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Source Count Distribution of Fermi LAT Gamma-Ray Blazars Using Novel Nonparametric Methods 使用新型非参数方法研究费米 LAT 伽马射线耀斑星的源计数分布
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.3390/universe10090340
Xuhang Yin, Houdun Zeng
We utilized a sample from the Fermi-LAT 14-year Source Catalog by adjusting the flux detection threshold, enabling us to derive the intrinsic source count distribution dN/dF25 of extragalactic blazars using nonparametric, unbinned methods developed by Efron and Petrosian and Lynden-Bell. Subsequently, we evaluated the contribution of blazars to the extragalactic gamma-ray background. Our findings are summarized as follows: (1) There is no significant correlation between flux and spectral index values among blazars and their subclasses FSRQs and BL Lacs. (2) The intrinsic differential distributions of flux values exhibit a broken-power-law form, with parameters that closely match previous findings. The intrinsic photon index distributions are well described by a Gaussian form for FSRQs and BL Lacs individually, while a dual-Gaussian model provides a more appropriate fit for blazars as a whole. (3) Blazars contribute 34.5% to the extragalactic gamma-ray background and 16.8% to the extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray background. When examined separately, FSRQs and BL Lacs contribute 19.6% and 13% to the extragalactic gamma-ray background, respectively.
我们通过调整通量探测阈值,利用费米-LAT 14 年源目录中的样本,采用 Efron 和 Petrosian 以及 Lynden-Bell 提出的非参数、无分隔方法,得出了银河系外炽星的内在源计数分布 dN/dF25。随后,我们评估了伽马射线星对银河系外伽马射线背景的贡献。我们的研究结果总结如下(1) 在亮星及其子类 FSRQs 和 BL Lacs 之间,通量和光谱指数值之间没有明显的相关性。(2)通量值的本征差异分布呈现出一种断裂幂律形式,其参数与之前的发现非常接近。FSRQs和BL Lacs各自的本征光子指数分布可以用高斯形式很好地描述,而双高斯模型则对整个类星体提供了更合适的拟合。(3) 亮星对银河系外伽马射线背景的贡献率为34.5%,对银河系外漫反射伽马射线背景的贡献率为16.8%。如果分开来看,FSRQs和BL Lacs分别占银河系外伽马射线背景的19.6%和13%。
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引用次数: 0
Minute-Cadence Observations of the LAMOST Fields with the TMTS: IV—Catalog of Cataclysmic Variables from the First 3-yr Survey 利用 TMTS 对 LAMOST 星场进行的分钟级观测:IV-来自首次三年巡天的大灾变变星目录
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.3390/universe10090337
Qichun Liu, Jie Lin, Xiaofeng Wang, Zhibin Dai, Yongkang Sun, Gaobo Xi, Jun Mo, Jialian Liu, Shengyu Yan, Alexei V. Filippenko, Thomas G. Brink, Yi Yang, Kishore C. Patra, Yongzhi Cai, Zhihao Chen, Liyang Chen, Fangzhou Guo, Xiaojun Jiang, Gaici Li, Wenxiong Li, Weili Lin, Cheng Miao, Xiaoran Ma, Haowei Peng, Qiqi Xia, Danfeng Xiang, Jicheng Zhang
The Tsinghua University–Ma Huateng Telescopes for Survey (TMTS) started to monitor the LAMOST plates in 2020, leading to the discovery of numerous short-period eclipsing binaries, peculiar pulsators, flare stars, and other variable objects. Here, we present the uninterrupted light curves for a sample of 64 cataclysmic variables (CVs) observed/discovered using the TMTS during its first three-year observations, and we introduce new CVs and new light-variation periods (from known CVs) revealed through the TMTS observations. Thanks to the high-cadence observations of TMTS, diverse light variations, including superhumps, quasi-periodic oscillations, large-amplitude orbital modulations, and rotational modulations, are able to be detected in our CV samples, providing key observational clues for understanding the fast-developing physical processes in various CVs. All of these short-timescale light-curve features help further classify the subtypes of CV systems. We highlight the light-curve features observed in our CV sample and discuss further implications of minute-cadence light curves for CV identifications and classifications. Moreover, we examine the Hα emission lines in the spectra from our nonmagnetic CV samples (i.e., dwarf novae and nova-like subclasses) and find that the distribution of Hα emission strength shows significant differences between the sources with orbital periods above and below the period gap, which agrees with the trend seen from the SDSS nonmagnetic CV sample.
清华大学-马化腾巡天望远镜(TMTS)于2020年开始监测LAMOST板块,发现了大量短周期食双星、奇特脉冲星、耀斑星和其他变星。在这里,我们展示了利用 TMTS 在第一个三年观测期间观测/发现的 64 个大灾变(CV)样本的不间断光变曲线,并介绍了通过 TMTS 观测发现的新 CV 和(已知 CV 的)新光变周期。得益于 TMTS 的高频率观测,我们能够在 CV 样本中探测到多种多样的光变,包括超跳、准周期振荡、大振幅轨道调制和旋转调制,为了解各种 CV 中快速发展的物理过程提供了关键的观测线索。所有这些短时标光曲线特征都有助于进一步划分 CV 系统的子类型。我们重点介绍了在我们的 CV 样本中观测到的光曲线特征,并讨论了分烛光光曲线对 CV 识别和分类的进一步影响。此外,我们还研究了非磁性CV样本(即矮新星和类新星子类)光谱中的Hα发射线,发现Hα发射强度的分布在轨道周期高于和低于周期差距的源之间存在显著差异,这与SDSS非磁性CV样本的趋势一致。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid Isentropic Twin Stars 混合等熵双星
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.3390/universe10090336
Juan Pablo Carlomagno, Gustavo A. Contrera, Ana Gabriela Grunfeld, David Blaschke
We present a study of hybrid neutron stars with color superconducting quark matter cores at a finite temperature that results in sequences of stars with constant entropy per baryon, s/nB=const. For the quark matter equation of state, we employ a recently developed nonlocal chiral quark model, while nuclear matter is described with a relativistic density functional model of the DD2 class. The phase transition is obtained through a Maxwell construction under isothermal conditions. We find that traversing the mixed phase on a trajectory at low s/nB≲2 in the phase diagram shows a heating effect, while at larger s/nB the temperature drops. This behavior may be attributed to the presence of a color superconducting quark matter phase at low temperatures and the melting of the diquark condensate which restores the normal quark matter phase at higher temperatures. While the isentropic hybrid star branch at low s/nB≲2 is connected to the neutron star branch, it becomes disconnected at higher entropy per baryon so that the “thermal twin” phenomenon is observed. We find that the transition from connected to disconnected hybrid star sequences may be estimated with the Seidov criterion for the difference in energy densities. The radii and masses at the onset of deconfinement exhibit a linear relationship and thus define a critical compactness of the isentropic star configuration for which the transition occurs and which, for large enough s/nB≳2 values, is accompanied by instability. The results of this study may be of relevance for uncovering the conditions for the supernova explodability of massive blue supergiant stars using the quark deconfinement mechanism. The accretion-induced deconfinement transition with thermal twin formation may contribute to explaining the origin of eccentric orbits in some binary systems and the origin of isolated millisecond pulsars.
我们对在有限温度下具有彩色超导夸克物质内核的混合中子星进行了研究,研究结果表明,在恒星序列中,每个重子的熵是恒定的(s/nB=const)。对于夸克物质的状态方程,我们采用了最近开发的非局部手性夸克模型,而核物质则用 DD2 类相对论密度泛函模型来描述。相变是在等温条件下通过麦克斯韦构造获得的。我们发现,在相图中低 s/nB≲2 的轨迹上穿越混合相会产生加热效应,而在较大 s/nB 时温度会下降。这种行为可能是由于在低温下存在彩色超导夸克物质相,而在高温下二夸克凝聚物熔化,恢复了正常的夸克物质相。虽然低 s/nB≲2 时的等熵混合星分支与中子星分支相连,但在每重子熵值较高时,它就会断开,从而出现 "热孪生 "现象。我们发现,从连接到断开的混合星序列的转变可以用能量密度差的塞多夫准则来估算。开始发生解聚时的半径和质量呈现线性关系,因此定义了等熵恒星构型的临界紧密度,在此临界紧密度下会发生过渡,而且对于足够大的 s/nB≳2 值,过渡会伴随着不稳定性。这项研究的结果可能与利用夸克去抵消机制揭示大质量蓝超巨星超新星可爆炸性的条件有关。吸积诱导的去抵消转变与热孪生的形成可能有助于解释某些双星系统偏心轨道的起源和孤立毫秒脉冲星的起源。
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引用次数: 0
Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity: A Brief Overview 能量-动量平方引力:简要概述
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.3390/universe10090339
Ricardo A. C. Cipriano, Nailya Ganiyeva, Tiberiu Harko, Francisco S. N. Lobo, Miguel A. S. Pinto, João Luís Rosa
In this work, we present a review of Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity (EMSG)—more specifically, f(R,TμνTμν) gravity, where R represents the Ricci scalar and Tμν denotes the energy-momentum tensor. The inclusion of quadratic contributions from the energy-momentum components has intriguing cosmological implications, particularly during the Universe’s early epochs. These effects dominate under high-energy conditions, enabling EMSG to potentially address unresolved issues in General Relativity (GR), such as the initial singularity and aspects of big-bang nucleosynthesis in certain models. The theory’s explicit non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry leads to the non-conservation of the energy-momentum tensor, which prompts the investigation of cosmological scenarios through the framework of irreversible thermodynamics of open systems. By employing this formalism, we interpret the energy-balance equations within EMSG from a thermodynamic perspective, viewing them as descriptions of irreversible matter creation processes. Since EMSG converges to GR in a vacuum and differences emerge only in the presence of an energy-momentum distribution, these distinctions become significant in high-curvature regions. Therefore, deviations from GR are expected to be pronounced in the dense cores of compact objects. This review delves into these facets of EMSG, highlighting its potential to shed light on some of the fundamental questions in modern cosmology and gravitational theory.
在这项工作中,我们回顾了能量-动量平方引力(EMSG)--更具体地说,f(R,TμνTμν) 引力,其中 R 代表利玛窦标量,Tμν 表示能量-动量张量。能动分量的二次贡献具有引人入胜的宇宙学意义,尤其是在宇宙的早期。这些效应在高能条件下占主导地位,使 EMSG 有可能解决广义相对论(GR)中尚未解决的问题,如初始奇点和某些模型中大爆炸核合成的某些方面。该理论在物质和几何之间明确的非最小耦合导致了能量-动量张量的非守恒,这促使我们通过开放系统的不可逆热力学框架来研究宇宙学情景。通过采用这种形式主义,我们从热力学的角度解释了 EMSG 中的能量平衡方程,将其视为对不可逆物质生成过程的描述。由于 EMSG 在真空中收敛于 GR,只有在存在能量-动量分布时才会出现差异,因此这些差异在高曲率区域变得非常重要。因此,在致密天体的致密内核中,与 GR 的偏差预计会非常明显。这篇综述深入探讨了 EMSG 的这些方面,强调它有可能揭示现代宇宙学和引力理论中的一些基本问题。
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引用次数: 0
Gravitational Particle Production and the Hubble Tension 引力粒子产生与哈勃张力
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.3390/universe10090338
Recai Erdem
The effect of gravitational particle production of scalar particles on the total effective cosmic energy density (in the era after photon decoupling till the present) is considered. The effect is significant for heavy particles. It is found that gravitational particle production results in an effective increase in the directly measured value of the Hubble constant H0, while it does not affect the value of the Hubble constant in the calculation of the number density of baryons at the present time that is used to calculate recombination redshift. This may explain why the Hubble constants determined by local measurements and non-local measurements (such as CMB) are different. This suggests that gravitational particle production may have a non-negligible impact on H0 tension.
研究考虑了标量粒子的引力粒子产生对宇宙总有效能量密度的影响(从光子脱钩后至今)。对重粒子的影响是显著的。研究发现,引力粒子的产生会导致直接测量的哈勃常数 H0 值的有效增加,而在计算重子数量密度(用于计算重组红移)时,引力粒子的产生并不会影响哈勃常数的值。这也许可以解释为什么本地测量和非本地测量(如 CMB)确定的哈勃常数是不同的。这表明引力粒子的产生可能对 H0 张力有不可忽视的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of the Accretion–Jet Coupling of Black Hole Objects at Different Scales 不同尺度黑洞天体的吸积-喷流耦合研究
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.3390/universe10080335
Zhou Yang, Qing-Chen Long, Wei-Jia Yang, Ai-Jun Dong
The fundamental plane of black hole activity is a very important tool to study accretion and jets. However, we found that the SEDs of AGNs and XRBs are different in the 2–10 keV energy band, and it seems inappropriate to use 2–10 keV X-ray luminosities to study the fundamental plane. In this work, we use the luminosity near the peak of the blackbody radiation of the active galactic nuclei and black hole binaries to replace the 2–10 keV luminosity. We re-explore the fundamental plane of black hole activity by using the 2500 A˚ luminosity as the peak luminosity of the blackbody radiation of AGNs and 1 keV luminosity as the peak luminosity of the blackbody radiation of XRBs. We compile samples of black hole binaries and active galactic nuclei with luminosity near the peak luminosity of blackbody radiation and study the fundamental plane between radio luminosity (LR), the peak luminosity of blackbody radiation (Lpeak), and black hole mass (MBH). We find that the radio–peak luminosity correlations are L5GHz/LEdd∝(L2500A˚/LEdd)1.55 and L5GHz/LEdd∝(L1keV/LEdd)1.53 for AGN and XRB, respectively, in the radiatively efficient sample, and L5GHz/LEdd∝(L2500A˚/LEdd)0.48 and L5GHz/LEdd∝(L1keV/LEdd)0.53 in the radiatively inefficient sample, respectively. Based on the similarities in radio–peak correlations, we further propose a fundamental plane in radio luminosity, the peak luminosity of blackbody radiation, and black hole mass, which is radiatively efficient: logL5GHz=1.57−0.01+0.01logLpeak−0.32−0.16+0.16logMBH−27.73−0.34+0.34 with a scatter of σR = 0.48 dex, and radiatively inefficient: logL5GHz=0.45−0.01+0.01logLpeak+0.91−0.10+0.12logMBH+12.58−0.38+0.38 with a scatter of σR = 0.63 dex. Our results are similar to those of previous studies on the fundamental plane for radiatively efficient and radiatively inefficient black hole activity. However, our results exhibit a smaller scatter, so when using the same part of blackbody radiation (i.e., the peak luminosity of the blackbody radiation), the fundamental plane becomes a little bit tighter.
黑洞活动的基面是研究吸积和喷流的重要工具。然而,我们发现在2-10 keV能段,AGN和XRB的SED是不同的,用2-10 keV的X射线光度来研究基面似乎并不合适。在这项工作中,我们用活动星系核和黑洞双星的黑体辐射峰值附近的光度来代替 2-10 keV 的光度。我们用2500 A˚光度作为AGN的黑体辐射峰值光度,用1 keV光度作为XRB的黑体辐射峰值光度,重新探索黑洞活动的基本平面。我们收集了一些黑洞双星和活动星系核的样本,其光度接近黑体辐射的峰值光度,并研究了射电光度(LR)、黑体辐射峰值光度(Lpeak)和黑洞质量(MBH)之间的基本平面。我们发现,AGN和XRB的射电光度-峰值光度相关系数分别为L5GHz/LEdd∝(L2500A˚/LEdd)1.55和L5GHz/LEdd∝(L1keV/LEdd)1.在辐射效率样本中,AGN 和 XRB 分别为 L5GHz/LEdd∝(L2500A˚/LEdd)0.55 和 L5GHz/LEdd∝(L1keV/LEdd)1.53;在辐射效率样本中,AGN 和 XRB 分别为 L5GHz/LEdd∝(L2500A˚/LEdd)0.48 和 L5GHz/LEdd∝(L1keV/LEdd)0.53。根据射电峰值相关性的相似性,我们进一步提出了射电光度、黑体辐射峰值光度和黑洞质量的基本平面,即辐射效率:logL5GHz=1.57-0.01+0.01logLpeak-0.32-0.16+0.16logMBH-27.73-0.34+0.34,散度为σR = 0.48 dex;辐射效率低:logL5GHz=0.45-0.01+0.01logLpeak+0.91-0.10+0.12logMBH+12.58-0.38+0.38,散度为σR = 0.63 dex。我们的结果与之前关于辐射效率高和辐射效率低的黑洞活动基面的研究结果相似。不过,我们的结果显示出较小的散度,因此当使用相同的黑体辐射部分(即黑体辐射的峰值光度)时,基本面变得更紧密一些。
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引用次数: 0
Slow Body MHD Waves in Inhomogeneous Photospheric Waveguides 非均质光层波导中的慢体 MHD 波
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.3390/universe10080334
Istvan Ballai, Fisal Asiri, Viktor Fedun, Gary Verth, Emese Forgács-Dajka, Abdulrahman B. Albidah
The present study deals with the investigation of the oscillatory morphology of guided slow body MHD modes in inhomogeneous magnetic waveguides that appear in the solar photospheric plasmas in the forms of pores or sunspots. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions related to these waves in an isothermal plasma are obtained numerically by solving a Sturm-Liouville problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions set at the boundary of the waveguide. Our results show that the inhomogeneities in density (pressure) and magnetic field have a strong influence on the morphology of waves, and higher-order more are sensitive to the presence of inhomogeneity. Our results suggest that he identification of modes just by a simple visual inspection can lead to a misinterpretation of the nature of modes.
本研究涉及太阳光层等离子体中以气孔或太阳黑子形式出现的非均匀磁波导中的导引慢体 MHD 模式振荡形态的研究。通过数值求解在波导边界设置了 Dirichlet 边界条件的 Sturm-Liouville 问题,获得了等温等离子体中与这些波相关的特征值和特征函数。结果表明,密度(压力)和磁场的不均匀性对波的形态有很大影响,而且高阶波对不均匀性的存在很敏感。我们的结果表明,仅仅通过简单的目测来识别模式可能会导致对模式性质的误解。
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引用次数: 0
Quantum Effects on Cosmic Scales as an Alternative to Dark Matter and Dark Energy 宇宙尺度上的量子效应作为暗物质和暗能量的替代方案
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.3390/universe10080333
Da-Ming Chen, Lin Wang
The spin-torsion theory is a gauge theory approach to gravity that expands upon Einstein’s general relativity (GR) by incorporating the spin of microparticles. In this study, we further develop the spin-torsion theory to examine spherically symmetric and static gravitational systems that involve free-falling macroscopic particles. We posit that the quantum spin of macroscopic matter becomes noteworthy at cosmic scales. We further assume that the Dirac spinor and Dirac equation adequately capture all essential physical characteristics of the particles and their associated processes. A crucial aspect of our approach involves substituting the constant mass in the Dirac equation with a scale function, allowing us to establish a connection between quantum effects and the scale of gravitational systems. This mechanism ensures that the quantum effect of macroscopic matter is scale-dependent and diminishes locally, a phenomenon not observed in microparticles. For any given matter density distribution, our theory predicts an additional quantum term, the quantum potential energy (QPE), within the mass expression. The QPE induces time dilation and distance contraction, and thus mimics a gravitational well. When applied to cosmology, our theory yields a static cosmological model. The QPE serves as a counterpart to the cosmological constant introduced by Einstein to balance gravity in his static cosmological model. The QPE also offers a plausible explanation for the origin of Hubble redshift (traditionally attributed to the universe’s expansion). The predicted luminosity distance–redshift relation aligns remarkably well with SNe Ia data from the cosmological sample of SNe Ia. In the context of galaxies, the QPE functions as the equivalent of dark matter. The predicted circular velocities align well with rotation curve data from the SPARC (Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves database) sample. Importantly, our conclusions in this paper are reached through a conventional approach, with the sole assumption of the quantum effects of macroscopic matter at large scales, without the need for additional modifications or assumptions.
自旋扭转理论是研究引力的一种量规理论方法,它在爱因斯坦广义相对论(GR)的基础上加入了微观粒子的自旋。在本研究中,我们进一步发展了自旋扭转理论,以研究涉及自由落体宏观粒子的球面对称和静态引力系统。我们认为,在宇宙尺度上,宏观物质的量子自旋变得值得注意。我们进一步假设,狄拉克自旋因子和狄拉克方程能够充分捕捉粒子及其相关过程的所有基本物理特征。我们研究方法的一个重要方面是用尺度函数代替狄拉克方程中的质量常数,从而在量子效应和引力系统尺度之间建立联系。这种机制确保了宏观物质的量子效应与尺度有关,并在局部减弱,而这种现象在微观粒子中是观察不到的。对于任何给定的物质密度分布,我们的理论在质量表达式中预言了一个额外的量子项--量子势能(QPE)。量子势能会引起时间膨胀和距离收缩,从而模拟引力井。应用于宇宙学时,我们的理论产生了一个静态宇宙学模型。在爱因斯坦的静态宇宙学模型中,QPE 与他为平衡引力而引入的宇宙常数相对应。QPE 还为哈勃红移(传统上归因于宇宙膨胀)的起源提供了合理的解释。预测的光度距离-红移关系与宇宙学样本中的SNe Ia数据非常吻合。在星系中,QPE 的功能相当于暗物质。预测的圆周速度与 SPARC(斯皮策摄影测量和精确旋转曲线数据库)样本的旋转曲线数据非常吻合。重要的是,我们在本文中的结论是通过传统方法得出的,唯一的假设是宏观物质在大尺度上的量子效应,而不需要额外的修改或假设。
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引用次数: 0
Fluctuations and Correlations of Conserved Charges Serving as Signals for QGP Production: An Overview from Polyakov Loop Enhanced Nambu–Jona-Lasinio Model 作为 QGP 生成信号的守恒电荷的波动和相关性:波利亚科夫环增强南布-若纳-拉西尼奥模型概述
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.3390/universe10080332
Sudipa Upadhaya
Quark–Gluon plasma driven by the strong force is subject to the conservativeness of the baryon number, net electric charge, strangeness, etc. However, the fluctuations around their mean values at specific temperatures and chemical potentials can provide viable signals for the production of Quark–Gluon plasma. These fluctuations can be captured theoretically as moments of different orders in the expansion of pressure or the thermodynamic potential of the system under concern. Here, we look for possible explanations in the methodologies used for capturing them by using the framework of the Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model under the 2 + 1 flavor consideration with mean-field approximation. The various quantities thus explored can act to signify meaningfully near the phase transitions. Justifications are also made for some of the quantities capable of serving necessarily under experimental scenarios. Additionally, variations in certain quantities are also made for the different collision energies explored in the high-energy experiments. Rectification of the quantitative accuracy, especially in the low-temperature hadronic sector, is of prime concern, and it is also addressed. It was found that most of the observables stay in close proximity with the existing lattice QCD results at the continuum limit, with some artifacts still remaining, especially in the strange sector, which needs further attention.
由强力驱动的夸克-胶子等离子体受制于重子数、净电荷、奇异性等的保守性。然而,在特定温度和化学势下,围绕其平均值的波动可以为夸克-胶子等离子体的产生提供可行的信号。从理论上讲,这些波动可以被捕捉为压力膨胀或所关注系统的热力学势的不同阶矩。在这里,我们利用波利亚科夫-南布-若纳-拉西尼奥(PNJL)模型的框架,在平均场近似的 2 + 1 味考虑下,寻找捕捉这些波动的方法中可能存在的解释。由此探索出的各种量可以在相变附近起到有意义的指示作用。此外,还为某些能够在实验情况下发挥必然作用的量提出了理由。此外,还针对高能实验中探索的不同碰撞能量对某些量进行了调整。定量精确度的修正,尤其是在低温强子部门,是人们最关心的问题,也得到了解决。研究发现,大多数观测指标在连续极限上与现有的格子 QCD 结果保持接近,但仍然存在一些假象,特别是在奇异部门,这需要进一步关注。
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引用次数: 0
Centenary of Alexander Friedmann’s Prediction of Universe Expansion and the Prospects of Modern Cosmology 亚历山大-弗里德曼预测宇宙膨胀一百周年与现代宇宙学的前景
IF 2.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.3390/universe10080329
Galina L. Klimchitskaya, Vladimir M. Mostepanenko, Sergey V. Sushkov
In this Editorial to the Special Issue “The Friedmann Cosmology: A Century Later”, we consider an outstanding character of Friedmann’s prediction of Universe expansion, which laid the foundation of modern cosmology. The list of the main discoveries made in cosmology during the last one hundred years is followed by a formulation of the standard cosmological model. The articles contributing to the Special Issue are considered in relation to this model, and to several alternative theoretical approaches. Special attention is paid to unresolved problems, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy, Hubble tension and the pre-inflationary stage of the Universe evolution. The conclusion is made that astrophysics and cosmology are on the threshold of new fundamental discoveries.
在这篇特刊社论 "弗里德曼宇宙学:弗里德曼对宇宙膨胀的预测奠定了现代宇宙学的基础。本特刊列举了过去一百年中宇宙学领域的主要发现,随后提出了标准宇宙学模型。本特刊所收录的文章都与这一模型以及其他几种理论方法有关。特刊还特别关注了一些悬而未决的问题,如暗物质和暗能量的性质、哈勃张力和宇宙演化的胀大前阶段。结论是,天体物理学和宇宙学正处于新的基本发现的门槛上。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
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