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Total Mixed Ration Silages Based on Forage Cactus and Xerophile Legumes as Alternatives for Ruminants 以草料仙人掌和嗜干豆科植物为原料的全混合饲料青贮替代反刍动物
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091759
Rosane Rodrigues, Rosilda Lopes, F. N. Santos, E. M. Santos, A. Perazzo, A. Zanine, Raphael Silva, Eduarda Silva, Dilier Olivera-Viciedo, Michel Rocha, Maciel Teixeira, Antônio Marcos Santos, Kevin Veron, Bruno Eduardo Miranda, D. Ferreira
This study aims to evaluate the fermentative profile, fermentative losses, microbial populations, aerobic stability, chemical composition, and in situ degradability of total mixed ration silages based on forage cactus associated with xerophytic legumes. The treatments consisted of four total mixed ration silages based on forage cactus and concentrate (TMRC), associated with legumes such as Gliricidia sepium (TMRG), Leucaena (TMRL), and Senna obtusifolia (TMRS). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the evaluated treatments for the pH and NH3-N (% of total N) variables. The pH values remained within the ideal range, from 4.2 to 4.4, and the NH3-N content ranged from 2.21 to 0.85%. The dry matter recovery for the evaluated treatments averaged 89%. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts ranged from 5.0 to 6.3 log CFU/g among the evaluated silages, with TMRC presenting the lowest count at 5 log CFU/g in comparison with the total mixed ration silages associated with legume plants. All of the total mixed ration silages associated with legumes presented an average mold count of 3.3 log CFU/g. Yeast populations were observed only for TMRG at 5 log CFU/g. A higher aerobic stability was observed for TMRC, followed by TMRG and then TMRS. In conclusion, the total mixed ration silages associated with G. sepium and S. obtusifolia can be recommended based on their fermentation and nutritional value.
本研究旨在评价以牧草仙人掌和旱生豆科植物为原料的全混合日粮青贮的发酵特性、发酵损失、微生物数量、有氧稳定性、化学成分和原位降解性。以牧草仙人掌和浓缩物(TMRC)为基础,配以豆科植物细叶仙人掌(TMRG)、合家乐(TMRL)和塞纳(TMRS) 4种全混合日粮青贮处理。pH和NH3-N(占总氮的百分比)各处理间差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。pH值在4.2 ~ 4.4范围内,NH3-N含量在2.21 ~ 0.85%范围内。各处理的干物质回收率平均为89%。所评价青贮的乳酸菌(LAB)数量在5.0 ~ 6.3 log CFU/g之间,与豆科植物相关的混合日粮青贮相比,TMRC的乳酸菌数量最低,为5 log CFU/g。所有与豆类相关的混合日粮青贮平均霉菌数为3.3 log CFU/g。当TMRG浓度为5 log CFU/g时,只观察到酵母群体。TMRC的有氧稳定性较高,其次是TMRG,然后是TMRS。综上所述,从发酵和营养价值两方面考虑,可推荐以黄曲霉和黑曲霉为配种的全混合日粮青贮。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Multi-Dimensional Vectors on China’s Agricultural Products Export: Based on fsQCA 多维向量对中国农产品出口的影响——基于fsQCA
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091760
Xiaomiao Yin, Lirong Xing, Chunxiao Cui
Since 2004, China has been experiencing persistent and significant agricultural trade deficits. The longstanding unfavorable balance has induced a series of problems that require urgent attention. The fundamental approach to narrow the agricultural trade gap is to increase agricultural exports. Based on the cultural, institutional, geographical, and economic theoretical framework and using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis configurational approach, this study clarifies the configurational paths of the impact of multi-dimensional vectors on China’s agricultural exports in recent years. The findings show that (1) the multi-dimensional vectors configuration paths from 2016 to 2020 have certain similarities, and the impact paths are relatively stable; (2) the configuration paths of multi-dimensional vectors are different when comparison involves’ China’s high-level and non-high-level agricultural exports; (3) all the four vectors simultaneously affect high-level agricultural exports; and the absence of cultural and institutional vectors influence China’s non-high-level agricultural exports. Therefore, policymakers should note that one size does not fit all in promoting agricultural exports and that improving the overseas dissemination of a country’s culture and its institutional policies can greatly increase agricultural exports.
自2004年以来,中国一直经历着持续而巨大的农业贸易逆差。长期的逆差导致了一系列亟待关注的问题。缩小农产品贸易逆差的根本途径是增加农产品出口。本研究基于文化、制度、地理和经济的理论框架,运用模糊集定性比较分析配置方法,厘清了近年来多维向量对中国农产品出口影响的配置路径。结果表明:(1)2016 - 2020年的多维向量配置路径具有一定的相似性,且影响路径相对稳定;(2)中国高水平和非高水平农产品出口的多维向量配置路径不同;(3)四种媒介同时影响高水平农产品出口;文化和制度载体的缺失影响了中国的非高水平农产品出口。因此,政策制定者应该注意,在促进农业出口方面,一种方式并不适用于所有人,改善一个国家文化的海外传播及其制度政策可以大大增加农业出口。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphorus Balance in Sandy Soil Subjected to 12 Years of Successive Applications of Animal Manure and Mineral Phosphate Fertilizer in Subtropical Climate 亚热带气候下连续施用动物粪便和矿物磷肥12年沙土磷平衡
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091762
Carina Marchezan, P. Ferreira, G. Boitt, Natalia Moreira Palermo, Anamariya Thoma, R. F. Vidal, Gustavo Scopel, C. R. Lourenzi, C. Ceretta, G. Brunetto
Assessing the phosphorus (P) balance in agricultural soils is crucial for optimizing its use and reducing contamination risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different animal wastes on the distribution of P in soil profiles subjected to 12 years of successive applications of animal wastes and mineral phosphate fertilizer, within a crop rotation system under no-till system. The study was conducted from 2004 to 2016 in the southern region of Brazil. The treatments were the applications of pig slurry (PS), cattle slurry (CS), pig deep-litter (PD), mineral fertilizer (MF), and a control treatment without application. The highest accumulation of P and its movement was observed in the 0–40 cm layer, in the soil submitted to applications of all P sources. The inputs of P via MF, CS, PS, and PD promoted the accumulation of 18, 42, 48, and 100 kg P ha−1 year−1. The P mass balance showed that between 77 and 98% of the P added by animal manure and MF was accounted for in grain exports (17–34%), soil storage (41–72%), and post-harvest residues (<1%), with the remaining 2–33%, unaccounted for, which was attributed, especially, to P transfer at the soil surface.
评估农业土壤的磷平衡对于优化其利用和降低污染风险至关重要。本研究的目的是评价在免耕制度下连续施用动物粪便和矿物磷肥12年的轮作制度下,不同动物粪便对土壤剖面P分布的影响。该研究于2004年至2016年在巴西南部地区进行。分别施用猪浆(PS)、牛浆(CS)、猪深窝肥(PD)、矿物肥(MF)和不施用的对照处理。在所有磷源施用的土壤中,0 ~ 40 cm土层的磷积累和运移最高。通过MF、CS、PS和PD输入的磷分别促进了18、42、48和100 kg /年的磷肥积累。磷的质量平衡表明,畜禽粪便和饲料中添加的磷有77 ~ 98%来自粮食出口(17 ~ 34%)、土壤储存(41 ~ 72%)和收获后残留物(<1%),其余2 ~ 33%来自土壤表面的磷转移。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Income on Rural Residents’ Retirement Saving: Evidence from China 收入对农村居民退休储蓄的影响:来自中国的证据
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091756
Ruiting Sun, Xueping Xiong
Population aging is a fundamental national condition that runs through China in the 21st century. The aging degree of rural areas in China is high, but the government-sponsored retirement plans have difficulty in meeting the retirement living needs. Guiding rural residents to save for retirement is the main way to alleviate the economic pressure of retirement life in rural areas. This paper uses data from the CAFF50 Survey to examine the impact of income level and income uncertainty on the retirement saving behavior of rural residents. Different from existing literature, this paper categorizes the retirement saving behavior into three aspects: “retirement saving decision”, “retirement saving amount”, and “retirement saving way choice”. The results show the following: (1) Income level has a positive impact on the retirement saving decision, saving amount, the choice of real estate, and a negative impact on the choice of bank savings. (2) Income uncertainty has a positive impact on retirement saving decision, the choice of stock and fund, and a negative impact on the choice of bank savings, but the impact of income uncertainty on the amount is not significant. (3) There is an interaction effect between income level and income uncertainty on the impact on retirement saving amount, bank savings choice, and real estate choice. Based on the above conclusions, we think that it is necessary to increase fiscal subsidies and tax incentives, optimize retirement financial products, provide retirement financial education, and increase the participation enthusiasm of rural residents in retirement savings.
人口老龄化是21世纪贯穿中国的基本国情。中国农村人口老龄化程度高,政府资助的养老计划难以满足农村居民的养老生活需求。引导农村居民进行养老储蓄是缓解农村退休生活经济压力的主要途径。本文利用CAFF50调查的数据,考察了收入水平和收入不确定性对农村居民退休储蓄行为的影响。与已有文献不同,本文将退休储蓄行为分为“退休储蓄决策”、“退休储蓄金额”和“退休储蓄方式选择”三个方面。结果表明:(1)收入水平对退休储蓄决策、储蓄金额、房地产选择有正向影响,对银行储蓄选择有负向影响。(2)收入不确定性对退休储蓄决策、股票和基金选择有正向影响,对银行储蓄选择有负向影响,但收入不确定性对金额的影响不显著。(3)收入水平和收入不确定性对退休储蓄金额、银行储蓄选择和房地产选择的影响存在交互作用。基于以上结论,我们认为有必要加大财政补贴和税收激励力度,优化退休理财产品,开展退休理财教育,提高农村居民参与退休储蓄的积极性。
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引用次数: 0
Alleviation of Stripe Rust Disease in Wheat Seedlings Using Three Different Species of Trichoderma spp. 3种不同木霉防治小麦幼苗条锈病的研究
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091755
Amira M. I. Mourad, Andreas Börner, S. Esmail
Wheat stripe rust (WSR) caused by Puccinia striiformis F. tritici Erikss. (Pst) is one of the serious diseases that affect wheat planting areas around the world. Many efforts have been made to control such a serious disease including using fungicides and breeding highly resistant genotypes. However, due to Pst’s ability to produce new races that overcome these fungicides and break the resistance in the highly resistant genotypes, looking for other effective ways to restrict this disease is urgently required. One of the highly effective ways of controlling crop diseases is using biological control. In this study, the efficiency of three different Trichoderma species (Trichoderma asperellum T34, Trichoderma harzianum (TH), and Trichoderma verdinium (TV)) was tested in a set of 34 wheat genotypes at the seedling stage. The evaluation was conducted in two experiments with two different temperature regimes. In each experiment, four treatments were applied, namely, control, T34, TV, and TH. High genetic variation was found among all genotypes in each experiment and under each Trichoderma treatment. Notably, the symptoms of WSR were affected by temperature under all treatments except T34, which had a stable performance in the two experiments. The 34 studied genotypes were highly diverse, related to ten different countries, and consisted of durum and bread wheat. Out of the three studied Trichoderma species, T34 was able to improve WSR resistance in all the studied genotypes suggesting its effectiveness in inducing the resistance and producing a priming response in different wheat genetic backgrounds. The results of this study provided very useful information on the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. in controlling WSR.
小麦条锈病(WSR)是由小麦条锈病引起的。小麦黑穗病是影响世界小麦种植区的主要病害之一。为了控制这种严重的疾病,人们做出了许多努力,包括使用杀菌剂和培育高抗性基因型。然而,由于Pst能够产生新的小种来克服这些杀菌剂并打破高抗性基因型的抗性,因此迫切需要寻找其他有效的方法来限制这种疾病。生物防治是防治作物病害的有效方法之一。本研究对3种不同的木霉(asperellum Trichoderma T34, Trichoderma harzianum (TH), Trichoderma verdinium (TV))在一组34个小麦基因型的苗期进行了效率试验。在两种不同的温度条件下进行了两个实验。每个试验采用对照、T34、TV、TH 4个处理。在每个试验和每个木霉处理下,所有基因型之间存在较高的遗传变异。值得注意的是,除T34外,其他处理的WSR症状均受温度影响,T34在两个实验中表现稳定。研究的34个基因型高度多样化,涉及10个不同的国家,包括硬粒小麦和面包小麦。在3个研究的木霉品种中,T34在所有研究的基因型中都能提高小麦对WSR的抗性,这表明它在不同的小麦遗传背景下都能有效地诱导小麦对WSR的抗性并产生启动反应。本研究结果为木霉防治白斑病的有效性提供了非常有用的信息。
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引用次数: 1
Blockchain-Based Traceability for Agricultural Products: A Systematic Literature Review 基于区块链的农产品可追溯性:系统文献综述
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091757
Guangjie Lv, Caixia Song, Pengmin Xu, Zhiguo Qi, Heyu Song, Yi Liu
In recent years, with the frequent crises of trust in the food industry, food safety issues have become an issue of particular concern to consumers. The traditional agricultural food logistics and transportation model can no longer guarantee the traceability of food safety information, and it is particularly important to establish an effective traceability system. Therefore, a traceability system is applied as a tool to assist in the assurance of food safety and quality, as well as to achieve consumer confidence. Blockchain is a new decentralized infrastructure and distributed computing paradigm that has gradually emerged. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, immutable information and trustworthiness. When blockchain is applied to the traceability system of agricultural products, the quality of agricultural products will be well guaranteed. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent research efforts on traceability in agricultural products based on blockchain technology. First, the method of content analysis used in this article to sort out the papers is introduced. Second, the background concepts of blockchain and the key technologies are presented. Thirdly, the traceability applications based on blockchain technology for agricultural products are described in detail. Finally, we expand on the current trends and provide new perspectives pertaining to this exciting application of this field.
近年来,随着食品行业信任危机频发,食品安全问题成为消费者特别关注的问题。传统的农业食品物流运输模式已不能保证食品安全信息的可追溯性,建立有效的可追溯体系显得尤为重要。因此,可追溯系统被用作一种工具,以协助确保食品安全和质量,并获得消费者的信心。区块链是一种逐渐出现的新的去中心化基础设施和分布式计算范式。区块链具有去中心化、信息不可变、可信等特点。当区块链应用于农产品可追溯系统时,农产品的质量将得到很好的保证。本文综述了近年来基于区块链技术的农产品可追溯性研究进展。首先,介绍了本文所采用的内容分析法对论文进行整理。其次,介绍了区块链的背景概念和关键技术。第三,详细描述了基于区块链技术的农产品溯源应用。最后,我们对当前的趋势进行了扩展,并提供了有关该领域令人兴奋的应用的新观点。
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引用次数: 1
Nutritional and Antinutritional Potentials of Sorghum: A Comparative Study among Different Sorghum Landraces of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 高粱的营养和抗营养潜力:埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷不同地方高粱品种的比较研究
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091753
Tesfakiros Semere, Y. Tsehaye, Lijalem Tareke, O. Westengen, S. Fjellheim
Sorghum is one of the staple food crops in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Despite this, limited research attention was given to the nutritional and antinutritional profiling of sorghum. Thus, this research was initiated to profile and evaluate the variabilities in protein, starch, minerals, flavonoid, tannin, and antioxidant activities among sorghum landraces of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Protein and starch were analyzed using an infrared spectrophotometer, whereas mineral elements were estimated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and phosphomolybdenum assays. The result revealed significant variation among the landraces for all the evaluated parameters. Protein and starch contents ranged from 6.21 to 18% and 33.42 to 78.30%, respectively. Wider variations were observed for Fe (32–101), Zn (16.9–42.98), Cu (1.48–5.25), Mn (9.21–20.23), and Cr (0–1.5) as measured in mg/100 g. The variabilities were high for total flavonoid (0–665 mg CE/g) and tannin (0.18–7.5 mgCE/100 g). DPPH (EC50 = 29.09–818.37 µg/mL), ferric reducing antioxidant power (17.85–334.81 mgAAE/g), and total antioxidant activity (1.71–63.88 mgBHTE/g) were also highly variable among the samples. The relationship between seed color and phenolics, as well as antioxidant activities, are discussed. Multivariate analysis revealed that the landraces were clustered into four distinct groups. The rich genetic diversity in the nutritional and antinutritional attributes may be an opportunity for breeding for grain quality improvements of sorghum that, in turn, helps in addressing malnutrition.
高粱是埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷的主要粮食作物之一。尽管如此,对高粱的营养和抗营养特性的研究仍然有限。因此,本研究旨在分析和评估埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷地区高粱地方品种在蛋白质、淀粉、矿物质、类黄酮、单宁和抗氧化活性方面的差异。蛋白质和淀粉用红外分光光度计分析,而矿物元素用原子吸收分光光度计估计。通过DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶肼基)自由基清除、铁还原抗氧化能力和磷钼测定来分析其抗氧化活性。结果显示各地方品种间各评价参数存在显著差异。蛋白质和淀粉含量分别为6.21% ~ 18%和33.42% ~ 78.30%。以mg/100 g计,Fe(32-101)、Zn(16.9-42.98)、Cu(1.48-5.25)、Mn(9.21-20.23)和Cr(0-1.5)的差异更大。总黄酮(0 ~ 665 mgCE/ g)和单宁(0.18 ~ 7.5 mgCE/100 g)、DPPH (EC50 = 29.09 ~ 818.37µg/mL)、铁还原抗氧化能力(17.85 ~ 334.81 mgAAE/g)和总抗氧化活性(1.71 ~ 63.88 mgBHTE/g)在不同样品间的差异也很大。讨论了种子颜色与酚类物质及其抗氧化活性的关系。多变量分析显示,地方品种可分为四个不同的类群。丰富的遗传多样性在营养和抗营养属性可能是一个机会,育种提高高粱的粮食品质,反过来,有助于解决营养不良问题。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Differential Steering Dynamics Control of Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Tractor 四轮独立驱动电动拖拉机差速转向动力学控制研究
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091758
Yuhui An, Lin Wang, Xiaoting Deng, Hao Chen, Zhixiong Lu, Tao Wang
Traditional tractors can only achieve steering through mechanical structures such as steering knuckles and steering trapezoids. Among them, the mechanical structure is more complex, and various parts are easily damaged, making the tractor malfunction. The four-wheel independent drive differential steering mode differs from the traditional Ackermann steering mode, which realizes steering by controlling the inner and outer wheel torque, which can accurately steer the working state of high-end agricultural machinery equipment and improve the operating efficiency of agricultural machinery equipment. Aiming at the dynamic control problem in the steering of electric tractor four-wheel independent drive, a layered control strategy based on the sliding mode control of yaw torque at the upper level and the optimal torque distribution level based on the mean load rate of vehicle tires at the lower was proposed. By analyzing the differential steering mechanism of a four-wheel independent drive, a dynamic model of differential steering of the electric tractor is established, and a dynamic controller of a four-wheel independent drive is designed according to the layered control strategy. The upper controller tracks and controls the expected yaw speed on the basis of the sliding mode control to track the driver’s intention, and the lower controller realizes the optimal torque distribution based on the principle of the optimal average load rate of the vehicle tire to ensure the steering stability of the electric tractor. The effect of the controller was simulated and analyzed under typical conditions of double line shift, serpentine, and step. The results showed that the sliding mode controller is better than the PID controller in driver intention tracking. Compared with the average allocation strategy, the average maximum load rate of the vehicle tire under the three working conditions is reduced by 16.9%, 13.8%, and 17.3%, respectively, which proves the effectiveness of the layered control strategy. In the real car test, the sliding mode controller is better than the PID controller in the driver intention tracking. This study has important guiding significance for improving the maneuverability and stability of electric tractors.
传统拖拉机只能通过转向节、转向梯形等机械结构来实现转向。其中,机械结构较为复杂,各部件容易损坏,使拖拉机出现故障。四轮独立驱动差速转向方式不同于传统的阿克曼转向方式,通过控制内外轮转矩实现转向,能够准确转向高端农机设备的工作状态,提高农机设备的运行效率。针对电动拖拉机四轮独立驱动转向系统中的动态控制问题,提出了一种基于上一级偏航转矩滑模控制和下一级基于车辆轮胎平均载重率的最优转矩分配水平的分层控制策略。通过对四轮独立驱动差动转向机理的分析,建立了电动拖拉机差动转向动力学模型,并根据分层控制策略设计了四轮独立驱动的动态控制器。上控制器在滑模控制的基础上对期望偏航速度进行跟踪控制,跟踪驾驶员意图,下控制器根据车辆轮胎最优平均负载量原则实现最优转矩分配,保证电动拖拉机转向稳定性。对该控制器在双线移位、蛇形和阶跃等典型工况下的控制效果进行了仿真分析。结果表明,滑模控制器在驾驶员意图跟踪方面优于PID控制器。与平均分配策略相比,三种工况下车辆轮胎的平均最大载重率分别降低了16.9%、13.8%和17.3%,证明了分层控制策略的有效性。在实车测试中,滑模控制器在驾驶员意图跟踪方面优于PID控制器。该研究对提高电动拖拉机的机动性和稳定性具有重要的指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling Drought Tolerance and Sensitivity in Coffee Genotypes: Insights from Seed Traits, Germination, and Growth-Physiological Responses 揭示咖啡基因型的耐旱性和敏感性:来自种子性状、发芽和生长生理反应的见解
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091754
Habtamu Chekol, Yimegnu Bezuayehu, B. Warkineh, T. Shimber, A. Mierek‐Adamska, Grażyna B. Dąbrowska, Asfaw Degu
The coffee plant is highly susceptible to drought, and different genotypes exhibit varying degrees of tolerance to low soil moisture. The goal of this work was to explore the interrelation between seed traits and germination events, growth patterns, and physiological responses of coffee genotypes, aiming to identify significant associations that may facilitate the selection of coffee genotypes exhibiting enhanced drought tolerance and yield potential. Two consecutive experiments were conducted to examine the impact of these factors. In the first experiment, germination performance was examined for three groups of coffee genotypes: relatively tolerant (Ca74140, Ca74112, and Ca74110), moderately sensitive (Ca74158, Ca74165, and CaJ-21), and sensitive (Ca754, CaJ-19, and CaGeisha). The subsequent experiment focused on the growth and physiological responses of two relatively tolerant (Ca74110 and Ca74112) and two sensitive (CaJ-19 and Ca754) genotypes under drought stress condition. The relatively tolerant genotypes showed quicker and more complete germination compared to other groups. This was associated with higher moisture content, higher seed surface area to volume ratio, and higher coefficient of velocity of germination, coefficient of variation of germination time, and germination index. Additionally, the relatively tolerant genotypes showed higher seedling vigor. The results of the second experiment demonstrated superior growth performance in relative tolerant genotypes compared to the sensitive groups. Young coffee plants belonging to relatively tolerant genotypes exhibited higher growth performance than the sensitive genotypes, with a net assimilation rate strongly correlated to relative water content, leaf number, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll-a. In addition, a strong correlation was exhibited between the growth of young coffee plants and the surface area to volume ratio of the seeds, as well as the germination percentage. The seedling vigor index showed a strong correlation with net assimilation rate, chlorophyll content, seedling growth, and cell membrane stability. Furthermore, principal component analysis illustrated distinct clustering of genotypes based on their germination and growth-physiological performance. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that seed traits, germination, and post-germination events are integral factors in determining drought tolerance and sensitivity, as well as the growth and physiological responses of adult coffee plants.
咖啡树对干旱非常敏感,不同的基因型对低土壤水分的耐受性不同。本研究的目的是探索种子性状与咖啡基因型萌发事件、生长模式和生理反应之间的相互关系,旨在发现可能有助于选择具有增强耐旱性和产量潜力的咖啡基因型的重要关联。我们进行了两个连续的实验来检验这些因素的影响。在第一个试验中,研究了三组咖啡基因型的萌发性能:相对耐受性(Ca74140、Ca74112和Ca74110)、中度敏感性(Ca74158、Ca74165和CaJ-21)和敏感性(Ca754、CaJ-19和caageisha)。随后的试验重点研究了干旱胁迫条件下2个相对耐受性基因型(Ca74110和Ca74112)和2个敏感性基因型(CaJ-19和Ca754)的生长和生理响应。相对耐受性较强的基因型相比其他组萌发更快、更完全。这与较高的水分含量、较高的种子表面积体积比、较高的发芽速度系数、发芽时间变异系数和发芽指数有关。此外,相对耐受的基因型表现出较高的幼苗活力。第二个试验的结果表明,相对耐受基因型的生长性能优于敏感组。相对耐受型咖啡幼树的生长性能高于敏感型,净同化速率与相对含水量、叶片数、气孔导度和叶绿素-a密切相关。此外,咖啡幼苗的生长与种子的表面积体积比和发芽率有很强的相关性。幼苗活力指数与净同化率、叶绿素含量、幼苗生长和细胞膜稳定性有较强的相关性。此外,主成分分析表明,基于发芽和生长生理性能的基因型具有明显的聚类性。总的来说,本研究的结果表明,种子性状、萌发和萌发后事件是决定成年咖啡树耐旱性和敏感性以及生长和生理反应的重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution Characteristics and Factors Influencing Culturable Bacterial Bioaerosols on a Dairy Farm in Northern China 中国北方某奶牛场可培养细菌生物气溶胶分布特征及影响因素
IF 3.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-03 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13091752
Lin Ru, Luyu Ding, Shuhui Deng, Qifeng Li, Wanying Zhao, Rong Wang, Jiawei Li, Yujian Lu, Chunxia Yao
Studying the distribution characteristics of bioaerosols and their interaction with the environment is crucial for dairy farms. The distribution of aerosols differs in dairy farming from farming of other livestock, and their sensitivity to environmental factors varies across sites. Field experiments were conducted in an intensive commercial dairy farm in Northern China to investigate the horizontal and vertical distribution of culturable bacterial bioaerosols. Concentration levels and particle size ranges were analyzed, and the impact of multiple environmental factors on culturable bacterial bioaerosols was assessed. Significant variations in culturable bacterial bioaerosol concentrations were observed across eight functional zones, ranging from 1.14 × 103 to 7.35 × 103 CFU/m3. Culturable bacterial bioaerosols exhibited consistent carrier distribution patterns across six different size ranges. Vertical analysis revealed significantly higher culturable bacterial bioaerosol concentrations at a 1 m height compared to 4 m (p < 0.05), while similar size distributions were observed at different heights of the same sampling location. The top three environmental factors influencing culturable bacterial bioaerosol concentrations were PM100 concentration, wind direction, and air temperature. This study provides insights into the distribution characteristics of culturable bacterial bioaerosols on dairy farms and their response to environmental factors. The findings serve as a reference for evaluating bioaerosol emissions and establishing daily disinfection management measures on dairy farms.
研究生物气溶胶的分布特征及其与环境的相互作用对奶牛场至关重要。气溶胶在奶牛养殖中的分布不同于其他牲畜养殖,它们对环境因素的敏感性也因地而异。在中国北方的一个集约化商业奶牛场进行了野外试验,研究了可培养细菌生物气溶胶的水平和垂直分布。分析了可培养细菌生物气溶胶的浓度水平和粒径范围,并评估了多种环境因素对可培养细菌生物气溶胶的影响。8个功能区的可培养细菌生物气溶胶浓度变化显著,范围为1.14 × 103 ~ 7.35 × 103 CFU/m3。可培养细菌生物气溶胶在六个不同大小范围内表现出一致的载体分布模式。垂直分析显示,1 m高度的可培养细菌生物气溶胶浓度显著高于4 m (p < 0.05),而同一采样位置不同高度的可培养细菌生物气溶胶浓度分布大小相似。影响可培养细菌生物气溶胶浓度的前3位环境因子是PM100浓度、风向和气温。本研究揭示了可培养细菌生物气溶胶在奶牛场的分布特征及其对环境因子的响应。研究结果可为奶牛养殖场生物气溶胶排放评价及制定日常消毒管理措施提供参考。
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Agriculture-Basel
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