Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation最新文献

Background: Dementia is widely recognized as a factor that influences the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, recent studies have not fully elucidated the effects of dementia on perioperative medical and surgical complications, as well as in-hospital resource utilization. The objective of this study is to evaluate the specific impact of dementia on perioperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing TKA.

Methods: Data on elderly patients undergoing TKA were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample database (2010-2019). Patients were categorized into a dementia group and a non-dementia group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to control for differences in demographics, hospital characteristics, and comorbidities. Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate perioperative outcomes.

Results: From 2010 to 2019, a group of 344,200 patients undergoing TKA was identified, among whom 6761 individuals (2.0%) were diagnosed with dementia. Following PSM, dementia remained an independent predictor for several perioperative outcomes, including urinary tract infection (aOR = 2.001, 95%CI = 1.561-2.564, P < 0.0001), pneumonia (aOR = 2.043, 95%CI = 1.244-3.355, P = 0.005), postoperative delirium (aOR = 5.854, 95%CI = 4.418-7.758, P < 0.0001), acute hemorrhagic anemia (aOR = 1.229, 95%CI = 1.128-1.340, P < 0.0001), prolonged hospital stay (aOR = 1.966, 95%CI = 1.785-2.165, P < 0.0001), and increased total healthcare charges (aOR = 1.122, 95%CI = 1.037-1.215, P = 0.004).

Conclusion: Dementia is independently associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications after TKA, underscoring the importance of tailored perioperative care for elderly patients with dementia.

Background: Femoral neck fractures are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in older adults. This study compared demographics, outcomes and complications between the following treatment options: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF), Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and Hemiarthroplasty (HA).

Methods: This was a population-based study using the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services dataset from 2017-2021. A total of 67,759 isolated hip fracture patients were analyzed. Multivariate regression analyses adjustmented for age, comorbidities and hospital volume. Outcomes were compared using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: ORIF patients were the oldest (36.7% aged 85+), while THA patients were younger (18.6% aged 65-69). Females predominated for overall fracture incidence (66.9%-81.8%). HA patients had significantly higher risks of discharge mortality OR = 1.51 (95% CI 1.24, 1.83), deep venous thrombosis OR = 1.31 (95% CI 1.07, 1.60), cardiac arrest OR = 1.85 (95% CI 1.33, 2.57), pulmonary embolism OR = 1.76 (95% CI 1.38, 2.36), acute kidney injury OR = 1.32 (95% CI 1.24, 1.40) and overall infection compared to ORIF. THA and HA patients were associated with lower odds of rehab discharge (OR = 0.65 and OR = 0.90, respectively). THA was linked to shorter hospital stays (4.3 days) but an increased pulmonary embolism risk OR = 2.39 (95% CI 1.17, 4.88).

Conclusions: For femoral neck fractures, ORIF had the lowest complication rates. Hemiarthroplasty posed the highest complication risks, including mortality and thromboembolic events. THA appeared better suited for healthier individuals, with shorter hospital stays but higher rates of pulmonary embolism. Complication profiles vary significantly across fixation methods for femoral neck fractures. Individualized surgical planning is essential to balance risks and optimize outcomes for femoral neck fracture patients. There may be an opportunity to more carefully scrutinize surgical decision making for femoral neck fractures that would otherwise be treated with either ORIF or HA.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) significantly improves the quality of life of patients with end-stage osteoarthritis. Dementia, which is prevalent in geriatric THA recipients, is correlated with several adverse outcomes. This study further investigated the impact of dementia on perioperative outcomes (complications, mortality, skilled nursing facilities [SNFs] transfer, total cost, and length of hospital stay [LOS]) in geriatric patients undergoing elective THA.

Methods: This study retrospectively analysed data from patients aged 65 years and older who underwent elective THA in the Nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) database from 2010 to 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce potential selection bias arising from differences in demographic and comorbidity factors. The Wilcoxon rank test (for continuous data) and Chi‒square test (for categorical data) were used to assess demographic characteristics, comorbidities, LOS, total hospital costs, and in-hospital mortality; logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the influence of dementia on adverse outcomes.

Results: 376 323 elective geriatric THA patient samples from the NIS database were included, with an overall dementia prevalence of 2.05%. Adverse outcomes following elective THA in patients with dementia included deep vein thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, acute anaemia, cardiac arrest, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, acute renal failure, pneumonia, respiratory failure, invasive mechanical ventilation, postoperative delirium, gastrointestinal bleeding, mechanical loosening, broken internal joint prosthesis, dislocation, other prosthesis-related complications, wound rupture/unhealed, transfusion, prolonged LOS, increased total cost, and discharge to SNFs.

Conclusion: In elective geriatric THA patients, dementia is independently associated with significantly higher risks of perioperative complications and greater healthcare resource utilization, underscoring the need for enhanced perioperative monitoring and multidisciplinary care for this vulnerable group.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of visual health education (VHE) intervention in the perioperative management of older adults undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs).

Methods: A prospective cohort of 96 patients (aged ≥65 years) scheduled for primary PKP between June 2024 and January 2025 were enrolled. Participants were allocated to a control group (n = 46) receiving conventional verbal education or an intervention group (n = 50) receiving VHE via instructional videos. The VHE program encompassed disease-specific knowledge, surgical procedures, and postoperative rehabilitation. Outcome measures included sleep quality (PSQI), anxiety (SAS), blood pressure stability, patient satisfaction, and anti-osteoporosis medication adherence.

Results: The VHE group demonstrated significant improvements across all perioperative metrics compared to controls. Preoperative sleep quality was superior (PSQI: 7.85 ± 2.16 vs 15.63 ± 3.62, P < 0.001), anxiety levels were lower (SAS: 30.62 ± 3.48 vs 55.68 ± 3.95, P < 0.001), and patient satisfaction at discharge was higher (100% vs 95.7%, P < 0.001). The intervention group also exhibited better medication adherence at 6-month follow-up (76% vs 28.3%, P < 0.001) and more stable preoperative blood pressure (systolic BP: 152.8 ± 5.9 vs 178.4 ± 7.1 mmHg, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Disease-specific visual health education significantly enhances perioperative experiences, improves psychological well-being, stabilizes physiological parameters, and promotes long-term treatment adherence in older OVF patients undergoing PKP. This approach represents a valuable adjunct to standard perioperative care, with the potential to reduce complications and improve overall clinical outcomes.

Introduction: Bisphosphonate medications reduce the risk of osteoporotic fragility fractures; however, prolonged use increases the risk of atypical femur fractures (AFF). As the population ages and the burden of osteoporosis rises, the relative incidence of AFFs is expected to grow. Current expert guidelines recommend discontinuing bisphosphonates and initiating alternative anti-fracture therapies (AFT), such as denosumab, teriparatide, or raloxifene, following an AFF to support skeletal health and reduce future fracture risk. However, it is unclear which patients receive these medications after an AFF. This study aims to identify demographics associated with the initiation of alternate osteoporosis therapies following an AFF.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the TriNetX Registry to identify patients who were on bisphosphonate therapy that had an AFF. The primary outcome was initiation of teriparatide, denosumab, or raloxifene within one year after AFF. We compared patient demographics and baseline characteristics between those initiated on AFT after an AFF and those who were not. Pairwise comparisons of proportions were performed between the groups using two-proportion Z-tests with Bonferroni correction to account for multiple comparisons.

Results: We identified 784 patients with AFFs following bisphosphonate use. 71 patients (9.5%) were initiated on AFT following the index fracture. Teriparatide (83.1%) was the most commonly prescribed AFT, followed by denosumab (21.9%), then raloxifene (≤14.1%). Patients initiated on AFT were more likely to have a previous fragility fracture (66.2% vs 45.2%, P < 0.001). Other patient demographics assessed did not show any significant differences.

Discussion and conclusion: Despite expert recommendations, AFT was initiated in only a small percentage of patients following AFFs. These findings highlight a significant care gap in secondary fracture prevention and underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach, including coordination between endocrinology, orthopaedics, and primary care, to improve adherence to post-fracture osteoporosis management guidelines.

Purpose: Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) have been developed as a coordinated, multidisciplinary programs designed to improve the identification and management of patients with fragility fractures, including hip fractures. This study aims to evaluate the impact of coordinator based FLS on medical treatment compliance and mortality in patients following hip fracture. Specifically, it seeks to evaluate the impact of routine follow-up post discharge on these outcomes.

Methods: Comparative retrospective cohort of following hip fracture patients for one year after surgery. First group with the complete FLS treatment and protocol and second group with partial FLS protocol without the routine clinical follow-up after discharge. Main clinical outcomes were osteoporosis medication compliance and morality rates.

Results: 347 participants, 182 (52.4%) without a coordinator follow-up and 165 (47.6%) with a coordinator follow-up. Patients with coordinator follow-up had better medication compliance 1 year following hip fracture (77% vs 39%). First year mortality rate was 11% and 13% accordingly without statistical significance.

Conclusion: This study found that patients in an FLS with coordinator follow-up had better clinical outcomes, receiving more timely medication recommendations and showing higher treatment adherence, highlighting the value of coordinated follow-up in long-term care.

Introduction: Hip fractures can be divided into intracapsular(ICF) and extracapsular(ECF) fractures. Preoperative pain management of hip fractures is important and complex. Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block(FICB) is proven effective in reducing pain. The effectiveness may vary depending on the location of the hip fracture, given the complex nerve innervation of the hip joint. To our knowledge, the difference in effect of pre-operative FICB across the various types of hip fractures has not yet been investigated. This study compared pre-operative pain management with FICB in ICF and ECF patients.

Methods: This retrospective, single center cohort study included patients(>50 years) with ICF or ECF and preoperative FICB. Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) scores at 2 time points after FICB were compared, adjusting for baseline NRS, potential confounding by prehospital opioid use and time interval between FICB and NRS-score. Also preoperative opioids use 24 hours after FICB was compared.

Results: 183 patients were included; 94 ICF and 89 ECF patients. Both groups had comparable demographics(age and gender) and baseline characteristics, except for pre-injury home opioid use, which was significantly higher in the ECF patient group. NRS score before FICB-administration was 4.610(SD1.634; ICF) and 4.870(SD1.746;ECF P = 0.302) and did not differ between groups. NRS scores decreased significantly after FICB, with no significant difference between the groups: ICF: 2.900(SD1.522) and 2.360(SD1.574) and ECF 2.920(SD1.817;P = 0.834) and 2.960(SD1.938;P = 0.093) for the first and second NRS scores after FICB respectively. There was no confounding or effect modification. Opioid use in the first 24hrs after FICB was not significantly different in both groups.

Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative pain relief provided by FICB in patients with intracapsular or extracapsular hip fractures. The FICB had great value as a regional pain block at the emergency department for both types of frail hip fracture patients.

Background: Hip fractures in older adults are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Nocturia is a common but under-recognized symptom in this population and may contribute to increased nighttime fall risk. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nocturia severity and nighttime falls among older adults with hip fractures and to evaluate associated clinical and biochemical factors.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 491 patients aged ≥55 years who underwent surgery for hip fractures between 2019 and 2024. Data were obtained from medical records and a structured questionnaire administered prior to hospital discharge or during follow-up. Patients were categorized into three nocturia groups: none, moderate (1 void/night), and severe (≥2 voids/night). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters (including electrolytes and renal function) were analyzed. Univariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify independent factors associated with nighttime falls.

Results: Overall, 76.8% of patients reported at least one nocturnal void, and 44.2% had severe nocturia. Nighttime fall incidence increased with nocturia severity (20.4% in the non-nocturia group, 37.3% in moderate, and 40.6% in severe; P < .001). In multivariate analysis, male sex (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04-2.35), lower serum potassium (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36-0.94), moderate nocturia (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.70-5.93), severe nocturia (OR = 3.94, 95% CI: 2.21-7.04), and lower serum calcium (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.93) were independently associated with nighttime falls. Age, renal function, and serum sodium were not significant factors.

Conclusions: Nocturia, particularly at moderate and severe levels, is independently associated with nighttime falls in older adults with hip fractures. Male sex and mild disturbances in potassium and calcium were also associated with the occurrence of nighttime falls. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating nocturia assessment and basic biochemical screening into comprehensive fall-risk evaluation and prevention strategies in geriatric orthopedic care.

Introduction: Femoral head specimens are often sent for histopathology after geriatric femoral neck fractures in patients with past history of malignancies. However, the cost-effectiveness of this practice is unclear and the clinical impact and effect on patient management has yet to be ascertained.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of all femoral head histopathology specimens registered in our center from 2003 to 2023. Patients <65 years of age were excluded from the study. Patient demographics were analyzed. Clinical notes and radiographic information were retrieved for all cases with positive histopathological findings to delineate any history of (1) atraumatic fractures, (2) prodromal pain and (3) radiological suspicion of pathological fractures. Any changes in subsequent management were also identified and analyzed.

Result: From the 1431 cases, the average age was 81.9 ± 7.91 years-old, with 986 females (68.9%). There has been a rising trend of femoral head biopsies over the past 20 years. Only 45 cases had a positive histological diagnosis (3.14%). Among which, 37 of them had radiological features of malignancy (82.2%). Thirty-five cases did not have a history of trauma prior to the fracture (77.8%) and 29 out of 44 cases had documented prodromal pain (64.4%). For the positive cases, just over half (26/45) experienced a change in the subsequent management plan. Majority of cases were managed by palliative intent with adjunctive radiotherapy or bisphosphonate therapy alone. Cost analysis showed the direct cost of pathological examination to be $395.78 USD per case, with an average of $12,585 per positive case. Only 1.8% of femoral neck biopsies were of clinical significance with change in management plans.

Conclusion: There is a low positive yield of femoral head biopsies with minimal change in management. Clinical history and radiological features can guide clinicians on the need for femoral head histopathology examinations.

Background: Despite advances in surgical care, disparities in functional recovery and mortality following hip fracture directly relate to racial, ethnic, and economic factors. Without a comprehensive method to model patients' diverse socioeconomic factors, researchers rely on proxies such as race and insurance status. The Distressed Community Index (DCI) score is a validated means of holistically estimating a patient's socioeconomic status, incorporating variables including community median income, unemployment, housing vacancies, education, business growth, and poverty rates.

Methods: The 2012-2014 100% Medicare Standard Analytical Files was queried, identifying patients surgically treated for isolated hip fractures. Individual socio-economic status was determined by linking residential ZIP codes with the DCI score. The study cohort was divided into 5 distinct tiers based on the DCI score: [0-20] (prosperous), [21-40] (comfortable), [41-60] (mid-tier), [61-80] (at risk), and >80 (distressed). Multi-variate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of increasing DCI score on 90-day complications, readmissions, and mortality.

Results: A total of 364 074 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients with lower DCI scores were more likely to receive care at teaching hospitals (13.1%) in urban settings (97.6%) than the Distressed tier (8.7% and 73.6%, respectively). The distressed group was at a significantly higher risk of urinary tract infections (OR 1.12; P < 0.001), pneumonia (OR 1.18; P < 0.001), and pressure ulcers (OR 1.09; P < 0.001). Patients in the distressed group were more likely to have emergency department visits (OR 1.12; P < 0.001) and had higher odds of mortality (OR 1.14; P < 0.001). With elevated DCI score there were lower rates of readmission (OR 0.91-0.95; P < 0.001) but this was not significant in the DCI >80 group.

Conclusions: Patients living in ZIP codes with high DCI score had higher risks of post-operative complications, including death, after hip fracture surgery. Integration of the DCI score into clinical practice may help to mitigate adverse outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.