Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-323-332
T. G. Goranskaja, A. O. Nichiporovich
The article discusses the concepts of “heritage” and “value”, identifies approaches to determining the value of architectural heritage objects, and provides recommendations for its definition. The traditional interpretation of the concept of “heritage” is undergoing changes in modern times, and therefore, its value becomes the fundamental basis for its protection and preservation. Modern researchers distinguish groups of values (tangible and intangible), which are based on the interpretation of architectural heritage as part of the past and related to its modern existence in the context of a certain place, time and community. Thus, the determination of the value of an architectural heritage object should be based primarily on the study of its historical and architectural and artistic features (as an element of the past) and its current state in the context of sustainable development. Currently, there are two approaches to determining the value of architectural heritage objects: a formalized, based on a point system, and an approach linking value values with their material carriers, which allows taking into account the individual characteristics of each monument. The general standard for determining the value of architectural heritage objects has not yet been developed.
{"title":"Contemporary approaches to determining the value of architectural heritage","authors":"T. G. Goranskaja, A. O. Nichiporovich","doi":"10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-323-332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-323-332","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the concepts of “heritage” and “value”, identifies approaches to determining the value of architectural heritage objects, and provides recommendations for its definition. The traditional interpretation of the concept of “heritage” is undergoing changes in modern times, and therefore, its value becomes the fundamental basis for its protection and preservation. Modern researchers distinguish groups of values (tangible and intangible), which are based on the interpretation of architectural heritage as part of the past and related to its modern existence in the context of a certain place, time and community. Thus, the determination of the value of an architectural heritage object should be based primarily on the study of its historical and architectural and artistic features (as an element of the past) and its current state in the context of sustainable development. Currently, there are two approaches to determining the value of architectural heritage objects: a formalized, based on a point system, and an approach linking value values with their material carriers, which allows taking into account the individual characteristics of each monument. The general standard for determining the value of architectural heritage objects has not yet been developed.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"204 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-341-352
T. A. Tsetsiarynets
The conceptual model of human capital ruralization forms common and unified approaches to the management of its development, contributing to an increase in the level of concentration of agrarian human capital in the context of rural areas. The platform for its practical implementation is an organizational and economic mechanism of human capital increase, based on the diversification of employment, motivation of labor and creative activity of the population and digitalization of rural areas, taking into account existing spatial socio-economic inequalities. The latter form the basis for thetypology of agrarian regions due to the features of natural and agricultural zones, the development of rural areas, the nature and intensity of population settlement, the availability of human resources, the demographic and gender structure of residents, socio-economic potential of the spatial economy, the state of infrastructure in rural areas, lifestyle, historical and cultural traditions and mentality. The formation of the theoretical basis, the systematization of methodological principles, and the identification of socio-economic regularities form the basis of the ruralistic concept of human capital concentration. This approach is based on the stage-by-stage development of adjacent (primary) territories, the transformation of which will subsequently create prerequisites for the modernization of the aggregate infrastructure of the so-called secondary area. This phenomenon can be characterized as a “reverse wave” of labor migration, the effect of which will also be reflected in the concentration of human capital in the agrarian regions. Thus, the complex mechanism of creating favorable living conditions, modernization of socio-economic infrastructure, expansion of the type range of agrarian productions and the list of services, deepening of diversification of employment of rural population forms the empirics of the concept of human capital ruralization.
{"title":"Conceptual trends in the ruralization of human capital","authors":"T. A. Tsetsiarynets","doi":"10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-341-352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-341-352","url":null,"abstract":"The conceptual model of human capital ruralization forms common and unified approaches to the management of its development, contributing to an increase in the level of concentration of agrarian human capital in the context of rural areas. The platform for its practical implementation is an organizational and economic mechanism of human capital increase, based on the diversification of employment, motivation of labor and creative activity of the population and digitalization of rural areas, taking into account existing spatial socio-economic inequalities. The latter form the basis for thetypology of agrarian regions due to the features of natural and agricultural zones, the development of rural areas, the nature and intensity of population settlement, the availability of human resources, the demographic and gender structure of residents, socio-economic potential of the spatial economy, the state of infrastructure in rural areas, lifestyle, historical and cultural traditions and mentality. The formation of the theoretical basis, the systematization of methodological principles, and the identification of socio-economic regularities form the basis of the ruralistic concept of human capital concentration. This approach is based on the stage-by-stage development of adjacent (primary) territories, the transformation of which will subsequently create prerequisites for the modernization of the aggregate infrastructure of the so-called secondary area. This phenomenon can be characterized as a “reverse wave” of labor migration, the effect of which will also be reflected in the concentration of human capital in the agrarian regions. Thus, the complex mechanism of creating favorable living conditions, modernization of socio-economic infrastructure, expansion of the type range of agrarian productions and the list of services, deepening of diversification of employment of rural population forms the empirics of the concept of human capital ruralization.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"143 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-271-289
V. A. Ksenofontov
The methodological aspects of analysis and forecasting of military-political situation in the context of alliance building, influencing the military sphere of national security, are shown. Negative factors indicating the imbalance of global and regional security assurance system are revealed. It is emphasized that understanding of military conflict development in the form of an “escalation ladder” will allow the political and military leaders to prevent the loss of controlability of the conflict. The main trends of military and political situation determining military dangers and threats to the Union State,as well as the peculiarities of its development in the medium- and long-term forecasts were revealed. It has been specified that challenges and threats to the military security of Belarus and Russia will be of a complex and multidirectional nature, affecting all spheres of their activities. The task of their foreign and military policies is strengthening international security and strategic stability on the global and regional levels. The main features of military conflicts and armed struggle in the XXI century are defined. It is concluded that peaceful development of the Belarusian state in the conditions of increasing military violence is possible under the condition of guaranteed provision of military security of the state. It is important to continuously forecast the international and military-political situation, to improve the military organization of the state, the unity of the state power, the army and the people of the country. The main military strategic task for the political elite of the state is to deter aggression in any of its manifestations.
{"title":"Predictive bases of development of the military sphere of national security","authors":"V. A. Ksenofontov","doi":"10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-271-289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-271-289","url":null,"abstract":"The methodological aspects of analysis and forecasting of military-political situation in the context of alliance building, influencing the military sphere of national security, are shown. Negative factors indicating the imbalance of global and regional security assurance system are revealed. It is emphasized that understanding of military conflict development in the form of an “escalation ladder” will allow the political and military leaders to prevent the loss of controlability of the conflict. The main trends of military and political situation determining military dangers and threats to the Union State,as well as the peculiarities of its development in the medium- and long-term forecasts were revealed. It has been specified that challenges and threats to the military security of Belarus and Russia will be of a complex and multidirectional nature, affecting all spheres of their activities. The task of their foreign and military policies is strengthening international security and strategic stability on the global and regional levels. The main features of military conflicts and armed struggle in the XXI century are defined. It is concluded that peaceful development of the Belarusian state in the conditions of increasing military violence is possible under the condition of guaranteed provision of military security of the state. It is important to continuously forecast the international and military-political situation, to improve the military organization of the state, the unity of the state power, the army and the people of the country. The main military strategic task for the political elite of the state is to deter aggression in any of its manifestations.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"7 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-308-322
Yuqin Pan
The article focuses on the sources and processes of borrowing vocabulary in the Chinese and Russian languages of the late XX – early XXI centuries in a comparative aspect, including the dynamics of the functioning of borrowed lexical units. Using national corpora of both languages we compared similar units borrowed by Russian and Chinese languages, analyzing the functioning frequency of these words in the texts of the studied languages.
{"title":"Processes of borrowing vocabulary in the Russian end Chinese languages of the end of XX – beginning of XXI centuries (comparative aspect)","authors":"Yuqin Pan","doi":"10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-308-322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-308-322","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the sources and processes of borrowing vocabulary in the Chinese and Russian languages of the late XX – early XXI centuries in a comparative aspect, including the dynamics of the functioning of borrowed lexical units. Using national corpora of both languages we compared similar units borrowed by Russian and Chinese languages, analyzing the functioning frequency of these words in the texts of the studied languages.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"6 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-333-340
L. G. Duktava
An artistic picture of the world in a literary work contains a system of artistic images, motifs, reflecting various aspects of cultural universals and having cultural meanings marked with the help of cultural codes. Codes of different cultures can be combined in works of art, but national cultural codes are aimed at showing the specifics of mental attitudes, features of the worldview, and behavior patterns of representatives of a certain culture. Investigating the specifics of the national picture of the world, researchers turn to the peculiarities of the representation of cultural meanings within the framework of dyads: “good – bad”, “life – death”, “male – female”, “real – ideal”, “West – East”, “own – someone else’s”, “harmony – disharmony” and others. The article examines changes and constants in the definition of cultural meanings highlighted with the help of the dyads “possible – impossible”, “now – then” using the example of Belarusian epic works of the first decades of the 20 th century and the turn of the 20 th and 20 th centuries. It is concluded that national cultural codes act as carriers of deep historical and cultural meanings, through which the social, economic, geopolitical, cultural features of representatives of a certain nation or even the population of the state as a whole are manifested.
{"title":"Artistic embodiment of national cultural codes in the Belarusian epic","authors":"L. G. Duktava","doi":"10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-333-340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-333-340","url":null,"abstract":"An artistic picture of the world in a literary work contains a system of artistic images, motifs, reflecting various aspects of cultural universals and having cultural meanings marked with the help of cultural codes. Codes of different cultures can be combined in works of art, but national cultural codes are aimed at showing the specifics of mental attitudes, features of the worldview, and behavior patterns of representatives of a certain culture. Investigating the specifics of the national picture of the world, researchers turn to the peculiarities of the representation of cultural meanings within the framework of dyads: “good – bad”, “life – death”, “male – female”, “real – ideal”, “West – East”, “own – someone else’s”, “harmony – disharmony” and others. The article examines changes and constants in the definition of cultural meanings highlighted with the help of the dyads “possible – impossible”, “now – then” using the example of Belarusian epic works of the first decades of the 20 th century and the turn of the 20 th and 20 th centuries. It is concluded that national cultural codes act as carriers of deep historical and cultural meanings, through which the social, economic, geopolitical, cultural features of representatives of a certain nation or even the population of the state as a whole are manifested.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"4 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-299-307
T. A. Nekliudova
The article introduces into scientific circulation a wooden comb from the excavations of medieval Pinsk. This comb was discovered in 1963 during the archaeological research under the leadership of P. F. Lysenko on the territory of the fortified part adjacent to the Pinsk stronghold. A feature of the comb is its linear-circular ornamentation, supplemented with a pigment of dark red colour. In order to study by non-destructive methods the pigment contained inside the elements of the circular ornament of the comb, as well as the macrostructure of the wood of the comb, the object was studied using a video spectral comparator Regula 4305D in infrared and ultraviolet light. Based on the study of the degree of penetration of infrared rays and the absence of luminescence in ultraviolet light, it was established that cinnabar could be used as a pigment. The study of the macrostructure and preservation of the wood of the comb allows us to say that it was made of boxwood. Taking into account the analogies found in the materials from the excavations of Novgorod, as well as items from the collections of world museums, the comb can be dated no earlier than the 15 th century. Most likely, this comb was an object of import. The need for a more thorough primary processing of archaeological materials in the field in order to detect possible traces of paint on objects made of organic materials is noted.
介绍进入科学循环的木梳中世纪平斯克的发掘。1963年，在P. F. Lysenko的领导下，在Pinsk要塞附近的防御区域进行考古研究时发现了这把梳子。梳子的一个特点是它的线性圆形装饰，辅以暗红色的颜料。为了用无损的方法研究梳子圆形装饰构件内部所含的色素，以及梳子木材的宏观结构，利用Regula 4305D视频光谱比较仪在红外和紫外线下对该物体进行了研究。通过对朱砂对红外线的穿透程度和紫外光不发光的研究，确定了朱砂可以作为颜料使用。对梳子的宏观结构和木材保存的研究使我们能够说它是由黄杨木制成的。考虑到从诺夫哥罗德发掘的材料中发现的类似物，以及世界博物馆收藏的物品，梳子的年代不早于15世纪。这把梳子很可能是一件重要的物品。有人指出，需要在实地对考古材料进行更彻底的初步处理，以便在有机材料制成的物体上发现可能的油漆痕迹。
{"title":"A Wooden comb from the excavations of medieval Pinsk: an experience of comprehensive research","authors":"T. A. Nekliudova","doi":"10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-299-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-299-307","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces into scientific circulation a wooden comb from the excavations of medieval Pinsk. This comb was discovered in 1963 during the archaeological research under the leadership of P. F. Lysenko on the territory of the fortified part adjacent to the Pinsk stronghold. A feature of the comb is its linear-circular ornamentation, supplemented with a pigment of dark red colour. In order to study by non-destructive methods the pigment contained inside the elements of the circular ornament of the comb, as well as the macrostructure of the wood of the comb, the object was studied using a video spectral comparator Regula 4305D in infrared and ultraviolet light. Based on the study of the degree of penetration of infrared rays and the absence of luminescence in ultraviolet light, it was established that cinnabar could be used as a pigment. The study of the macrostructure and preservation of the wood of the comb allows us to say that it was made of boxwood. Taking into account the analogies found in the materials from the excavations of Novgorod, as well as items from the collections of world museums, the comb can be dated no earlier than the 15 th century. Most likely, this comb was an object of import. The need for a more thorough primary processing of archaeological materials in the field in order to detect possible traces of paint on objects made of organic materials is noted.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"307 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-290-298
A. V. Starovoitova
In the context of increasing instability in international relations it is one of the forms and strategies in the struggle for human potential. Ideologies, which are actively used to destroy the socio-economic systems of other countries, influence the value orientations of individuals, change their motivation for effective interaction in the preservation and sovereign development of their own national model, become a powerful weapon in the era of digital transformation of society. Under these conditions, it becomes necessary to manage the social potential of the information environment as a condition of demographic security. The article describes the results of the research concerning the influence of information environment on the changes in demographic attitudes and migratory behavior, as well as on the socio-demographic situation in the country in general. The necessity of identifying informational and socio-cultural factors that have an impact on sustainable demographic development of the republic is reviewed.
{"title":"Managing the social potential of the information environment as a basis for demographic sustainability","authors":"A. V. Starovoitova","doi":"10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-290-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-4-290-298","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of increasing instability in international relations it is one of the forms and strategies in the struggle for human potential. Ideologies, which are actively used to destroy the socio-economic systems of other countries, influence the value orientations of individuals, change their motivation for effective interaction in the preservation and sovereign development of their own national model, become a powerful weapon in the era of digital transformation of society. Under these conditions, it becomes necessary to manage the social potential of the information environment as a condition of demographic security. The article describes the results of the research concerning the influence of information environment on the changes in demographic attitudes and migratory behavior, as well as on the socio-demographic situation in the country in general. The necessity of identifying informational and socio-cultural factors that have an impact on sustainable demographic development of the republic is reviewed.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"41 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-208-219
O. G. Devoino, I. I. Vegera, V. G. Zaleski, V. V. Rudy, V. V. Zharsky
In the article innovative methods of surface hardening of internal surfaces of machine parts by laser and highfrequency induction heating are presented. The relevance of applying the methods of laser and induction hardening for the internal surfaces of heavily loaded parts of quarry equipment is proved. The results of modeling and calculation of thermal and electromagnetic fields under the influence of an external electromagnetic field and laser radiation beams are presented. The original design of a complex of equipment for processing the internal surfaces of suspension parts by external electromagnetic field is described. The optimal designs of inductors with magnetic circuits made of various materials are shown. The study of the structure and properties obtained on the internal surfaces of heavily loaded suspension parts of cars, line of the BelAZ company, treated according to the optimal modes of surface induction exposure is given. The developed original technology and equipment of laser surface hardening, which makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of heavily loaded parts, is described. Data on the implementation of research results at JSC “BELAZ” – the Management Company of the Holding “BELAZ-HOLDING” for processing a wide range of heavily loaded suspension parts are given.
{"title":"Innovative technologies for strengthening of internal surfaces of suspension parts of heavy-loaded machines by laser and high-frequency induction methods","authors":"O. G. Devoino, I. I. Vegera, V. G. Zaleski, V. V. Rudy, V. V. Zharsky","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-208-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-208-219","url":null,"abstract":"In the article innovative methods of surface hardening of internal surfaces of machine parts by laser and highfrequency induction heating are presented. The relevance of applying the methods of laser and induction hardening for the internal surfaces of heavily loaded parts of quarry equipment is proved. The results of modeling and calculation of thermal and electromagnetic fields under the influence of an external electromagnetic field and laser radiation beams are presented. The original design of a complex of equipment for processing the internal surfaces of suspension parts by external electromagnetic field is described. The optimal designs of inductors with magnetic circuits made of various materials are shown. The study of the structure and properties obtained on the internal surfaces of heavily loaded suspension parts of cars, line of the BelAZ company, treated according to the optimal modes of surface induction exposure is given. The developed original technology and equipment of laser surface hardening, which makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of heavily loaded parts, is described. Data on the implementation of research results at JSC “BELAZ” – the Management Company of the Holding “BELAZ-HOLDING” for processing a wide range of heavily loaded suspension parts are given.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135744185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-234-241
G. B. Melnikova, A. E. Salamianski, T. N. Tolstaya, V. M. Akulova, S. A. Chizhik, I. V. Korolkov, I. B. Muslimova, N. N. Zhumanazar, M. V. Zdorovets
The technique of poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes (PETF TMs) modification to increase of water-in-oil emulsions separations is developed. The water-in-oil emulsions separations by using PETF TMs with regular pore geometry and pore sizes 200 and 350 nm is described in the article. PETF TMs were modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane by spin-coating method to increase their hydrophobic properties. The results of changes in the pore diameters and the contact angle after PETF TMs modification are presented. The obtained samples were characterized by AFM, SEM and gas permeability test. Chloroform–water and n-hexadecane–water emulsions have been used as a test liquid for water-in-oil emulsions separations. At an operating vacuum of 700 mbar, the specific filtration performance of chloroform: water emulsions were 51.5 and 932.0 l/(m2 ⋅ h), hexadecane: water were 46.1 and 203.4 l/(m2 ⋅ h) for PETF-200 / OTS and PETF-350 / OTS, respectively. The degree of purification of emulsions by modified membranes according to the refractive index is of 100 %. Obtained membranes can be used to separate oil-water emulsions in order to prevent the corrosion of pipelines and changes of crude oil viscosity, as well as the treatment of water purification from oil industry waste.
{"title":"Hydrophobization of petf-surfaces for water-in-oil emulsions separations","authors":"G. B. Melnikova, A. E. Salamianski, T. N. Tolstaya, V. M. Akulova, S. A. Chizhik, I. V. Korolkov, I. B. Muslimova, N. N. Zhumanazar, M. V. Zdorovets","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-234-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-234-241","url":null,"abstract":"The technique of poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes (PETF TMs) modification to increase of water-in-oil emulsions separations is developed. The water-in-oil emulsions separations by using PETF TMs with regular pore geometry and pore sizes 200 and 350 nm is described in the article. PETF TMs were modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane by spin-coating method to increase their hydrophobic properties. The results of changes in the pore diameters and the contact angle after PETF TMs modification are presented. The obtained samples were characterized by AFM, SEM and gas permeability test. Chloroform–water and n-hexadecane–water emulsions have been used as a test liquid for water-in-oil emulsions separations. At an operating vacuum of 700 mbar, the specific filtration performance of chloroform: water emulsions were 51.5 and 932.0 l/(m2 ⋅ h), hexadecane: water were 46.1 and 203.4 l/(m2 ⋅ h) for PETF-200 / OTS and PETF-350 / OTS, respectively. The degree of purification of emulsions by modified membranes according to the refractive index is of 100 %. Obtained membranes can be used to separate oil-water emulsions in order to prevent the corrosion of pipelines and changes of crude oil viscosity, as well as the treatment of water purification from oil industry waste.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135743778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-220-233
M. V. Malko, S. V. Vasilevich, K. B. Podbolotov, D. V. Degterov, A. N. Asadchyi
The paper discusses the results of an experimental study of the thermal decomposition of pyrolytic tar carried out in isothermal conditions at temperatures of 300, 350 and 400 °C. It was found that the kinetics of this process can be described using the Avrami–Erofeev equation with a variable parameter n. Analysis of the established data showed that the area of variation of this index included values from 0.415 to 1.238. The mean value of the n parameter calculated for all variants of the study was 0.694 (95 % CI from 0.605 to 0.783), and the median value was 0.639. As is known, the Avrami–Erofeev equation describes the kinetics of thermal decomposition of matter in the condensed state, determined by the nucleation process. This suggests that in the case of thermal decomposition of pyrolytic tar in the temperature range 300–400 °С this process is the limiting stage of the total process. The pyrolytic tarn decomposition rate was found to increase in the case of introduction of particles of nickel catalyst developed at the Physical and Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus into the reaction zone. However, only with respect to one sample, it can be confidently stated that this is the result of the catalytic effect of applied nickel catalyst. Based on the established data, it was concluded that it is promising to use a nickel-containing catalyst in the processes of thermal decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons formed in the processes of thermochemical conversion of biomass.
{"title":"Applicability of nickel-based compounds as catalysts for thermal conversion of primary biomass pyrolysis products","authors":"M. V. Malko, S. V. Vasilevich, K. B. Podbolotov, D. V. Degterov, A. N. Asadchyi","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-220-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-3-220-233","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the results of an experimental study of the thermal decomposition of pyrolytic tar carried out in isothermal conditions at temperatures of 300, 350 and 400 °C. It was found that the kinetics of this process can be described using the Avrami–Erofeev equation with a variable parameter n. Analysis of the established data showed that the area of variation of this index included values from 0.415 to 1.238. The mean value of the n parameter calculated for all variants of the study was 0.694 (95 % CI from 0.605 to 0.783), and the median value was 0.639. As is known, the Avrami–Erofeev equation describes the kinetics of thermal decomposition of matter in the condensed state, determined by the nucleation process. This suggests that in the case of thermal decomposition of pyrolytic tar in the temperature range 300–400 °С this process is the limiting stage of the total process. The pyrolytic tarn decomposition rate was found to increase in the case of introduction of particles of nickel catalyst developed at the Physical and Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus into the reaction zone. However, only with respect to one sample, it can be confidently stated that this is the result of the catalytic effect of applied nickel catalyst. Based on the established data, it was concluded that it is promising to use a nickel-containing catalyst in the processes of thermal decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons formed in the processes of thermochemical conversion of biomass.","PeriodicalId":486343,"journal":{"name":"Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135744188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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