Campobasso Alessandra, Ariano Anastasia, B. Giovanni, Posa Francesca, Migliorati Marco, Drago Sara, Lo Muzio Eleonora, Mori Giorgio
Abstract Objective Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology represents a novel method for manufacturing aligners. The aim of the present study was to assess the in-vitro cytotoxicity of 3D-printed aligners using different post-polymerisation conditions. Materials Aligners were printed using the same 3D-print resin (TC-85DAC, Graphy, Seoul, Korea) and printer (AccuFab-L4D, Shining 3D Tech. Co., Hangzhou, China), followed by different post-curing procedures. Six aligners were post-polymerised for 14 min using the Tera Harz Cure and a nitrogen generator curing machine (THC2, Graphy, Seoul, Korea) (P1). A further six aligners were post-cured for 30 min on each side using the Form Cure machine (FormLabs Inc, Somerville, USA) (P2). The aligners were cut into smaller specimens (2 mm×2 mm) and sterilised at 121°C. The specimens were placed in 96-well plates containing Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) at 37° for 7 or 14 days. The viability of MC3T3E-1 pre-osteoblasts cultured with DMEM was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The optical density of each cell culture was measured to assess cell viability, following which the data were statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results The comparison of cytotoxicity revealed statistically significant differences between post-curing procedures and MTT timings (P < 0.001). After 7 and 14 days, the cell viability of P2 was significantly reduced compared to P1 and the control groups (P < 0.001), while P1 showed no significant differences compared to the controls. Overall, P2 post-curing exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, while P1 post-polymerisation was highly biocompatible. Conclusions Different post-curing procedures may affect the in-vitro cytotoxicity of 3D-printed aligners. Clinicians should adhere to the manufacturer’s recommendations when using 3D-print resin.
摘要目的三维打印技术代表了一种制造对准器的新方法。本研究的目的是评估使用不同聚合后条件的3D打印对准器的体外细胞毒性。使用相同的3D打印树脂（TC-85DAC，Graphy，Seoul，Korea）和打印机（AccuFab-L4D，Shining 3D Tech.Co.，Hangzhou，China）打印材料对准器，然后进行不同的后固化程序。使用Tera Harz Cure和氮气发生器固化机（THC2，Graphy，Seoul，Korea）对六个对准器进行后聚合14分钟（P1）。使用Form Cure机器（FormLabs Inc，Somerville，USA）在每侧对另外六个对准器进行30分钟的后固化（P2）。对准器被切成更小的样本（2 mm×2 mm），并在121°C下消毒。将样品放置在含有Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基（DMEM）的96孔板中，温度为37°，持续7或14天。用3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑（MTT）法评估用DMEM培养的MC3T3E-1预成骨细胞的活力。测量每个细胞培养物的光密度以评估细胞活力，然后使用双向和单向ANOVA对数据进行统计学分析（α=0.05）。结果细胞毒性比较显示，治疗后程序和MTT时间之间存在统计学显著差异（P<0.001）。7天和14天后，P2的细胞活力与P1和对照组相比显著降低（P＜0.001），而P1与对照组相比没有显著差异。总体而言，P2固化后表现出中等的细胞毒性，而P1聚合后具有高度的生物相容性。结论不同的后固化程序可能会影响3D打印对准器的体外细胞毒性。临床医生在使用3D打印树脂时应遵守制造商的建议。
{"title":"Comparison of the cytotoxicity of 3D-printed aligners using different post-curing procedures: an in vitro study","authors":"Campobasso Alessandra, Ariano Anastasia, B. Giovanni, Posa Francesca, Migliorati Marco, Drago Sara, Lo Muzio Eleonora, Mori Giorgio","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology represents a novel method for manufacturing aligners. The aim of the present study was to assess the in-vitro cytotoxicity of 3D-printed aligners using different post-polymerisation conditions. Materials Aligners were printed using the same 3D-print resin (TC-85DAC, Graphy, Seoul, Korea) and printer (AccuFab-L4D, Shining 3D Tech. Co., Hangzhou, China), followed by different post-curing procedures. Six aligners were post-polymerised for 14 min using the Tera Harz Cure and a nitrogen generator curing machine (THC2, Graphy, Seoul, Korea) (P1). A further six aligners were post-cured for 30 min on each side using the Form Cure machine (FormLabs Inc, Somerville, USA) (P2). The aligners were cut into smaller specimens (2 mm×2 mm) and sterilised at 121°C. The specimens were placed in 96-well plates containing Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) at 37° for 7 or 14 days. The viability of MC3T3E-1 pre-osteoblasts cultured with DMEM was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The optical density of each cell culture was measured to assess cell viability, following which the data were statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results The comparison of cytotoxicity revealed statistically significant differences between post-curing procedures and MTT timings (P < 0.001). After 7 and 14 days, the cell viability of P2 was significantly reduced compared to P1 and the control groups (P < 0.001), while P1 showed no significant differences compared to the controls. Overall, P2 post-curing exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, while P1 post-polymerisation was highly biocompatible. Conclusions Different post-curing procedures may affect the in-vitro cytotoxicity of 3D-printed aligners. Clinicians should adhere to the manufacturer’s recommendations when using 3D-print resin.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48745401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Gong, Ziyang Liu, Liya Yang, Xiao-mei Sun, Jianjian Lu, L. Teng, Yuxing Bai, Xianju Xie
Abstract Introduction Clear aligner (CA) therapy has become popular worldwide but there is little research in the area from the perspective of bibliometrics. The present study aimed to identify the most impactful studies on CA over its 20 years of publishing since 2002. Methods The Web of Science database was used to retrieve study records on CA for the period between 2002 and 2022. Two authors manually screened the related studies. CiteSpace was used to analyse the country and institutional co-operation, keywords and citations with the strongest ‘burst’. Results The number of CA publications has increased and a total of 613 studies were included in the current analysis. The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics was the leading publishing journal reporting 79 published CA articles and 1627 total citations. Italy had the most significant productivity in this field (142/613, 23.16%). The United States of America was the leading country with the highest international collaboration. Based on the results of keyword analysis, orthodontic treatment, digital orthodontics, superimposition, and apical root resorption were previous research emphases. Conclusions The present analysis indicates that the treatment outcomes of CA therapy is the focus of current studies and provides developments for future research. The results provide an increased and comprehensive understanding of the state of the art of CA treatment.
摘要:CA (Clear aligner)疗法在世界范围内受到广泛欢迎，但从文献计量学的角度对该领域的研究很少。本研究旨在找出自2002年以来出版的20年来最具影响力的CA研究。方法利用Web of Science数据库检索2002 - 2022年CA的研究记录。两位作者手工筛选了相关研究。使用CiteSpace分析了国家和机构合作、关键词和引用中最强烈的“爆发”。结果CA出版物的数量有所增加，共纳入613项研究。美国正畸和牙面矫形杂志是主要的出版期刊，发表了79篇CA文章和1627次总引用。意大利在这一领域的生产率最高(142/613,23.16%)。美利坚合众国是国际合作最密切的主要国家。根据关键词分析结果，正畸治疗、指指正畸、叠加、根尖吸收是以往的研究重点。结论CA治疗的治疗效果是当前研究的重点，为今后的研究提供了发展方向。结果提供了一个增加和全面的了解状态的艺术CA治疗。
{"title":"Twenty years of clear aligner therapy: a bibliometric analysis (2002-2022)","authors":"B. Gong, Ziyang Liu, Liya Yang, Xiao-mei Sun, Jianjian Lu, L. Teng, Yuxing Bai, Xianju Xie","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Clear aligner (CA) therapy has become popular worldwide but there is little research in the area from the perspective of bibliometrics. The present study aimed to identify the most impactful studies on CA over its 20 years of publishing since 2002. Methods The Web of Science database was used to retrieve study records on CA for the period between 2002 and 2022. Two authors manually screened the related studies. CiteSpace was used to analyse the country and institutional co-operation, keywords and citations with the strongest ‘burst’. Results The number of CA publications has increased and a total of 613 studies were included in the current analysis. The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics was the leading publishing journal reporting 79 published CA articles and 1627 total citations. Italy had the most significant productivity in this field (142/613, 23.16%). The United States of America was the leading country with the highest international collaboration. Based on the results of keyword analysis, orthodontic treatment, digital orthodontics, superimposition, and apical root resorption were previous research emphases. Conclusions The present analysis indicates that the treatment outcomes of CA therapy is the focus of current studies and provides developments for future research. The results provide an increased and comprehensive understanding of the state of the art of CA treatment.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45301627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective To survey clear aligner therapy (CAT) procedures and protocols of orthodontists in New Zealand. Methods One hundred and ten full members of the New Zealand Association of Orthodontists were invited to complete an e-survey. The questions related to respondent demographics, aligner choice and use, CAT planning and treatment protocols, case selection, patient-reported CAT problems and relevant respondent opinions. The reasons for respondents not providing CAT were also surveyed. Results The response rate was 70%. Most respondents (88.3%; N = 68) reported that they used CAT as a treatment modality with 43.15% (N = 29) treating between 1 and 20 patients per year. The predominant CAT system was the Invisalign appliance (70.3%; N = 45) with 49.2% (N = 32) stating that they used more than one CAT system. The respondents reported the areas which were always or mostly in need of amendment prior to acceptance of the CAT treatment plan were attachments (75.6%; N = 50) and final tooth positions (62.1%; N = 41). A median of 0% (IQR: 0, 1) of initial digital treatment plans were approved without changes according to the respondents with a median of 90% (IQR: 80, 99) of CAT patients requiring an additional aligner phase. Almost 80% (78.1%; N = 50) indicated that they were not comfortable in treating cases with increased overbite and 66.7% (N = 44) rarely or never carried out premolar extractions when using CAT. A remote monitoring system was mostly or always used by 32.4% (N = 21) of respondents in conjunction with CAT. Concern regarding patient compliance with CAT protocols was expressed by 43.5% (N = 22). That fixed appliances provided better treatment outcomes was a moderate or major influence on the decision of all respondents (N = 8) who did not provide CAT. Conclusion Although CAT provision by orthodontists is commonplace among orthodontists in New Zealand, there is wide variation in its usage and procedures.
{"title":"Clear aligner therapy procedures and protocols of orthodontists in New Zealand","authors":"Maurice J Meade, T. Weir","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective To survey clear aligner therapy (CAT) procedures and protocols of orthodontists in New Zealand. Methods One hundred and ten full members of the New Zealand Association of Orthodontists were invited to complete an e-survey. The questions related to respondent demographics, aligner choice and use, CAT planning and treatment protocols, case selection, patient-reported CAT problems and relevant respondent opinions. The reasons for respondents not providing CAT were also surveyed. Results The response rate was 70%. Most respondents (88.3%; N = 68) reported that they used CAT as a treatment modality with 43.15% (N = 29) treating between 1 and 20 patients per year. The predominant CAT system was the Invisalign appliance (70.3%; N = 45) with 49.2% (N = 32) stating that they used more than one CAT system. The respondents reported the areas which were always or mostly in need of amendment prior to acceptance of the CAT treatment plan were attachments (75.6%; N = 50) and final tooth positions (62.1%; N = 41). A median of 0% (IQR: 0, 1) of initial digital treatment plans were approved without changes according to the respondents with a median of 90% (IQR: 80, 99) of CAT patients requiring an additional aligner phase. Almost 80% (78.1%; N = 50) indicated that they were not comfortable in treating cases with increased overbite and 66.7% (N = 44) rarely or never carried out premolar extractions when using CAT. A remote monitoring system was mostly or always used by 32.4% (N = 21) of respondents in conjunction with CAT. Concern regarding patient compliance with CAT protocols was expressed by 43.5% (N = 22). That fixed appliances provided better treatment outcomes was a moderate or major influence on the decision of all respondents (N = 8) who did not provide CAT. Conclusion Although CAT provision by orthodontists is commonplace among orthodontists in New Zealand, there is wide variation in its usage and procedures.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Demirsoy, S. Buyuk, Feridun Abay, H. Simsek, Esra Ozcelik
Abstract Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of two different adhesive applications of aesthetic brackets produced from permanent crown material using 3D-printing technology. Methods Sixty maxillary premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were divided into two main groups according to the type of bracket (metal brackets n=30, 3D-printed brackets n=30) and further divided into two subgroups according to the type of adhesive (flowable composite, Tokuyama SuperLow; non-flowable composite; 3M Transbond XT). SBS and ARI score evaluations were conducted in the experimental and control subgroups (n=15). Statistical analysis was performed by a one-way analysis of variance, a post-hoc test, and Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was accepted as P < 0.05. Results The bond strength of the specimens was significantly affected by the type of composite and bracket type (P < 0.001). However, the SBS values were within or above the desired range for orthodontic treatment in all groups. The highest SBS value was obtained in the Metal Bracket-Transbond XT group (15.03 ± 6.66), while the lowest SBS value was observed in the 3D-Printed Bracket-Transbond XT group (7.91 ± 3.07). It was noted that of all materials evaluated, the most common non-enamel-damaging adhesive–cohesive fractures were in 3D-Printed Bracket Tokuyama SuperLow group (n=13). Conclusions It is recommended that 3D-printed orthodontic brackets have sufficient and acceptable SBS levels for clinical applications and bonding using non-flowable adhesives to produce high SBS values and using flowable adhesives generating high ARI scores.
{"title":"A comparison of bond strength and adhesive remnant index of 3D-printed and metal orthodontic brackets attached using different adhesives","authors":"K. Demirsoy, S. Buyuk, Feridun Abay, H. Simsek, Esra Ozcelik","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of two different adhesive applications of aesthetic brackets produced from permanent crown material using 3D-printing technology. Methods Sixty maxillary premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were divided into two main groups according to the type of bracket (metal brackets n=30, 3D-printed brackets n=30) and further divided into two subgroups according to the type of adhesive (flowable composite, Tokuyama SuperLow; non-flowable composite; 3M Transbond XT). SBS and ARI score evaluations were conducted in the experimental and control subgroups (n=15). Statistical analysis was performed by a one-way analysis of variance, a post-hoc test, and Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was accepted as P < 0.05. Results The bond strength of the specimens was significantly affected by the type of composite and bracket type (P < 0.001). However, the SBS values were within or above the desired range for orthodontic treatment in all groups. The highest SBS value was obtained in the Metal Bracket-Transbond XT group (15.03 ± 6.66), while the lowest SBS value was observed in the 3D-Printed Bracket-Transbond XT group (7.91 ± 3.07). It was noted that of all materials evaluated, the most common non-enamel-damaging adhesive–cohesive fractures were in 3D-Printed Bracket Tokuyama SuperLow group (n=13). Conclusions It is recommended that 3D-printed orthodontic brackets have sufficient and acceptable SBS levels for clinical applications and bonding using non-flowable adhesives to produce high SBS values and using flowable adhesives generating high ARI scores.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45302174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
YUE‐AN Zhang, Jing Zhang, Lingfeng Xu, Mei‐qing Wang
Abstract Introduction The histological features of irregular mandibular condylar surfaces revealed on CT images remain unknown. Aim In order to seek clarification, the aim of the study was to describe the histological features of irregular mandibular condylar surfaces detected on micro-CT images. Materials and methods Due to different modelling requirements, thirty rats were exposed to five experimental occlusal disturbance models at 6- or 8-weeks of age. Another six age-matched rats were used as controls. After 10 or 12 weeks of modelling, the mandibular condyles were sampled for micro-CT scanning and histology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assessment. The condyles with irregular surface signs were chosen for analysis. Results Based on the micro-CT images, 10 out of the 30 condyles were diagnosed as having irregular articular surfaces which typically appeared as lacunae on histological sections. The lacunae were filled with degraded cartilage, a fibrous mass, or calcified islets. Type II collagen-, type X collagen- and osterix-positive cells were observed at the side walls of the lacunae. Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells, CD90-positive cells and fibronectin-positive areas were observed inside the lacunae. However, in the subchondral bone at the lower margin of the lacunae, TRAP-positive cells were seldom observed. Conclusions Irregular mandibular condylar surfaces revealed by micro-CT images during development appeared to be a result of unbalanced cartilage calcification.
{"title":"Unbalanced cartilage calcification during development contributes to the formation of irregular articular surfaces as revealed by micro-CT images","authors":"YUE‐AN Zhang, Jing Zhang, Lingfeng Xu, Mei‐qing Wang","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The histological features of irregular mandibular condylar surfaces revealed on CT images remain unknown. Aim In order to seek clarification, the aim of the study was to describe the histological features of irregular mandibular condylar surfaces detected on micro-CT images. Materials and methods Due to different modelling requirements, thirty rats were exposed to five experimental occlusal disturbance models at 6- or 8-weeks of age. Another six age-matched rats were used as controls. After 10 or 12 weeks of modelling, the mandibular condyles were sampled for micro-CT scanning and histology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assessment. The condyles with irregular surface signs were chosen for analysis. Results Based on the micro-CT images, 10 out of the 30 condyles were diagnosed as having irregular articular surfaces which typically appeared as lacunae on histological sections. The lacunae were filled with degraded cartilage, a fibrous mass, or calcified islets. Type II collagen-, type X collagen- and osterix-positive cells were observed at the side walls of the lacunae. Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells, CD90-positive cells and fibronectin-positive areas were observed inside the lacunae. However, in the subchondral bone at the lower margin of the lacunae, TRAP-positive cells were seldom observed. Conclusions Irregular mandibular condylar surfaces revealed by micro-CT images during development appeared to be a result of unbalanced cartilage calcification.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sauni Ashfaq, S. Mathew, G. S. Prashantha, S. Sabrish, Sathyashree Krishnamurthy, Nirajita Bhaduri
Abstract Background The position of infrazygomatic crest bone screws is an important consideration in determining the success of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the position of infrazygomatic crest (IZC) bone screws in relation to skeletal and dental parameters using postero-anterior (PA) cephalograms and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods A CBCT scan and a PA cephalogram were taken of 19 patients (8 males; 11 females) after IZC bone screw placement. Each CBCT image was reconstructed and oriented using the CS 3D CBCT software (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, USA) and was subsequently analysed. The landmarks were traced on the PA cephalogram. The angulation of the IZC bone screw was measured with respect to three skeletal and two dental landmarks and compared between the two imaging modalities. A paired t-test was applied to compare the means of different variables between the PA cephalogram and CBCT scan. Results The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two imaging modalities with respect to four landmarks, i.e., the inter-jugale plane, the mid sagittal plane, the zygomatic arch and the perpendicular long axis to the 1st molar but a small statistically significant difference was seen with respect to measurements from the facial surface of the 1st molar (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The angulation and position of an IZC bone screw are consistent between the two imaging modalities. A PA cephalogram may be used as a substitute for a CBCT scan to reduce the radiation exposure to patients.
背景颧下嵴螺钉的位置是决定正畸治疗成功与否的重要因素。本研究的目的是比较颧骨下嵴(IZC)骨螺钉的位置与骨骼和牙齿参数的关系，使用后前(PA)头像和锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)。方法对19例患者行CBCT扫描和PA脑电图检查，其中男8例;11例女性)。每张CBCT图像使用CS 3D CBCT软件(Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, USA)进行重建和定位，随后进行分析。在PA脑电图上记录了地标。IZC骨螺钉的角度测量相对于三个骨骼和两个牙齿的标志，并比较两种成像方式。采用配对t检验比较PA脑电图与CBCT扫描不同变量的均值。结果两种成像方式在颈间面、正中矢状面、颧弓和与第一磨牙垂直长轴4个指标上的测量结果差异无统计学意义，但在第一磨牙面表面的测量结果差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。结论两种成像方式下，IZC螺钉的角度和位置是一致的。PA脑电图可用作CBCT扫描的替代品，以减少对患者的辐射暴露。
{"title":"Comparison of infrazygomatic crest bone screw position using a postero-anterior cephalogram versus cone-beam computed tomography: a cross sectional study","authors":"Sauni Ashfaq, S. Mathew, G. S. Prashantha, S. Sabrish, Sathyashree Krishnamurthy, Nirajita Bhaduri","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The position of infrazygomatic crest bone screws is an important consideration in determining the success of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the position of infrazygomatic crest (IZC) bone screws in relation to skeletal and dental parameters using postero-anterior (PA) cephalograms and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods A CBCT scan and a PA cephalogram were taken of 19 patients (8 males; 11 females) after IZC bone screw placement. Each CBCT image was reconstructed and oriented using the CS 3D CBCT software (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, USA) and was subsequently analysed. The landmarks were traced on the PA cephalogram. The angulation of the IZC bone screw was measured with respect to three skeletal and two dental landmarks and compared between the two imaging modalities. A paired t-test was applied to compare the means of different variables between the PA cephalogram and CBCT scan. Results The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two imaging modalities with respect to four landmarks, i.e., the inter-jugale plane, the mid sagittal plane, the zygomatic arch and the perpendicular long axis to the 1st molar but a small statistically significant difference was seen with respect to measurements from the facial surface of the 1st molar (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The angulation and position of an IZC bone screw are consistent between the two imaging modalities. A PA cephalogram may be used as a substitute for a CBCT scan to reduce the radiation exposure to patients.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46355284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment effectiveness of long-term Bionator use on the craniofacial pattern, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, hyoid bone, and cervical vertebrae in patients presenting with a skeletal Class II malocclusion involving mandibular retrognathia. Methods A treatment group of 27 patients with a skeletal Class II malocclusion treated using a Bionator was compared with a control group of 27 patients presenting with a skeletal Class I malocclusion managed without Bionator treatment. The Bionator was worn in the subject group until the complete eruption of the second molars. Lateral cephalograms of the group before (T0) and after Bionator treatment (T1) were compared. A two-way analysis of variance and a paired t-test were applied for statistical analyses. Results A significant increase in the SNB angle and a decrease in the ANB angle were apparent in the Bionator treatment group. The dimensions of the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airways and the hypopharyngeal area increased significantly. Conclusion Long-term treatment using a Bionator resulted in the advancement of a retrognathic mandible. In addition, the dimensions of the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airways and the hypopharyngeal area increased significantly, reaching the same level as that of skeletal Class I subjects.
{"title":"Changes in pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone position after Bionator treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions","authors":"Mioko Tanaka, Yoshiko Seto, Sakurako Kobayashi","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment effectiveness of long-term Bionator use on the craniofacial pattern, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, hyoid bone, and cervical vertebrae in patients presenting with a skeletal Class II malocclusion involving mandibular retrognathia. Methods A treatment group of 27 patients with a skeletal Class II malocclusion treated using a Bionator was compared with a control group of 27 patients presenting with a skeletal Class I malocclusion managed without Bionator treatment. The Bionator was worn in the subject group until the complete eruption of the second molars. Lateral cephalograms of the group before (T0) and after Bionator treatment (T1) were compared. A two-way analysis of variance and a paired t-test were applied for statistical analyses. Results A significant increase in the SNB angle and a decrease in the ANB angle were apparent in the Bionator treatment group. The dimensions of the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airways and the hypopharyngeal area increased significantly. Conclusion Long-term treatment using a Bionator resulted in the advancement of a retrognathic mandible. In addition, the dimensions of the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airways and the hypopharyngeal area increased significantly, reaching the same level as that of skeletal Class I subjects.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41640646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A skeletal Class II malocclusion is an anteroposterior discrepancy resulting from a combination of skeletal and dental factors. In adolescent patients, it is possible to leverage their growth potential to address bone deformities and minimise the need for future surgical interventions. In the present case report, a combination treatment approach was adopted which included a functional appliance, fixed appliances, and temporary anchorage support, to treat a 13-year-old Chinese male with a severe skeletal Class II malocclusion. After a treatment duration of 36 months, the patient achieved a favourable occlusion and an improved facial profile. Subsequently, a stable occlusal relationship and balanced facial proportions were maintained during a 2-year retention period.
{"title":"Treatment of a severe skeletal Class II malocclusion through growth modification: a problem-oriented case report","authors":"Yimeng Yan, Zhiqiang Ouyang, Fei Tong","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A skeletal Class II malocclusion is an anteroposterior discrepancy resulting from a combination of skeletal and dental factors. In adolescent patients, it is possible to leverage their growth potential to address bone deformities and minimise the need for future surgical interventions. In the present case report, a combination treatment approach was adopted which included a functional appliance, fixed appliances, and temporary anchorage support, to treat a 13-year-old Chinese male with a severe skeletal Class II malocclusion. After a treatment duration of 36 months, the patient achieved a favourable occlusion and an improved facial profile. Subsequently, a stable occlusal relationship and balanced facial proportions were maintained during a 2-year retention period.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives Unlike a CBCT scan which has a large field of view (FOV), a scan with a small FOV may not involve the base of the skull. Therefore, routinely used reference planes may not be available to evaluate treatment outcome. The present study was undertaken to determine if the palatal plane and a molar occlusal plane may be used as reference planes to measure the change in the axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first permanent molar towards the end of orthodontic treatment on a CBCT scan captured with a small FOV. Materials and methods A lateral cephalogram and a CBCT scan with a small FOV were taken for fifteen young adults prior to, and six months after, mini-implant supported, distal movement of the maxillary arch. CBCT multi-planar slices were sequentially viewed to obtain an image that contained the entire length of the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first permanent molar in the tangential view. The axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first permanent molar was measured from the palatal plane and the molar occlusal plane on both sides. The same parameters were evaluated on the lateral cephalogram using the palatal plane as a reference. An independent t test (p = 0.05) was conducted to compare the results. A Bland–Altman plot with linear regression was constructed to measure accuracy, method agreement and reliability. Results There was no statistically significant difference when a change in the axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first permanent molar was measured using the two reference planes. The change in axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and maxillary first permanent molar had a 95% confidence interval of -1.82 to 4.19 and -4.48 to 3.05 and a p-value of 0.425 and 0.701 on the right side, respectively, and a 95% confidence interval of -1.76 to 4.79 and -4.41 to 2.79 and p-value of 0.350 and 0.650 on the left side. Conclusions The molar occlusal plane and the palatal plane may be used as reference planes for measuring change in the axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and the first permanent molar in a CBCT scan taken with a small FOV.
{"title":"The identification of possible reference planes on a CBCT scan taken with a small FOV—an observational analytical study","authors":"A. Felicita, T.N. Uma Maheswari","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Unlike a CBCT scan which has a large field of view (FOV), a scan with a small FOV may not involve the base of the skull. Therefore, routinely used reference planes may not be available to evaluate treatment outcome. The present study was undertaken to determine if the palatal plane and a molar occlusal plane may be used as reference planes to measure the change in the axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first permanent molar towards the end of orthodontic treatment on a CBCT scan captured with a small FOV. Materials and methods A lateral cephalogram and a CBCT scan with a small FOV were taken for fifteen young adults prior to, and six months after, mini-implant supported, distal movement of the maxillary arch. CBCT multi-planar slices were sequentially viewed to obtain an image that contained the entire length of the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first permanent molar in the tangential view. The axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first permanent molar was measured from the palatal plane and the molar occlusal plane on both sides. The same parameters were evaluated on the lateral cephalogram using the palatal plane as a reference. An independent t test (p = 0.05) was conducted to compare the results. A Bland–Altman plot with linear regression was constructed to measure accuracy, method agreement and reliability. Results There was no statistically significant difference when a change in the axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first permanent molar was measured using the two reference planes. The change in axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and maxillary first permanent molar had a 95% confidence interval of -1.82 to 4.19 and -4.48 to 3.05 and a p-value of 0.425 and 0.701 on the right side, respectively, and a 95% confidence interval of -1.76 to 4.79 and -4.41 to 2.79 and p-value of 0.350 and 0.650 on the left side. Conclusions The molar occlusal plane and the palatal plane may be used as reference planes for measuring change in the axial inclination of the maxillary central incisor and the first permanent molar in a CBCT scan taken with a small FOV.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With the advancement of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, orthodontists are able to design and manufacture customised lingual appliances, which may increase treatment versatility and reduce treatment costs. The present article describes the digital workflows associated with the design and manufacture of customised double-slotted lingual brackets and arch wires. Also demonstrated is the technique’s efficiency through a non-extraction case report. An adult patient with moderate crowding in both arches was successfully treated using 3D-printed customised double-slotted lingual appliances combined with miniscrews and interproximal reduction. The moderate crowding was addressed without incisor proclination despite the non-extraction strategy.
摘要 随着三维（3D）打印技术的发展，正畸医生能够设计和制造定制的舌侧矫治器，从而提高治疗的多功能性并降低治疗成本。本文介绍了与设计和制造定制双槽舌侧托槽和弓丝相关的数字化工作流程。此外，还通过一个非拔牙病例报告展示了该技术的效率。一位双牙弓中度拥挤的成年患者使用 3D 打印的定制双槽舌侧矫治器，结合微型螺钉和近端间缩小术，成功地治疗了双牙弓中度拥挤。尽管采用了非拔牙策略，但患者的中度牙列拥挤问题并没有得到解决，切牙也没有发生倾斜。
{"title":"Digital workflows for 3D-printed customised double-slotted lingual appliances: a case report","authors":"Nguyen Viet Anh, N. Anh","doi":"10.2478/aoj-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the advancement of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, orthodontists are able to design and manufacture customised lingual appliances, which may increase treatment versatility and reduce treatment costs. The present article describes the digital workflows associated with the design and manufacture of customised double-slotted lingual brackets and arch wires. Also demonstrated is the technique’s efficiency through a non-extraction case report. An adult patient with moderate crowding in both arches was successfully treated using 3D-printed customised double-slotted lingual appliances combined with miniscrews and interproximal reduction. The moderate crowding was addressed without incisor proclination despite the non-extraction strategy.","PeriodicalId":48559,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Orthodontic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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