Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation最新文献

Introduction: The management of low-energy pelvic fractures poses a multifaceted challenge in orthopedic and geriatric care. With an increasing prevalence of patients taking new oral anticoagulant medications, it is unclear, which patients with pelvis fractures will have a significant life threatening bleed. The aim of this study was to assess the main risk factors leading to blood transfusion and longer hospital stay in patients with low-energy pelvic fractures.

Materials and methods: This single center retrospective observational study was performed with reference to STROBE guidelines. Demographic data, bleeding risk factors as well as blood transfusion rates were recorded. Initially, a univariate regression analysis was performed to analyze factors associated with blood transfusion. Significant variables were selected and a multidimensional predictive model was built based on variables that showed a significant relationship with the transfusion occurrence.

Results: In total 167 patients were included in the study, there were 24 male and 143 female patients. The number of patients requiring blood transfusion was 20 (12%). Following univariate analysis, in final multivariate regression model, the only variable factors predicting the need for blood transfusion were low hemoglobin level on first hospital assessment (9.85 g/dl in transfused group vs 12 g/dl in non-transfused group, OR: 0.364, P < 0.005). First control hemoglobin check after 24 hours was also a significant predictor of transfusion (8.45 g/dl in transfused group vs 11.20 in non-transfused group, OR: 0.347, P < 0.005). The area under curve analysis for ROC showed good predictive accuracy for blood transfusion in patients with low haemoglobin level on first assessment (AUC = 0.9) and for first control haemoglobin (AUC = 0.88).

Conclusions: We suggest that all patients following low energy pelvic fractures have a haemoglobin level assessment in the emergency department. Patients with initial haemoglobin <10 g/dl should be considered for hospital admission and repeat blood tests within the first 24 hours.

Introduction: Geriatric femur fractures occur in complex hosts that pose significant challenges in perioperative management, with venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a well described complication. Hyperglycemia, prevalent in the perioperative period, has been implicated in increasing thrombotic risk. However, data on its impact on outcomes following femur fracture fixation in the elderly population remains limited.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on adults >60 years old undergoing operative fixation for femur fractures between January 2017 and December 2019. Demographic information, comorbidities, and outcomes were collected from electronic medical records.

Results: Six hundred and fourteen patients met inclusion criteria. The average age was 78.7 years (30.3% male; 25.0% with diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis). Patients with postoperative glucose ≥180 mg/dL had significantly higher rates of pulmonary embolism (PE) and VTE within 90 days, and glucose ≥180 mg/dL was an independent predictor for these events. Those with a DM diagnosis had higher rates of sepsis but not PE, VTE, or other complications compared to those without DM.

Conclusion: Acute perioperative hyperglycemia, regardless of DM diagnosis, is an independent risk factor for VTE and PE following geriatric femur fracture fixation. Strict glucose control in the postoperative period may improve outcomes in this patient population.

Introduction: Hip fractures, which result in a high rate of complications and mortality, are a major public health concern in aging societies. Physical restraint for older patients with hip fractures may be employed to ensure safety, continue medical treatment, and minimize the risk of harm to oneself or others. This study aimed to investigate the current practices of physical restraint use among hip fracture patients across 2 acute-care hospitals, as well as uncover factors associated with physical restraint in patients with hip fracture.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients aged ≥65 years who underwent surgery for hip fractures at two institutions. Physical restraint was applied in accordance with institutional guidelines, following thorough assessments by physicians and nurses and obtaining informed consent from the patient or their family. When we examined the independent associations of physical restraint during hospitalization, the Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: In total, 463 older patients with hip fractures were assessed. Among the included patients, 118 (25.5%) were subjected to physical restraint. Multivariable analysis revealed that 85 years or older (RR, 1.8; CI: 1.1-3.0), a BMI below 18.5 (RR, 1.8; CI: 1.4-2.5), dementia (RR, 2.3; CI: 1.7-3.1), stroke (RR, 1.5; CI: 1.1-2.0), impairment in physical function (RR, 3.1; CI: 1.2-8.3), and administration of antipsychotics (RR, 1.6; CI: 1.0-2.4) were significantly associated with the implementation of physical restraint.

Conclusions: This retrospective study provided real-world data regarding the use of physical restraint in older patients with hip fractures. Patients with older age, low BMI, dementia, stroke, impaired physical function, and administration of antipsychotics may be at high risk for the use of physical restraints. To minimize the use of physical restraints, future research for further data collection will be essential.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the 1-year mortality outcomes of elderly patients with hip fractures treated with either hemiarthroplasty (HA) or proximal femoral nailing (PFN), focusing on both intracapsular and extracapsular fractures.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 210 patients aged 60 years or older who underwent hip fracture surgery between January 2020 and December 2021. Patients were categorized into three groups: Group 1 (PFN for extracapsular fractures), Group 2 (HA for intracapsular fractures), and Group 3 (HA for extracapsular fractures). Demographic variables, surgical details, and 1-year mortality were analyzed.

Results: The overall 1-year mortality rate was 37.6%. Mortality was lowest in patients treated with PFN for extracapsular fractures and highest in those treated with HA for extracapsular fractures. Older age and male gender were associated with increased mortality, while female gender had a protective effect.

Conclusion: PFN should be considered the preferred surgical approach for elderly patients with extracapsular hip fractures due to its lower mortality and complication rates. HA, while effective for intracapsular fractures, presents higher risks in extracapsular cases. Tailoring surgical strategies to fracture type is essential to optimize patient outcomes.

Objective: As walking ability and balance deteriorate with age for bipedal humans, ambulating independently becomes cumbersome without using walking aids. However, age-related risk factors for loss of independent walking ability are not well characterized. We aimed to analyze the clinically relevant factors for ambulatory device aid from the perspectives of nutrition, body composition, and postural abnormalities between independent and assisted walkers based on their ambulatory status.

Methods: Among the 3640 patients aged ≥65 years initially enrolled in the study, 1557 patients with a history of fragility fractures were excluded. Patients were categorized into those who could walk independently and those who required assistance. Body composition, including skeletal muscle mass index, whole-spine sagittal alignment, and blood biochemical findings, were compared.

Results: Among the 2083 participants, 1323 and 760 were included in the independent and assisted groups, respectively. The logistic regression analysis identified five significant factors (P < 0.01): age, body mass index, red blood cell distribution width, skeletal muscle mass index, and sagittal vertical axis. The receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the threshold for assisted walking to be age 81.0 years, red blood cell distribution width of 14.0%, skeletal muscle mass index of 5.96 kg/m², and a sagittal vertical axis of 54.64 mm with areas under the curve of 0.727, 0.677, 0.645, and 0.708, respectively. Combining these four factors as propensity scores revealed an area under the curve of 0.768.

Conclusion: The comparison of independent and assisted walkers among older adults revealed the importance of age, red blood cell distribution width, skeletal muscle mass, and spinal sagittal balance as clinical factors of assisted walkers.

Background: Hemiarthroplasty is the primary treatment for displaced intracapsular hip fractures in frail patients. Implant selection is crucial to reduce reoperations, which carry a high complication risk. This study reports on reoperations, mortality, revisions, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following the use of the JRI (Joint Replacement Instrumentation Limited) Furlong Cemented Hemiarthroplasty prosthesis.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study at a major trauma centre in the United Kingdom. All intracapsular neck of femur patients aged over 60 who underwent cemented hip hemiarthroplasty with the JRI Furlong femoral stem over a 5 year period from January 2018 to December 2022 were included. The primary outcome measure was reoperation, including closed reduction of dislocation. Secondary outcome measures were dislocation specifically, revision, mortality and PROMs.

Results: 1183 patients in the study period (793 female, 390 male) with an average age of 84.3 were followed up to 6 years. For a subset of patients, PROMs were recorded at 4 months (n = 237) and 3 years (n = 215). The reoperation rate at 1 year was 1.13% (95% CI 0.64% to 1.99%), increasing to 1.62% (95% CI 0.95% to 2.75%) at 5 years. The 5-year revision rate was 0.68% (95% CI 0.39% to 1.55%); 5-year dislocation rate was 0.87% (95% CI 0.45% to 1.67%). Mean EQ5D utility score was 0.621 at 4 months and 0.603 at 3 years for those alive.

Conclusions: Our cohort shows low re-operation, revision and dislocation rates in the mid-term. We describe acceptable PROMS in the context of a frail population.

Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent issue among older patients with hip fracture and is significantly associated with poor outcomes. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) are nutritional screening tools that may assist in predicting outcomes in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GNRI and PNI on 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery in older patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 577 patients aged 60 years and older with hip fractures treated surgically at a single center from January 2018 to December 2021. Nutritional status was evaluated using GNRI and PNI. The primary outcomes were 180-day and 1-year mortality, while secondary outcomes included short-term postoperative complications and length of stay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for 1-year mortality. Subgroup analysis was employed to identify potential population heterogeneity.

Results: Patients with low GNRI and low PNI had significantly higher 1-year mortality rates and short-term postoperative complication rates compared to those with higher scores. Low GNRI was an independent risk factor for one-year mortality (95% CI 1.09 - 3.25, P = 0.022). Subgroup analyses revealed significant heterogeneity, with males patients and patients with ASA III-IV showing higher hazard ratios for 1-year mortality associated with low GNRI. Pulmonary infections and older age were also identified as independent risk factors for one-year mortality.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that low GNRI was the risk factor for 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery in older patients.

Background: Fragility fractures of the posterior pelvic ring are associated with osteoporosis and are becoming more common with demographic change. Known limitations of conservative therapy include a significant loss of autonomy and high mortality. Surgical stabilisation using percutaneous sacroiliac (SI) or trans-iliac trans-sacral (TITS) screws, has been established to increase mobility, but long-term results have not yet been studied.

Materials and methods: 138 patients with percutaneous SI and TITS screw fixation of the posterior pelvic ring in osteoporotic fragility fractures were followed up for more than a year postoperatively in this retrospective study. Thereby, all patients were operated in the conventional supine position in a hybrid operating room consisting of a fixed, robot-assisted 3D flat-panel detector and a navigation system.

Results: 34 patients were male and 104 female. The mean age was 77.6 ± 9 years. 26 patients were ASA 1 + 2, 93 patients ASA 3 and 19 patients ASA 4. 80 fractures were classified as FFP 2, 23 FFP 3 and 35 FFP 4. Time to surgery was 127.5 ± 113.2 hours. Hospitalisation lasted an average of 15.7 ± 8.5 days. At the time of discharge, 68.8% of the patients had regained their original mobility, while 31.2% remained limited. The home situation remained unchanged in 73.9% of the patients, worsened in 26.1% and improved in 2.8%. 90.6% of the screw fixations showed no signs of loosening. In 9.4%, loosening could not be ruled out radiologically, but a surgical revision was not necessary. The 1-year mortality rate was 10.1%.

Conclusion: Percutaneous navigated screw fixation of the posterior pelvic ring in fragility fractures is a simple, safe, minimally invasive and precise method with good clinical results in terms of rapid recovery with early mobilization of patients to maintain autonomy and reduce mortality. Further clinical studies with controlled cohorts and a large number of patients with long follow-up periods should be carried out to compare the procedure with other methods. In particular, the question of an additional standardized treatment of the anterior pelvic ring in unstable dislocated fragility fractures should be investigated.

Introduction: The posterior approach is widely used in hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. However, it has a high dislocation rate. In hemiarthroplasty, the joint capsule is commonly incised. This study aimed to identify a posterior surgical technique that completely preserves the joint capsule without incision and the use of special devices to remove the head, perform a trial, and place an implant. Further, the learning curves (LCs) of trainee surgeons and the associated complications of the posterior approach were evaluated via a retrospective case series. Materials and Methods: The LCs of trainee surgeons for surgical duration and volume of intraoperative blood loss in 60 cases were examined. The surgical procedures were conducted by three trainee surgeons for femoral neck fractures at a single institution between September 2018 and June 2021. Each surgeon consecutively performed 20 surgical procedures. Each surgeon's cases were divided into four groups, with 15 cases each: 1-5, group A; 6-10, group B; 11-15, group C; and 16-20, group D. Then, these cases were analyzed. Surgery-related complications, such as dislocation, femoral fractures, paralysis, and infection were investigated. Results: The four groups significantly differed in terms of the median operative duration (P = 0.017). In particular, there was a significant difference between groups A and C (P = 0.007) and between groups A and D (P = 0.006). There was an LC for the surgical duration. In 10 cases, the surgical duration was shorter. However, there was no significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss among the four groups. None of the patients presented with dislocation or major complications. Discussion and Conclusions: An LC was observed for the surgical duration in 10 cases among the trainee surgeons. Moreover, the volume of intraoperative blood loss did not significantly increase during the LC period.

Introduction: Patients with femoral neck fractures (FNF) have reduced walking ability owing to muscle weakness. Preoperative muscle volume and quality may have an association with prolonged rehabilitation and can be useful to predict the postoperative walking ability in patients with FNF. This study aimed to compare the muscle volume and computed tomography (CT)-assessed density around the hip joint in patients with FNF with patients having hip osteoarthritis (HOA) and assess the association of these measurement with postoperative walking ability.

Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study included 15 patients with FNF and 15 with unilateral HOA who were matched for age, sex, and osteoporosis medication. Muscle volume and CT-assessed density of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, and rectus abdominis on the unaffected side were measured three-dimensionally using 3D Slicer software with preoperative CT data. The associations of muscle measurement with patient background, load to FNF (measured using the finite element method), and pre- or postoperative walking ability were assessed.

Results: Muscle volume of gluteus maximus, CT-assessed density of all muscles, and femoral strength were significantly lower in the FNF group than in the OA group (P < .01, P < .01, and P = .04, respectively). Muscle volume showed a moderate-to-strong correlation with body mass index (r = 0.66-0.81) and FNF load (r = 0.51-0.70), and CT-assessed density showed a moderate correlation with serum nutritional markers (r = 0.33-0.60). Postoperative walking ability was significantly correlated with the muscle volumes of iliacus and gluteus maximus (r = 0.40 and 0.49) and CT-assessed density of all muscles (r = 0.47-0.64).

Conclusion: Muscle volume and CT-assessed density significantly correlated with femoral bone strength, serum total protein levels, and pre- and postoperative walking ability. These findings suggest that muscle CT analysis around the hip joint may serve as a valuable tool for assessing musculoskeletal status in patients with FNF.