Digital Communications and Networks最新文献_第6页

Research and experimental validation for 3GPP ISAC channel modeling standardization 3GPP ISAC信道建模标准化研究与实验验证

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.06.006

Yuxiang Zhang , Jianhua Zhang , Jiwei Zhang , Yuanpeng Pei , Yameng Liu , Lei Tian , Tao Jiang , Guangyi Liu

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is considered a key technology in 6G networks. An accurate sensing channel model is crucial for the design and sensing performance evaluation of ISAC systems. The widely used Geometry-Based Stochastic Model (GBSM), typically applied in standardized channel modeling, mainly focuses on the statistical fading characteristics of the channel. However, it fails to capture the characteristics of targets in ISAC systems, such as their positions and velocities, as well as the impact of the targets on the background. To address this issue, this paper proposes an Extended-GBSM (E-GBSM) sensing channel model that incorporates newly discovered channel characteristics into a unified modeling framework. In this framework, the sensing channel is divided into target and background channels. For the target channel, the model introduces a concatenated modeling approach, while for the background channel, a parameter called the power control factor is introduced to assess impact of the target on the background channel, making the modeling framework applicable to both mono-static and bi-static sensing modes. To validate the proposed model's effectiveness, measurements of target and background channels are conducted across a wide range of indoor and outdoor scenarios, covering various sensing targets such as metal plates, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, human bodies, unmanned aerial vehicles, and vehicles. The experimental results provide important theoretical support and empirical data for the standardization of ISAC channel modeling.

集成传感和通信（ISAC）被认为是6G网络的关键技术。准确的感知通道模型对ISAC系统的设计和感知性能评估至关重要。基于几何的随机模型（GBSM）主要关注信道的统计衰落特性，是标准化信道建模的典型应用。然而，它不能捕捉ISAC系统中目标的特征，如目标的位置和速度，以及目标对背景的影响。为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种扩展gbsm （E-GBSM）感知信道模型，该模型将新发现的信道特征整合到统一的建模框架中。在该框架中，传感通道分为目标通道和背景通道。对于目标通道，该模型引入了一种串联建模方法，而对于背景通道，引入了一个称为功率控制因子的参数来评估目标对背景通道的影响，使建模框架适用于单静态和双静态传感模式。为了验证所提出模型的有效性，在广泛的室内和室外场景中进行了目标和背景通道的测量，涵盖了各种传感目标，如金属板，可重构智能表面，人体，无人驾驶飞行器和车辆。实验结果为ISAC通道建模的标准化提供了重要的理论支持和经验数据。

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引用次数: 0

A blockchain-based efficient traceability authentication scheme in VANET VANET中基于区块链的高效可追溯性认证方案

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.04.013

Junhui Zhao , Yingxuan Guo , Longxia Liao , Dongming Wang

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a platform that facilitates Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) interconnection. However, its open communication channels and high-speed mobility introduce security and privacy vulnerabilities. Anonymous authentication is crucial in ensuring secure communication and privacy protection in VANET. However, existing anonymous authentication schemes are prone to single points of failure and often overlook the efficient tracking of the true identities of malicious vehicles after pseudonym changes. To address these challenges, we propose an efficient anonymous authentication scheme for blockchain-based VANET. By leveraging blockchain technology, our approach addresses the challenges of single points of failure and high latency, thereby enhancing the service stability and scalability of VANET. The scheme integrates homomorphic encryption and elliptic curve cryptography, allowing vehicles to independently generate new pseudonyms when entering a new domain without third-party assistance. Security analyses and simulation results demonstrate that our scheme achieves effective anonymous authentication in VANET. Moreover, the roadside unit can process 500 messages per 19 ms. As the number of vehicles in the communication domain grows, our scheme exhibits superior message-processing capabilities.

VANET （Vehicular Ad-hoc Network）是一个促进V2X （Vehicle-to-Everything）互联的平台。然而，其开放的通信渠道和高速的移动性带来了安全和隐私漏洞。匿名认证对于确保VANET中的安全通信和隐私保护至关重要。然而，现有的匿名认证方案容易出现单点故障，并且往往忽略了在假名更改后对恶意车辆真实身份的有效跟踪。为了应对这些挑战，我们为基于区块链的VANET提出了一种高效的匿名认证方案。通过利用区块链技术，我们的方法解决了单点故障和高延迟的挑战，从而增强了VANET的服务稳定性和可扩展性。该方案集成了同态加密和椭圆曲线加密，允许车辆在无需第三方协助的情况下，在进入新域时独立生成新的假名。安全性分析和仿真结果表明，该方案在VANET环境下实现了有效的匿名认证。此外，路边装置每19毫秒可处理500条信息。随着通信领域中车辆数量的增长，我们的方案显示出优越的消息处理能力。

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引用次数: 0

An ultra energy-saving mechanism based on beacon signals for 6G networks 6G网络中基于信标信号的超节能机制

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.05.005

Ailin Deng , Xiaoqian Li , Gang Feng , Lu Guan

Terahertz (THz) and millimeter Wave (mmWave) have been considered as potential frequency bands for 6G cellular systems to meet the need of ultra-high data rates. However, indoor communications could be blocked in THz/mmW cellular systems due to the high free-space propagation loss. Deploying a large number of small base stations indoors has been considered as a promising solution for solving indoor coverage problems. However, base station dense deployment leads to a significant increase in system energy consumption. In this paper, we develop a novel ultra-efficient energy-saving mechanism with the aim of reducing energy consumption in 6G distributed indoor base station scenarios. Unlike the existing relevant protocol framework of 3GPP, which operates the cellular system based on constant system signaling messages (including cell ID, cell reselection information, etc.), the proposed mechanism eliminates the need for system messages. The intuition comes from the observation that the probability of having no users within the coverage area of an indoor base station is high, hence continuously sending system messages to guarantee the quality of service is unnecessary in indoor scenarios. Specifically, we design a dedicated beacon signal to detect whether there are users in the coverage area of the base station and switch off the main communication module when there are no active users for energy saving. The beacon frame structure is carefully designed based on the existing 3GPP specifications with minimal protocol modifications, and the protocol parameters involved are optimized. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce the system energy from the order of tens of watts to the order of hundreds of milliwatts. Compared to traditional energy-saving schemes, the proposed mechanism achieves an average energy-saving gain of 58%, with a peak energy-saving gain of 90%.

太赫兹（THz）和毫米波（mmWave）被认为是6G蜂窝系统的潜在频段，以满足超高数据速率的需求。然而，在太赫兹/毫米波蜂窝系统中，由于高自由空间传播损耗，室内通信可能会受阻。在室内部署大量的小型基站被认为是解决室内覆盖问题的一个很有前途的解决方案。然而，基站密集部署导致系统能耗显著增加。在本文中，我们开发了一种新的超高效节能机制，旨在降低6G分布式室内基站场景下的能耗。与3GPP现有的相关协议框架基于恒定的系统信令消息（包括小区ID、小区重选信息等）来运行蜂窝系统不同，该机制消除了对系统消息的需求。直觉来自于观察到室内基站覆盖区域内没有用户的概率很高，因此在室内场景下，不需要持续发送系统消息来保证服务质量。具体来说，我们设计了专用的信标信号，用于检测基站覆盖区域内是否有用户，在没有活跃用户时关闭主通信模块，实现节能。在现有3GPP规范的基础上精心设计信标帧结构，尽量减少协议修改，并对涉及的协议参数进行优化。仿真结果表明，该机制可将系统能量从几十瓦降低到几百毫瓦。与传统节能方案相比，该机制的平均节能增益为58%，峰值节能增益为90%。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated sensing and communication empowered by resilient massive access in SAGIN: An energy efficient perspective 综合传感和通信在SAGIN弹性大规模访问授权：一个节能的角度

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.05.016

Mingliang Pang , Wupeng Xie , Chaowei Wang , Jiabin Chen , Shuai Yan , Fan Jiang , Lexi Xu , Junyi Zhang , Kuoye Han

As key technologies in 6G, Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) promises to provide seamless global coverage through a comprehensive, ubiquitous communication system, while Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) effectively addresses spectrum congestion by sharing spectrum resources and transceivers for simultaneous communication and sensing operations. However, existing ISAC research has primarily focused on terrestrial networks, with limited exploration of its applications in SAGIN environments. This paper proposes a novel SAGIN-ISAC scheme leveraging High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS). In this scheme, HAPS serves as a relay node that not only amplifies and forwards communication signals but also receives and processes target echo signals for parameter estimation. The satellite employs Resilient Massive Access (RMA) to provide communication services to different User Terminals (UTs). To address scenarios with an unknown number of targets, we develop a Two-threshold Detection and Parameter Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm (TDPM), which employs dual-threshold correlation detection to determine the number of targets and utilizes the MUSIC algorithm to estimate targets' Angle of Arrival (AoA), range, and relative velocity. Furthermore, we establish a joint optimization framework that considers both communication and sensing performance, optimizing energy efficiency, detection probability, and the Cramér-Rao bound. The power allocation coefficients are derived through Nash equilibrium, while the precoding matrix is optimized using Sequential Convex Approximation (SCA) to address the non-convex nature of the optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme significantly enhances the overall performance of the SAGIN-ISAC system.

作为6G的关键技术，天空地一体化网络（SAGIN）有望通过一个全面的、无处不在的通信系统提供无缝的全球覆盖，而集成传感与通信（ISAC）通过共享频谱资源和收发器来有效解决频谱拥塞问题，用于同时通信和传感操作。然而，现有的ISAC研究主要集中在地面网络上，对其在SAGIN环境中的应用探索有限。本文提出了一种利用高空台站（HAPS）的SAGIN-ISAC方案。在该方案中，HAPS作为中继节点，不仅对通信信号进行放大和转发，还对目标回波信号进行接收和处理，进行参数估计。该卫星采用弹性海量接入（RMA）技术为不同的用户终端提供通信服务。为了解决目标数量未知的情况，我们开发了一种双阈值检测和参数多信号分类（MUSIC）算法（TDPM），该算法采用双阈值相关检测来确定目标数量，并利用MUSIC算法来估计目标的到达角（AoA）、距离和相对速度。此外，我们建立了一个联合优化框架，考虑通信和传感性能，优化能源效率，检测概率和cram r- rao边界。通过纳什均衡推导出功率分配系数，并利用序列凸近似（SCA）对预编码矩阵进行优化，解决了优化问题的非凸性。实验结果表明，我们提出的方案显著提高了SAGIN-ISAC系统的整体性能。

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引用次数: 0

AS-SOMTF: A novel multi-task learning model for water level prediction by satellite remoting AS-SOMTF：一种新的卫星遥感水位预测多任务学习模型

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.05.006

Xin Su , Zijian Qin , Weikang Feng , Ziyang Gong , Christian Esposito , Sokjoon Lee

Satellite communication technology has emerged as a key solution to address the challenges of data transmission in remote areas. By overcoming the limitations of traditional terrestrial communication networks, it enables long-distance data transmission anytime and anywhere, ensuring the timely and accurate delivery of water level data, which is particularly crucial for fishway water level monitoring. To enhance the effectiveness of fishway water level monitoring, this study proposes a multi-task learning model, AS-SOMTF, designed for real-time and comprehensive prediction. The model integrates auxiliary sequences with primary input sequences to capture complex relationships and dependencies, thereby improving representational capacity. In addition, a novel time-series embedding algorithm, AS-SOM, is introduced, which combines generative inference and pooling operations to optimize prediction efficiency for long sequences. This innovation not only ensures the timely transmission of water level data but also enhances the accuracy of real-time monitoring. Compared with traditional models such as Transformer and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, the proposed model achieves improvements of 3.8% and 1.4% in prediction accuracy, respectively. These advancements provide more precise technical support for water level forecasting and resource management in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of the Lancang River, contributing to ecosystem protection and improved operational safety.

卫星通信技术已成为解决偏远地区数据传输挑战的关键解决方案。它克服了传统地面通信网络的局限性，实现了随时随地的远距离数据传输，保证了水位数据的及时准确传递，这对鱼道水位监测尤为重要。为了提高鱼道水位监测的有效性，本研究提出了一种多任务学习模型AS-SOMTF，用于实时综合预测。该模型将辅助序列与主输入序列集成，以捕获复杂的关系和依赖关系，从而提高表征能力。此外，还提出了一种新的时间序列嵌入算法AS-SOM，该算法将生成推理和池化操作相结合，以优化长序列的预测效率。这一创新既保证了水位数据的及时传输，又提高了实时监测的准确性。与Transformer和LSTM （Long - Short-Term Memory）网络等传统模型相比，该模型的预测精度分别提高了3.8%和1.4%。

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引用次数: 0

Interblock-interference-free precoding using square-root decomposition for faster-than-Nyquist signaling 使用平方根分解的块间无干扰预编码，比奈奎斯特信号更快

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.05.012

Yan Wang , Qiang Li , Liping Li , Yingsong Li , Xingwang Li

Precodings using square-root decomposition, including Cholesky and G-To-Minus-Half (GTMH) precodings, are promising for eliminating the Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN)-induced Intersymbol-Interference (ISI). However, the existing precodings using square-root decomposition either ignore Interblock-Interference (IBI) or increase the signal power, deteriorating the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance for high-order modulations and severe ISI. To overcome these drawbacks, we adopt two approaches for constructing the circular ISI matrix. The first approach inserts a Cyclic Prefix/Suffix (CPS) after each precoded symbol block, while the second approach replaces the linear convolution of the FTN shaping and the matched filter by the circular convolution, resulting in the Circular FTN (CFTN). Using these two approaches, we propose three IBI-free precodings, i.e., CPS-Cholesky, CFTN-Cholesky and CFTN-GTMH precodings. Furthermore, employing QR decomposition shows that the GTMH and Cholesky precodings can be converted interchangeably. Thus, we demonstrate that the GTMH precoding is essentially equivalent to the Cholesky precoding. Simulation results indicate that the BER performance of three IBI-free precodings approaches Nyquist performance for moderate ISI. However, as ISI intensifies, the CPS-Cholesky scheme increases the transmit power, causing BER performance degradation. In contrast, the CFTN-Cholesky and CFTN-GTMH precodings maintain optimal BER performance even for severe ISI. Considering 128-amplitude phase shift keying with a code rate of 1/2, the BER loss of CFTN-Cholesky and CFTN-GTMH precodings for the ideal BER of 10-5 is approximately 0.002 dB and 0.005 dB when packing factor is 0.7 and roll-off factor is 0.3. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the optimal performance achievable through precoding.

使用平方根分解的预编码，包括Cholesky和g - to - half （GTMH）预编码，有望消除比奈奎斯特（FTN）更快引起的符号间干扰（ISI）。然而，现有的使用平方根分解的预编码要么忽略了块间干扰（IBI），要么增加了信号功率，从而降低了高阶调制和严重ISI的误码率（BER）性能。为了克服这些缺点，我们采用了两种方法来构造圆形ISI矩阵。第一种方法是在每个预编码符号块之后插入一个循环前缀/后缀（CPS），而第二种方法是用循环卷积取代FTN整形和匹配滤波器的线性卷积，从而得到循环FTN （CFTN）。利用这两种方法，我们提出了三种无ibi预编码，即CPS-Cholesky、CFTN-Cholesky和CFTN-GTMH预编码。此外，采用QR分解表明GTMH和Cholesky预编码可以互换转换。因此，我们证明了GTMH预编码本质上等同于Cholesky预编码。仿真结果表明，在中等ISI情况下，三种无ibi预编码的误码率性能接近Nyquist性能。然而，随着ISI的增强，CPS-Cholesky方案增加了发射功率，导致误码率性能下降。相比之下，CFTN-Cholesky和CFTN-GTMH预编码即使在严重ISI情况下也能保持最佳的误码率性能。考虑码率为1/2的128幅相移键控，当填充系数为0.7、滚降系数为0.3时，理想BER为10-5的CFTN-Cholesky和CFTN-GTMH预编码的误码率损失分别约为0.002 dB和0.005 dB。据作者所知，这是通过预编码实现的最佳性能。

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引用次数: 0

A novel formula for micro-UAV swarm systems: architecture, algorithms, and verification 微型无人机群系统的新公式：架构、算法和验证

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.07.007

Hong Xu , Bo Jiang , Weisheng Li , Miankuan Zhu , Zhiqiang Li , Tao Pang , Mingke Gao , Siji Chen

During indoor operations, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are required to embody attributes such as heightened sensitivity, compact design, and robust maneuverability. A high operational advantage is evident when tasks are executed using multiple UAVs in unison. Despite the prevalent focus in current UAV research on enhancing discrete components or modules, a holistic, integrated approach that encompasses the UAV architecture, platform design, algorithms, simulation, and swarm intelligence, is lacking. This study introduces a micro-UAV swarm system designed for efficient perception within partially known indoor environments. We devised the comprehensive architectural blueprint of a micro-UAV swarm system. A communication routing evaluation metric is proposed to improve the quality of intercommunication among UAVs in the micro-UAV swarm. In addressing the localization and perception challenges, this study features the development of a multisensor-based autonomous positioning methodology, complemented by an object detection and tracking framework based on YOLOv5 and DeepSORT technologies. In the realm of decision making, we used the DuelingDQN algorithm to facilitate mission allocation and scheduling within the micro-UAV swarm system. For flight control, we introduced a control strategy that integrated pipeline control and visual servoing mechanisms. We developed a dedicated simulation platform and designed a realistic scenario to rigorously validate the efficacy of the entire micro-UAV swarm system in simulated exercises and actual flight tests.

在室内作业中，无人驾驶飞行器（uav）需要具备灵敏度高、设计紧凑、机动性强等特点。当使用多架无人机同时执行任务时，高作战优势显而易见。尽管当前的无人机研究普遍关注于增强离散组件或模块，但缺乏一种包含无人机架构、平台设计、算法、仿真和群体智能的整体集成方法。本研究介绍了一种微型无人机群系统，用于在部分已知的室内环境中进行高效感知。设计了微型无人机群系统的综合架构蓝图。为了提高微型无人机群中无人机间的通信质量，提出了一种通信路由评价指标。为了解决定位和感知方面的挑战，本研究开发了一种基于多传感器的自主定位方法，并辅以基于YOLOv5和DeepSORT技术的目标检测和跟踪框架。在决策方面，我们使用DuelingDQN算法来简化微无人机群系统内的任务分配和调度。在飞行控制方面，我们提出了一种集成管道控制和视觉伺服机构的控制策略。开发了专用仿真平台，设计了逼真的场景，在模拟演习和实际飞行试验中严格验证了整个微型无人机群系统的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

EPVCNet: Enhancing privacy and security for image authentication in computing-sensitive 6G environment EPVCNet：增强对计算敏感的6G环境下图像认证的隐私性和安全性

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.07.005

Muhammad Shafiq , Lijing Ren , Denghui Zhang , Thippa Reddy Gadekallu , Mohammad Mahtab Alam

As the 5G architecture gains momentum, interest in 6G is growing. The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, capable of capturing sensitive images, has increased the need for secure transmission and robust access control mechanisms. The vast amount of data generated by low-computing devices poses a challenge to traditional centralized access control, which relies on trusted third parties and complex computations, resulting in intricate interactions, higher hardware costs, and processing delays. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel distributed access control approach that integrates a decentralized and lightweight encryption mechanism with image transmission. This method enhances data security and resource efficiency without imposing heavy computational and network burdens. In comparison to the best existing approach, it achieves a 7% improvement in accuracy, effectively addressing existing gaps in lightweight encryption and recognition performance.

随着5G架构的发展势头，人们对6G的兴趣也在增长。能够捕获敏感图像的物联网（IoT）设备的激增增加了对安全传输和强大访问控制机制的需求。低计算设备产生的大量数据对传统的集中式访问控制提出了挑战，传统的集中访问控制依赖于可信的第三方和复杂的计算，导致交互复杂，硬件成本较高，处理延迟。为了解决这些问题，本文介绍了一种新的分布式访问控制方法，该方法将分散的轻量级加密机制与图像传输相结合。这种方法提高了数据的安全性和资源效率，而不会增加繁重的计算和网络负担。与现有的最佳方法相比，它的准确率提高了7%，有效地解决了轻量级加密和识别性能方面的现有差距。

引用次数: 0

Sum-rate optimization methods and analysis for reconfigurable intelligent surface aided communication system 可重构智能地面辅助通信系统的和速率优化方法与分析

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.05.008

Jinfeng Li , Xiaorong Zhu

When deploying Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) to improve System Sum-Rate (SSR), the timeliness and accuracy of SSR optimization methods are difficult to achieve simultaneously through a single algorithm. Some algorithms focus on timeliness, while some focus on accuracy. In this paper, in order to take into account the timeliness and accuracy of the system comprehensively, we construct SSR analysis model of RIS-assisted multi-user downlink communication system and propose several new optimization methods. The goal is to maximize SSR by using the proposed algorithms to jointly optimize power allocation and reflection coefficients. To solve this comprehensive problem, two sets of Alternating Optimization (AO)-based timeliness algorithms and one set of Monotonic Optimization (MO)-based accuracy algorithms are proposed separately to jointly optimize system performance. First, the Water-Filling (WF)-based and penalty-based low complexity algorithms are developed to optimize power allocation and reflection coefficients respectively. To improve the reality of the calculation, penalty-based algorithm cleverly considers residual noise that is difficult to calculate. Then, for further improve the timeliness, a new Successive Convex Approximation (SCA)-based low complexity algorithm is designed to further optimize reflection coefficients and its convergence is proved. Third, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed timeliness algorithms, we further propose MO-based accuracy algorithms, in which, the Polyblock Outer Approximation (POA) algorithm, the Semidefinite Relaxation (SDR) method, and the bisection search algorithm are combined in a novel way. Numerical results confirm the timeliness of AO-based algorithms and the accuracy of MO-based algorithms. They supervise and complement each other.

在利用可重构智能曲面（Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface， RIS）提高系统和速率（System Sum-Rate， SSR）时，通过单一算法难以同时实现SSR优化方法的时效性和准确性。有些算法注重时效性，有些算法注重准确性。为了综合考虑系统的时效性和准确性，本文构建了ris辅助多用户下行通信系统的SSR分析模型，并提出了几种新的优化方法。目标是通过联合优化功率分配和反射系数，使SSR最大化。针对这一综合问题，分别提出了两套基于交替优化（AO）的时效性算法和一套基于单调优化（MO）的精度算法，共同优化系统性能。首先，提出了基于水填充的低复杂度算法和基于惩罚的低复杂度算法，分别优化功率分配和反射系数。为了提高计算的真实感，基于惩罚的算法巧妙地考虑了难以计算的残余噪声。然后，为了进一步提高反射系数的时效性，设计了一种新的基于连续凸近似（SCA）的低复杂度算法来进一步优化反射系数，并证明了该算法的收敛性。第三，为了验证所提出的时效性算法的有效性，我们进一步提出了基于mo的精度算法，其中以新颖的方式将Polyblock Outer Approximation （POA）算法、半定松弛（SDR）方法和对分搜索算法相结合。数值结果验证了基于ao的算法的时效性和基于mo的算法的准确性。他们互相监督，互相补充。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating Blockchain Extractable Value threats by Distributed Transaction Sequencing Strategy 分布式事务排序策略缓解区块链可提取值威胁

IF 7.5 2区计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Digital Communications and Networks

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcan.2025.04.004

Xiongfei Zhao , Hou-Wan Long , Zhengzhe Li , Jiangchuan Liu , Yain-Whar Si

The rapid growth of blockchain and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has introduced new challenges and vulnerabilities that threaten the integrity and efficiency of the ecosystem. This study identifies critical issues such as Transaction Order Dependence (TOD), Blockchain Extractable Value (BEV), and Transaction Importance Diversity (TID), which collectively undermine the fairness and security of DeFi systems. BEV-related activities, including sandwich attacks, liquidations, transaction replay etc. have emerged as significant threats, collectively generating $540.54 million in losses over 32 months across 11,289 addresses, involving 49,691 cryptocurrencies and 60,830 on-chain markets. These attacks exploit transaction mechanics to manipulate asset prices and extract value at the expense of other participants, with sandwich attacks being particularly impactful. Additionally, the growing adoption of blockchain in traditional finance highlights the challenge of TID, wherein high transaction volumes can strain systems and compromise time-sensitive operations. To address these pressing issues, we propose a novel Distributed Transaction Sequencing Strategy (DTSS) that integrates forking mechanisms with an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to enforce fair and transparent transaction ordering in a decentralized manner. Our approach is further enhanced by an optimization framework and the introduction of a Normalized Allocation Disparity Metric (NADM) that ensures optimal parameter selection for transaction prioritization. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that the DTSS effectively mitigated BEV risks, enhanced transaction fairness, and significantly improved the security and transparency of DeFi ecosystems.

区块链和去中心化金融（DeFi）的快速增长带来了新的挑战和脆弱性，威胁到生态系统的完整性和效率。本研究确定了交易顺序依赖性（TOD）、区块链可提取值（BEV）和交易重要性多样性（TID）等关键问题，这些问题共同破坏了DeFi系统的公平性和安全性。与bev相关的活动，包括三明治攻击、清算、交易重放等，已经成为重大威胁，在32个月内，在11,289个地址共造成5.4054亿美元的损失，涉及49,691种加密货币和60,830个链上市场。这些攻击利用交易机制来操纵资产价格，并以牺牲其他参与者的利益为代价获取价值，其中三明治攻击尤其有效。此外，区块链在传统金融领域的日益普及凸显了TID的挑战，其中高交易量可能会使系统紧张并危及对时间敏感的操作。为了解决这些紧迫的问题，我们提出了一种新的分布式事务排序策略（DTSS），该策略将分叉机制与层次分析过程（AHP）集成在一起，以分散的方式强制执行公平透明的事务排序。我们的方法通过优化框架和引入标准化分配差异度量（NADM）进一步增强，该度量确保了事务优先级的最佳参数选择。实验评估表明，DTSS有效降低了BEV风险，增强了交易公平性，显著提高了DeFi生态系统的安全性和透明度。

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引用次数: 0