L. Han, L. Mei, Caixia Zhang, Tuo-jiang Wu, Congyue Wang, Huang Li
Abstract Background Maxillary canine impaction has been extensively reported, but studies of mandibular canine impaction are relatively few. Clinical studies and reports of experience treating mandibular canine impaction are of clinical benefit to both orthodontists and dentists. Aims This report introduces a Class II division 2 crowded case with severely impacted, fully transposed, mandibular canines treated by a non-extraction approach and mandibular arch expansion. Methods The completely transposed, impacted, mandibular canines were successfully aligned. The crowding was relieved by arch expansion and incisor proclination without obvious radiographic alveolar bone loss. The two severely labially displaced mandibular canines assisted in the expansion of the narrow mandibular arch. Results The maxillary and mandibular arches were expanded and well aligned, and Class II molar and canine relationships and a normal overjet and overbite were established. The mandibular canines were aligned in advantageous positions. There was no regional alveolar bone resorption around the mandibular canines. Conclusion The treatment approach provided an example of significant bone remodelling. Using the impacted mandibular canines for anchorage, the age of the patient provided an opportunity to adopt a relatively conservative and unique treatment approach which may be applied to relieve crowding.
{"title":"Correction of Class II division 2 with crowding and bilateral fully transposed impacted mandibular canines","authors":"L. Han, L. Mei, Caixia Zhang, Tuo-jiang Wu, Congyue Wang, Huang Li","doi":"10.21307/aoj-2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/aoj-2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Maxillary canine impaction has been extensively reported, but studies of mandibular canine impaction are relatively few. Clinical studies and reports of experience treating mandibular canine impaction are of clinical benefit to both orthodontists and dentists. Aims This report introduces a Class II division 2 crowded case with severely impacted, fully transposed, mandibular canines treated by a non-extraction approach and mandibular arch expansion. Methods The completely transposed, impacted, mandibular canines were successfully aligned. The crowding was relieved by arch expansion and incisor proclination without obvious radiographic alveolar bone loss. The two severely labially displaced mandibular canines assisted in the expansion of the narrow mandibular arch. Results The maxillary and mandibular arches were expanded and well aligned, and Class II molar and canine relationships and a normal overjet and overbite were established. The mandibular canines were aligned in advantageous positions. There was no regional alveolar bone resorption around the mandibular canines. Conclusion The treatment approach provided an example of significant bone remodelling. Using the impacted mandibular canines for anchorage, the age of the patient provided an opportunity to adopt a relatively conservative and unique treatment approach which may be applied to relieve crowding.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"29 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43939714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Campobasso, Eleonora Lo Muzio, G. Battista, V. C. Caponio, D. Ciavarella, L. Lo Muzio
Abstract Objectives To evaluate the influence of Fixed (FOA) and Removable Orthodontic Appliances (ROA) on oral Candida colonisation. Methods A search for articles published in the English language until September 2021, was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases and by applying the search terms “orthodontic” OR “orthodontics” OR “fixed appliance” OR “removable appliance” OR “bracket” OR “removable aligner” AND “Candida” OR “Candidiasis” OR “Candidosis” to identify all potentially relevant human studies. After the removal of duplicate articles and data extraction according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was assessed by applying the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies (SBU). Results The initial search identified 533 articles, 157 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, sixteen articles were selected. The evidence quality for all the studies was moderate. Conclusions ROA induced a temporary increase of Candida counts from the early stage of treatment but which returned to the pre-treatment level after ROA removal. Contrasting results were reported for FOA treatment which promoted the oral colonisation of non-albicans species, although the most prevalent species was Candida albicans in both groups. This review should be interpreted with caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the included studies.
摘要目的评价固定式和可移动式矫治器对口腔念珠菌定植的影响。方法使用Pubmed检索截至2021年9月以英语发表的文章，Scopus和Web of Knowledge数据库，并通过应用搜索词“正畸”或“正畸学”或“固定矫治器”或“可移动矫治器“或“支架”或“移动矫正器”和“念珠菌”或“念珠菌”来确定所有潜在相关的人类研究。根据PICOS方案删除重复文章并提取数据后，通过应用瑞典卫生保健技术评估委员会分级评估研究标准（SBU）来评估纳入论文的方法学质量。结果初步检索出533篇文章，其中157篇按标题和摘要进行了筛选。全文阅读后，选出16篇文章。所有研究的证据质量都是中等的。结论ROA从治疗早期开始就诱导念珠菌计数暂时增加，但在去除ROA后又恢复到治疗前的水平。FOA治疗促进了非白色念珠菌的口腔定植，尽管两组中最常见的是白色念珠菌，但报告了对比结果。由于纳入研究的数量、质量和异质性，应谨慎解读这篇综述。
{"title":"The effect of orthodontic appliances on the Oral Candida colonisation: a systematic review","authors":"A. Campobasso, Eleonora Lo Muzio, G. Battista, V. C. Caponio, D. Ciavarella, L. Lo Muzio","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives To evaluate the influence of Fixed (FOA) and Removable Orthodontic Appliances (ROA) on oral Candida colonisation. Methods A search for articles published in the English language until September 2021, was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases and by applying the search terms “orthodontic” OR “orthodontics” OR “fixed appliance” OR “removable appliance” OR “bracket” OR “removable aligner” AND “Candida” OR “Candidiasis” OR “Candidosis” to identify all potentially relevant human studies. After the removal of duplicate articles and data extraction according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was assessed by applying the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies (SBU). Results The initial search identified 533 articles, 157 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, sixteen articles were selected. The evidence quality for all the studies was moderate. Conclusions ROA induced a temporary increase of Candida counts from the early stage of treatment but which returned to the pre-treatment level after ROA removal. Contrasting results were reported for FOA treatment which promoted the oral colonisation of non-albicans species, although the most prevalent species was Candida albicans in both groups. This review should be interpreted with caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the included studies.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"51 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45235183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khilan Shukla, S. D. Currell, Beau Knight, H. Baghaie, D. Nikolarakos, C. Dreyer
Abstract Introduction The present systematic review assesses the literature which identifies an association between surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating tooth movement (SAPATM) during orthodontic therapy and orthodontically induced external root resorption (OIERR). By determining the level of association, the results may provide clinical evidence for minimising the deleterious effects of orthodontic tooth movement. Methods Electronic databases including Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Worldcat, OpenGrey, and the Cochrane Library were searched and followed by further searches from citations of included articles. Searches were undertaken with no restrictions on year, publication status, nor language. The selection criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted using surgical procedures to accelerate orthodontic therapy in conjunction with fixed orthodontic appliances on human patients. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) Tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Inter-rater agreement of the review authors was used for the inclusion of primary articles, RoB assessment and evaluation of the quality of evidence (GRADE) and was calculated using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Results A total of 1118 articles were retrieved in the initial search. After the review process, 13 article trials met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 20 to 52 patients. Two studies showed a statistically significant reduction in OIERR, with a third showing both an increase and decrease of OIERR on different roots of the same maxillary molar tooth. A significant decrease in treatment time was shown by four studies, while six studies showed increased tooth movement. All included studies were classified as having low to minor concerns of bias and a low quality of evidence. Conclusions There is an apparent shortage of well-designed and reported RCTs on the effect of SAPATM on OIERR. However, there is some evidence to suggest OIERR is reduced following SAPATM. The use of SAPATM is also shown to increase tooth movement and reduce overall treatment time, but its benefits may be considered limited to the initial post-operative period.
{"title":"Orthodontic root resorption associated with surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating tooth movement: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials","authors":"Khilan Shukla, S. D. Currell, Beau Knight, H. Baghaie, D. Nikolarakos, C. Dreyer","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The present systematic review assesses the literature which identifies an association between surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating tooth movement (SAPATM) during orthodontic therapy and orthodontically induced external root resorption (OIERR). By determining the level of association, the results may provide clinical evidence for minimising the deleterious effects of orthodontic tooth movement. Methods Electronic databases including Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Worldcat, OpenGrey, and the Cochrane Library were searched and followed by further searches from citations of included articles. Searches were undertaken with no restrictions on year, publication status, nor language. The selection criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted using surgical procedures to accelerate orthodontic therapy in conjunction with fixed orthodontic appliances on human patients. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) Tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Inter-rater agreement of the review authors was used for the inclusion of primary articles, RoB assessment and evaluation of the quality of evidence (GRADE) and was calculated using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Results A total of 1118 articles were retrieved in the initial search. After the review process, 13 article trials met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 20 to 52 patients. Two studies showed a statistically significant reduction in OIERR, with a third showing both an increase and decrease of OIERR on different roots of the same maxillary molar tooth. A significant decrease in treatment time was shown by four studies, while six studies showed increased tooth movement. All included studies were classified as having low to minor concerns of bias and a low quality of evidence. Conclusions There is an apparent shortage of well-designed and reported RCTs on the effect of SAPATM on OIERR. However, there is some evidence to suggest OIERR is reduced following SAPATM. The use of SAPATM is also shown to increase tooth movement and reduce overall treatment time, but its benefits may be considered limited to the initial post-operative period.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"237 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45621299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward Kim, Niloufar Sherf, Manish Lamichane, Sam Levine, V. Allareddy, Yianni Ellenikiotis, George K. Koch, M. Masoud
Abstract Objectives: To compare the ability of SureSmileTM, InsigniaTM and InvisalignTM to achieve predicted intra-arch tooth positions and further compare their objective grading scores for alignment/rotations, marginal ridge relationships and buccolingual inclination. Materials and methods: The study was a prospective clinical trial of 145 arches from 44 females and 29 males (54 SureSmileTM arches, 35 InsigniaTM arches, and 56 InvisalignTM arches). All arches were treated by a non-extraction approach and had ≤7 mm of crowding and 45° of tooth rotation. The manufacturer’s recommendations were followed for each group and the final scans were acquired before refinements, rebonding, or wire bending. The virtual set-ups were superimposed on the final scans and the coordinates of 34 landmarks per arch were compared. One hundred and twenty-six end-of-participation arches were suitable for 3D printing and were compared using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading Scores (OGS) for alignment/ rotations, marginal ridge relationships, and buccolingual inclination. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified in the mean deviation between the target and achieved the position of the anterior landmarks within the treatment groups. The exception was the Suresmile group which had greater vertical discrepancies in the position of the labial CEJ. Although the mean differences between the target and achieved anterior landmark positions for all groups were under 0.5 mm, the range of maximum discrepancy was between 0.7 mm and 4.1 mm. The InsigniaTM system showed significantly greater deviation in upper posterior landmark positions in the transverse and sagittal dimensions, and lower posterior landmarks in the transverse dimension. However, this was due to the InsigniaTM initial set-ups being wider. There was no statistically significant difference between the three systems in combined intra-arch OGS. However, the InvisalignTM system had a significantly poorer alignment/rotation score than the SureSmileTM group. The InsigniaTM system performed better in achieving buccolingual tooth inclination compared to SuresmileTM, and the InvisalignTM system performed better than the SuresmileTM system in the marginal ridge score. Conclusions: The three systems were comparable in achieving the predicted tooth positions of the anterior teeth in non-extraction, mild-to-moderate, crowded cases. Large discrepancies requiring operator intervention were common within the three systems. Although the three systems had no statistically significant difference in overall intra-arch OGS scores, there were significant differences in the score components.
{"title":"A comparison of SureSmileTM, InsigniaTM, and InvisalignTM, in treating non-extraction cases of mild to moderate crowding: a prospective clinical trial","authors":"Edward Kim, Niloufar Sherf, Manish Lamichane, Sam Levine, V. Allareddy, Yianni Ellenikiotis, George K. Koch, M. Masoud","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: To compare the ability of SureSmileTM, InsigniaTM and InvisalignTM to achieve predicted intra-arch tooth positions and further compare their objective grading scores for alignment/rotations, marginal ridge relationships and buccolingual inclination. Materials and methods: The study was a prospective clinical trial of 145 arches from 44 females and 29 males (54 SureSmileTM arches, 35 InsigniaTM arches, and 56 InvisalignTM arches). All arches were treated by a non-extraction approach and had ≤7 mm of crowding and 45° of tooth rotation. The manufacturer’s recommendations were followed for each group and the final scans were acquired before refinements, rebonding, or wire bending. The virtual set-ups were superimposed on the final scans and the coordinates of 34 landmarks per arch were compared. One hundred and twenty-six end-of-participation arches were suitable for 3D printing and were compared using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading Scores (OGS) for alignment/ rotations, marginal ridge relationships, and buccolingual inclination. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified in the mean deviation between the target and achieved the position of the anterior landmarks within the treatment groups. The exception was the Suresmile group which had greater vertical discrepancies in the position of the labial CEJ. Although the mean differences between the target and achieved anterior landmark positions for all groups were under 0.5 mm, the range of maximum discrepancy was between 0.7 mm and 4.1 mm. The InsigniaTM system showed significantly greater deviation in upper posterior landmark positions in the transverse and sagittal dimensions, and lower posterior landmarks in the transverse dimension. However, this was due to the InsigniaTM initial set-ups being wider. There was no statistically significant difference between the three systems in combined intra-arch OGS. However, the InvisalignTM system had a significantly poorer alignment/rotation score than the SureSmileTM group. The InsigniaTM system performed better in achieving buccolingual tooth inclination compared to SuresmileTM, and the InvisalignTM system performed better than the SuresmileTM system in the marginal ridge score. Conclusions: The three systems were comparable in achieving the predicted tooth positions of the anterior teeth in non-extraction, mild-to-moderate, crowded cases. Large discrepancies requiring operator intervention were common within the three systems. Although the three systems had no statistically significant difference in overall intra-arch OGS scores, there were significant differences in the score components.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"290 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48961875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Interproximal reduction (IPR) is a therapeutic procedure used during orthodontic treatment and is apparently a commonly incorporated feature in the treatment planning of aligner cases. The present study investigated the prescription of IPR in the 50 most recently accepted initial aligner treatment plans for each of 10 orthodontic practices. The number of plans incorporating IPR, as well as the magnitude and location of the prescribed IPR, were assessed. The results showed that IPR was heavily prescribed, with an average of 71% of the 500 reviewed plans receiving IPR as part of that plan. When IPR was prescribed, the amount averaged 2.16 mm per case over 6.92 contact points. The lower anterior teeth had the most heavily prescribed IPR associated with the number of interproximal contacts and the respective amount, while the upper anterior teeth had the least heavily prescribed IPR.
{"title":"Prevalence of interproximal tooth reduction prescribed as part of initial Invisalign® treatment in 10 orthodontic practices","authors":"T. Weir, Arun Shailendran, E. Freer","doi":"10.21307/aoj-2022.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/aoj-2022.009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interproximal reduction (IPR) is a therapeutic procedure used during orthodontic treatment and is apparently a commonly incorporated feature in the treatment planning of aligner cases. The present study investigated the prescription of IPR in the 50 most recently accepted initial aligner treatment plans for each of 10 orthodontic practices. The number of plans incorporating IPR, as well as the magnitude and location of the prescribed IPR, were assessed. The results showed that IPR was heavily prescribed, with an average of 71% of the 500 reviewed plans receiving IPR as part of that plan. When IPR was prescribed, the amount averaged 2.16 mm per case over 6.92 contact points. The lower anterior teeth had the most heavily prescribed IPR associated with the number of interproximal contacts and the respective amount, while the upper anterior teeth had the least heavily prescribed IPR.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"96 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49028505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kayalar, S. Firatli, M. Darendeliler, K. Dalci, O. Dalci
Abstract Objective To compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar and buccal bone thickness of tooth–bone-borne (Hybrid-H) and tooth-borne (TB) maxillary expanders used for rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in early and late adolescents and for surgically-assisted RME (SARME) in young adults. Materials and methods: This two-centre clinical study included initial and 6 months post-retention CBCT records of 60 patients (27 males, 33 females; mean age 15.7 ± 3.75 years). The cohort was divided into two groups according to the expander type (H or TB) and subdivided into a further three groups determined by cervical vertebrae maturation stages: early adolescents (EA), late adolescents (LA), and young adults (A). EA and LA patients underwent RME and young adults received a SARME. Results: The hybrid-designed appliance increased the internal skeletal maxillary width and nasal width more than the TB-designed appliance anteriorly in EA and posteriorly in SARME young adults. The TB expanders tipped and expanded the first premolars more than the Hybrid SARME expanders in young adults and caused a greater reduction in buccal alveolar bone thickness at the level of the first premolars and molars at the three growth stages. Conclusion The hybrid expanders, with relatively greater skeletal and nasal widening potential and fewer dentoalveolar side effects, were a favourable alternative to tooth-borne expanders for RME in the early and late adolescents, and for SARME in young adults.
{"title":"Skeletal, dentoalveolar, and buccal bone changes using hybrid and tooth-borne expanders for RME and SARME in different growth stages","authors":"E. Kayalar, S. Firatli, M. Darendeliler, K. Dalci, O. Dalci","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective To compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar and buccal bone thickness of tooth–bone-borne (Hybrid-H) and tooth-borne (TB) maxillary expanders used for rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in early and late adolescents and for surgically-assisted RME (SARME) in young adults. Materials and methods: This two-centre clinical study included initial and 6 months post-retention CBCT records of 60 patients (27 males, 33 females; mean age 15.7 ± 3.75 years). The cohort was divided into two groups according to the expander type (H or TB) and subdivided into a further three groups determined by cervical vertebrae maturation stages: early adolescents (EA), late adolescents (LA), and young adults (A). EA and LA patients underwent RME and young adults received a SARME. Results: The hybrid-designed appliance increased the internal skeletal maxillary width and nasal width more than the TB-designed appliance anteriorly in EA and posteriorly in SARME young adults. The TB expanders tipped and expanded the first premolars more than the Hybrid SARME expanders in young adults and caused a greater reduction in buccal alveolar bone thickness at the level of the first premolars and molars at the three growth stages. Conclusion The hybrid expanders, with relatively greater skeletal and nasal widening potential and fewer dentoalveolar side effects, were a favourable alternative to tooth-borne expanders for RME in the early and late adolescents, and for SARME in young adults.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"355 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49333974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabiana Petrykowski, R. Lam, R. Lewis, Syed M. S. Islam, M. Goonewardene
Abstract Introduction: The aim was to assess the relationship between airway morphology and surgical intervention in a cohort of patients presenting with increased body mass index (BMI) and a confirmed diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). A secondary aim was to revisit the relationship between morphology and OSA severity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of pre-operative maxillofacial 3D-CT scans of thirty-two patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OSA who received treatment from an ear nose and throat specialist (ENT). Lateral cephalograms were imported into Quick Ceph Studio (Quick Ceph Systems Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) after which linear and angular measurements of selected hard and soft tissues were obtained. 3D-CT images were loaded into the software program 3dMDVultus (3dMD) which permitted 3D visualisation of the airway. Measurements were repeated 3 times on the images of six patients after an interval of two weeks to establish the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intra-examiner accuracy and reliability. Logistic regression was applied to determine the relationships between morphology, OSA and surgical treatments. Results: A positive correlation was found between age and the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI). Morphological measurements of the airway did not exhibit a positive relationship with OSA severity. Posterior airway space at the level of the uvula and tongue, the length of the soft palate and position of the hyoid bone were significantly associated with BMI. No variables were found to be correlated with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) surgery. Notwithstanding, airway length and posterior airway space at the level of the uvula tip were significantly associated with tongue channelling. Conclusions: Radiographic airway assessment is an invaluable and opportunistic tool for screening OSA but requires judicial use in its prescription and interpretation. There is little correlation between OSA severity and airway morphology and between surgical intervention and morphology. Additional factors need to be considered before a treatment modality is considered and is best managed in a multidisciplinary setting.
摘要简介：目的是评估一组体重指数（BMI）增加并确诊为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的患者的气道形态与手术干预之间的关系。第二个目的是重新探讨形态与OSA严重程度之间的关系。方法：对32例经耳鼻喉科专家（ENT）治疗的OSA患者的术前颌面部3D-CT扫描进行回顾性分析。将侧位头影图输入Quick Ceph Studio（Quick Ceph Systems Inc，San Diego，CA，USA），然后获得所选硬组织和软组织的线性和角度测量。3D-CT图像被加载到软件程序3dMDVultus（3dMD）中，该软件程序允许气道的3D可视化。间隔两周后，对6名患者的图像重复测量3次，以确定检查者内部准确性和可靠性的组内相关系数（ICC）。应用Logistic回归分析确定形态学、OSA和手术治疗之间的关系。结果：年龄与呼吸暂停低通气指数呈正相关。气道的形态学测量与OSA的严重程度没有呈正相关。悬雍垂和舌头水平的后气道间隙、软腭长度和舌骨位置与BMI显著相关。没有发现任何变量与悬雍垂腭咽成形术（UPPP）相关。尽管如此，悬雍垂尖端水平的气道长度和后气道间隙与舌头通道显著相关。结论：放射学气道评估是筛查OSA的一种宝贵的机会工具，但需要在处方和解释中进行司法使用。OSA的严重程度与气道形态之间以及手术干预与形态之间几乎没有相关性。在考虑治疗模式之前，需要考虑其他因素，并且最好在多学科环境中进行管理。
{"title":"Airway morphology and its influence on OSA severity and surgical intervention: a retrospective study","authors":"Fabiana Petrykowski, R. Lam, R. Lewis, Syed M. S. Islam, M. Goonewardene","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The aim was to assess the relationship between airway morphology and surgical intervention in a cohort of patients presenting with increased body mass index (BMI) and a confirmed diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). A secondary aim was to revisit the relationship between morphology and OSA severity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of pre-operative maxillofacial 3D-CT scans of thirty-two patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OSA who received treatment from an ear nose and throat specialist (ENT). Lateral cephalograms were imported into Quick Ceph Studio (Quick Ceph Systems Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) after which linear and angular measurements of selected hard and soft tissues were obtained. 3D-CT images were loaded into the software program 3dMDVultus (3dMD) which permitted 3D visualisation of the airway. Measurements were repeated 3 times on the images of six patients after an interval of two weeks to establish the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intra-examiner accuracy and reliability. Logistic regression was applied to determine the relationships between morphology, OSA and surgical treatments. Results: A positive correlation was found between age and the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI). Morphological measurements of the airway did not exhibit a positive relationship with OSA severity. Posterior airway space at the level of the uvula and tongue, the length of the soft palate and position of the hyoid bone were significantly associated with BMI. No variables were found to be correlated with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) surgery. Notwithstanding, airway length and posterior airway space at the level of the uvula tip were significantly associated with tongue channelling. Conclusions: Radiographic airway assessment is an invaluable and opportunistic tool for screening OSA but requires judicial use in its prescription and interpretation. There is little correlation between OSA severity and airway morphology and between surgical intervention and morphology. Additional factors need to be considered before a treatment modality is considered and is best managed in a multidisciplinary setting.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"307 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43699267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nida Khan, J. Stamatis, R. Bower, P. Henry, M. Goonewardene
Abstract The management of a Class III malocclusion in the mixed dentition presents with many challenges, in particular, the post-treatment growth-related changes which can continue into adulthood. This case report describes the multidisciplinary management of a 9-year-old female using titanium dental implants, rapid maxillary expansion and a Delaire facemask. Pre-treatment, post-treatment and long-term follow-up records of the patient are presented.
{"title":"Case report: early class III correction using titanium dental implants and facemask therapy: a 24-year follow-up","authors":"Nida Khan, J. Stamatis, R. Bower, P. Henry, M. Goonewardene","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The management of a Class III malocclusion in the mixed dentition presents with many challenges, in particular, the post-treatment growth-related changes which can continue into adulthood. This case report describes the multidisciplinary management of a 9-year-old female using titanium dental implants, rapid maxillary expansion and a Delaire facemask. Pre-treatment, post-treatment and long-term follow-up records of the patient are presented.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"213 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46286960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective To survey Australian-based orthodontists regarding their opinions on their extraction practices. Method A pilot-tested electronic-questionnaire was distributed to 465 members of the Australian Society of Orthodontists. Questions pertained to their demographic details, current extraction rates, changes in prescribed orthodontic extraction patterns over the past 5 to 10 years and the factors that may have influenced decisions. Results A response rate of 35.05% was recorded. Orthodontists estimated that they extracted permanent teeth in 21.03% and 22.06% of recently treated adults and children/adolescents presenting with a Class I malocclusion. Respondents were less comfortable carrying out non-extraction treatment in child/adolescent patients (15.4%) than in adult patients (34.7%) when crowding was greater than 6 mm. Most orthodontists (55.89%) who had practiced for more than 5 years believed that the number of patients that were treated by extractions was unchanged over the past 5 to 10 years while 34.55% believed that the proportion had decreased. More experienced orthodontists tended to report increased rather than decreased extraction rates (p = 0.0102). Most of those (88.1–93.17%) who reported decreased extraction rates considered facial aesthetics had a moderate/major influence on their extraction decisions. The increased use of ‘combined’ interproximal reduction (IPR) and arch lengthening in children/adolescents (55.8%) and IPR in adults (85%) was reported by those whose extraction rates had decreased. Conclusions Orthodontists extracted permanent teeth in just over 20% of their patients who presented with a Class I malocclusion. Most orthodontists considered that their extraction rates had not changed over the past 5 to 10 years. The increased use of IPR with or without arch lengthening procedures, was reported by those whose extraction rates had decreased over the same time period.
{"title":"Orthodontic extraction practices: a cross-sectional survey of orthodontists in Australia","authors":"Maurice J Meade, C. Dreyer","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective To survey Australian-based orthodontists regarding their opinions on their extraction practices. Method A pilot-tested electronic-questionnaire was distributed to 465 members of the Australian Society of Orthodontists. Questions pertained to their demographic details, current extraction rates, changes in prescribed orthodontic extraction patterns over the past 5 to 10 years and the factors that may have influenced decisions. Results A response rate of 35.05% was recorded. Orthodontists estimated that they extracted permanent teeth in 21.03% and 22.06% of recently treated adults and children/adolescents presenting with a Class I malocclusion. Respondents were less comfortable carrying out non-extraction treatment in child/adolescent patients (15.4%) than in adult patients (34.7%) when crowding was greater than 6 mm. Most orthodontists (55.89%) who had practiced for more than 5 years believed that the number of patients that were treated by extractions was unchanged over the past 5 to 10 years while 34.55% believed that the proportion had decreased. More experienced orthodontists tended to report increased rather than decreased extraction rates (p = 0.0102). Most of those (88.1–93.17%) who reported decreased extraction rates considered facial aesthetics had a moderate/major influence on their extraction decisions. The increased use of ‘combined’ interproximal reduction (IPR) and arch lengthening in children/adolescents (55.8%) and IPR in adults (85%) was reported by those whose extraction rates had decreased. Conclusions Orthodontists extracted permanent teeth in just over 20% of their patients who presented with a Class I malocclusion. Most orthodontists considered that their extraction rates had not changed over the past 5 to 10 years. The increased use of IPR with or without arch lengthening procedures, was reported by those whose extraction rates had decreased over the same time period.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"227 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49032456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What is it worth?","authors":"C. Dreyer","doi":"10.21307/AOJ-2020-079A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/AOJ-2020-079A","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45468683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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