可能会影响CA的适应和成功。
{"title":"Impact of intraoral scanning conditions on the accuracy virtual aligners (VA)","authors":"Hasan Camcı, Farhad Salmanpour","doi":"10.21307/aoj-2022.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/aoj-2022.010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective In recent years, clear aligners (CA) have become a popular treatment option whose efficacy depends upon the close adaptive fit of the appliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate micron-level surface imperfections found in virtual aligners (VA) caused by the conditions at the time of acquisition of the digital models required for appliance fabrication. Methods Fifty patients were recruited for the study. Four digital models were acquired from each patient under four different conditions using a 3Shape TRIOS intra-oral scanner (Copenhagen, Denmark). The conditions for digital model acquisition were, Group 1: No saliva isolation and scanning in daylight (S + DL), Group 2: Saliva isolation and scanning in daylight (NS + DL), Group 3: No saliva isolation but scanning under reflected light (S + RL), Group 4: No saliva isolation but scanning in relatively dark conditions (S + RDC). For each of the 200 digital models, 1 mm thick VAs were created using the Appliance Designer (Copenhagen, Denmark) software. Using the Geomagic Control X (Geomagic; Morrisville, USA) program, the four VAs of each patient were overlaid and common boundaries were obtained by three planes of section. In all comparisons, the VAs in Group 2 were used as a reference and the three other groups were evaluated. Surface deviations between VAs were assessed using the quantitative data of maximum, minimum, negative mean, positive mean, root mean square (RMS), out of the total area (OTA). Results Total surface deviation (OTA) was found to be the highest in Group 4 (9.57%). OTA values in Group 1 (7.19%) and Group 3 (7.02%) were similar. Of the other parameters, the greatest data was obtained from Group 4. The distribution of RMS values between groups was: 56 microns in group 1 (S + DL), 53 microns in group 3 (S + RL), 61 microns in group 4 (S + RDC). However, the data comparison indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion The conditions for obtaining digital models caused imperfections on the surface of the VAs. The total deviation (OTA) of 7–9% was considered excessive and so it was concluded that the conditions for obtaining digital models could affect the adaptation and success of CAs.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"102 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41982998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Fiorillo, A. Campobasso, Giorgio Mariani, Eleonora Lo Muzio, Gualtiero Mandelli, G. Gastaldi
Abstract Objectives To evaluate the quantitative effects of palatal Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD)-supported appliances for the distalisation of maxillary molars in Class II patients. Methods An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus and the Web of Knowledge databases using specific key terms. The selection process was independently conducted by two researchers to identify relevant articles, published in English until January 2021. After the removal of duplicate articles and data extraction according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was ranked on a 9-point scale, from low to high quality. Results The initial search identified 14,830 articles, 536 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, eleven articles were selected. The quality of evidence was moderate for ten studies, but high for one study. A total of 230 subjects in the permanent dentition were analysed. The mean molar distalisation values ranged from 3.0 millimetres (mm) to 5.3 mm. The mean molar distal tipping varied from −1.20° to 11.24°. The mean mesial movement of premolars showed negative values. Conclusions In Class II patients, palatally placed TAD-supported devices are more effective in maxillary molar distalisation compared to conventional appliances, thereby minimising molar distal tipping and preventing premolar anchorage loss during the distalisation mechanics.
摘要目的评价腭部临时固定器（TAD）支持的矫治器对II类患者上颌磨牙远端化的定量效果。方法在PubMed、CENTRAL、Scopus和Web of Knowledge数据库中使用特定的关键词进行电子检索。评选过程由两名研究人员独立进行，以确定相关文章，这些文章以英语发表，直到2021年1月。根据PICOS方案去除重复文章并提取数据后，纳入论文的方法论质量按9分制进行排名，从低到高。结果初步检索到14830篇文章，其中536篇按标题和摘要选择。全文阅读后，选出11篇文章。十项研究的证据质量中等，但一项研究的质量很高。对230名恒牙列受试者进行了分析。平均磨牙远端倾斜度在3.0毫米至5.3毫米之间。平均磨牙远端倾斜在-1.20°至11.24°之间。前磨牙的平均近中移动显示负值。结论在II类患者中，与传统矫治器相比，腭部放置的TAD支持装置在上颌磨牙远中更有效，从而最大限度地减少了磨牙远端倾翻，并防止了远中力学过程中前磨牙锚定的损失。
{"title":"Maxillary molar distalisation using palatal TAD-supported devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: a systematic review","authors":"G. Fiorillo, A. Campobasso, Giorgio Mariani, Eleonora Lo Muzio, Gualtiero Mandelli, G. Gastaldi","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives To evaluate the quantitative effects of palatal Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD)-supported appliances for the distalisation of maxillary molars in Class II patients. Methods An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus and the Web of Knowledge databases using specific key terms. The selection process was independently conducted by two researchers to identify relevant articles, published in English until January 2021. After the removal of duplicate articles and data extraction according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was ranked on a 9-point scale, from low to high quality. Results The initial search identified 14,830 articles, 536 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, eleven articles were selected. The quality of evidence was moderate for ten studies, but high for one study. A total of 230 subjects in the permanent dentition were analysed. The mean molar distalisation values ranged from 3.0 millimetres (mm) to 5.3 mm. The mean molar distal tipping varied from −1.20° to 11.24°. The mean mesial movement of premolars showed negative values. Conclusions In Class II patients, palatally placed TAD-supported devices are more effective in maxillary molar distalisation compared to conventional appliances, thereby minimising molar distal tipping and preventing premolar anchorage loss during the distalisation mechanics.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"202 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41708146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Purpose: To assess the changes in mandibular trabecular and cortical bone following functional appliance treatment through fractal dimension (FD) and cortical thickness (CorT) measurements. Material and methods The study was performed on 45 mandibular retrognathia cases. While the treatment group (T) comprised 30 patients treated using a functional appliance for one year during puberty, the control group (C) consisted of 15 patients who did not receive any orthodontic treatment due to insufficient oral hygiene. FD and CorT analyses were bilaterally evaluated for each mandible. FD measurements were performed on the condylar process, the antegonial notch, and ramus regions on panoramic radiographs. A paired t-test was applied for group analysis, before (T1) and after treatment (T2) and, correspondingly, before (C1) and after (C2) controls. In addition, an independent t-test was used to determine differences between the treatment (∆T = T2−T1) and the control group (∆C = C2−C1). Results Statistically significant differences were found in the treatment group between the initial and post-treatment FD values of the right (p < 0.05) and left condyles (p < 0.05), and the CorT measurements on the right (p < 0.01) and the left sides (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FD parameters in the control group and a significant difference was only found in the left CorT (p < 0.05). A comparison of the treatment and control groups revealed that the changes in FD and CorT measurements were not statistically significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Mandibular protraction appliances do not produce trabecular bone alteration in the mandibular condyles, the antegonial notch and ramus over a 12-month time period.
{"title":"Evaluation of architectural changes in mandibular trabecular and cortical bone pattern after functional treatment","authors":"Barcın Eroz Dilaver, Dilara Nil Günaçar, A. Kiki","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: To assess the changes in mandibular trabecular and cortical bone following functional appliance treatment through fractal dimension (FD) and cortical thickness (CorT) measurements. Material and methods The study was performed on 45 mandibular retrognathia cases. While the treatment group (T) comprised 30 patients treated using a functional appliance for one year during puberty, the control group (C) consisted of 15 patients who did not receive any orthodontic treatment due to insufficient oral hygiene. FD and CorT analyses were bilaterally evaluated for each mandible. FD measurements were performed on the condylar process, the antegonial notch, and ramus regions on panoramic radiographs. A paired t-test was applied for group analysis, before (T1) and after treatment (T2) and, correspondingly, before (C1) and after (C2) controls. In addition, an independent t-test was used to determine differences between the treatment (∆T = T2−T1) and the control group (∆C = C2−C1). Results Statistically significant differences were found in the treatment group between the initial and post-treatment FD values of the right (p < 0.05) and left condyles (p < 0.05), and the CorT measurements on the right (p < 0.01) and the left sides (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FD parameters in the control group and a significant difference was only found in the left CorT (p < 0.05). A comparison of the treatment and control groups revealed that the changes in FD and CorT measurements were not statistically significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Mandibular protraction appliances do not produce trabecular bone alteration in the mandibular condyles, the antegonial notch and ramus over a 12-month time period.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"380 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44008566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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