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Quantification and identification of authorial writing style through higher-order text network modeling and analysis 通过高阶文本网络建模和分析量化和识别作者的写作风格
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101603
Hongzhong Deng, Chengxing Wu, Bingfeng Ge, Hongqian Wu
Determining the true author of anonymized texts has important applications ranging from text classification and information extraction to forensic investigations. Despite substantial progress, current authorship identification solutions are limited to extracting straightforward semantic relationships in writing styles, lacking consideration for higher-order features among multiple vocabulary, phrases, or sentences in language structure. Here, we propose a novel approach based on hypernetwork theory to encode higher-order text features into a unified text hyper-network and investigate whether the hyper-order topological features of the text hyper-network contribute to revealing the author's stylistic preferences. Our results indicate that metrics of the text hyper-network, such as hyperdegree, average shortest path length, and intermittency, can capture more information about the author's writing styles. More importantly, in the author identification task of 170 novels, our method accurately distinguished the authorship of 81% of the novels, surpassing the accuracy of the method of using paired word relationships. This further highlights the importance of higher-order features in text analysis, beyond mere pairwise interactions of words.
确定匿名文本的真正作者具有重要的应用价值,从文本分类、信息提取到法医调查,不一而足。尽管取得了长足进步,但目前的作者身份识别解决方案仅限于提取写作风格中的直接语义关系,缺乏对语言结构中多个词汇、短语或句子之间的高阶特征的考虑。在此,我们提出了一种基于超网络理论的新方法,将高阶文本特征编码到统一的文本超网络中,并研究文本超网络的超阶拓扑特征是否有助于揭示作者的文体偏好。我们的研究结果表明,文本超网络的度量指标,如超度、平均最短路径长度和间歇性,可以捕捉到更多有关作者写作风格的信息。更重要的是,在 170 篇小说的作者识别任务中,我们的方法准确地区分了 81% 的小说的作者,准确率超过了使用成对词语关系的方法。这进一步凸显了高阶特征在文本分析中的重要性,而不仅仅是词与词之间的配对交互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge substitutability and complementarity in scientific collaboration 科学合作中的知识可替代性和互补性
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101601
Kexin Lin , Beibei Hu , Zixun Li , Yi Bu , Xianlei Dong
Understanding the substitutability and complementarity in scientific collaboration is of great significance to reduce the costs of team building and enhance the team's research performance. In this paper, knowledge substitutability in scientific collaboration characterizes similar properties shared during the (re)combination process, and knowledge complementarity describes the synergistic effect created by different knowledge combinations. This paper aims to explore the influence of knowledge substitutability and complementarity on research performance based on the American Physical Society dataset. Overall, we find that knowledge substitutability negatively influences scientists’ research performance, while knowledge complementarity has a positive effect. However, the analysis reveals that the positive correlation between knowledge complementarity and research performance only exists for scientists with small-sized teams, while scientists with large-sized teams are not significantly influenced by the complementarity. This paper provides a new perspective and practical insights into team formation and management.
了解科学合作中的可替代性和互补性对于降低团队建设成本、提高团队研究绩效具有重要意义。在本文中,科学合作中的知识可替代性表征了(再)组合过程中共享的相似属性,而知识互补性则描述了不同知识组合所产生的协同效应。本文旨在以美国物理学会数据集为基础,探讨知识可替代性和互补性对科研绩效的影响。总体而言,我们发现知识可替代性对科学家的研究绩效有负面影响,而知识互补性则有正面影响。然而,分析表明,知识互补性与研究绩效之间的正相关关系只存在于小规模团队的科学家身上,而大规模团队的科学家受知识互补性的影响并不显著。本文为团队组建和管理提供了新的视角和实用见解。
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引用次数: 0
Technological recombinant strategy and breakthrough innovation of team: The moderating role of science linkage 技术重组战略与团队的突破性创新:科学联系的调节作用
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101613
Tao Wang, Jiajie Wang, Jing Shi, Jianjun Sun, Lele Kang
Why can some knowledge production activities help teams achieve significant innovation breakthroughs while others go unnoticed? Technological recombinant is considered an important way for teams to gain an innovative edge in the era of big science. However, few empirical studies have revealed the role of differentiated technological recombinant strategies in team breakthrough innovation. This study develops an approach to identify technical teams from the full-domain cooperation network and investigates the differentiated impact of technological recombinant creation and reuse strategies on team breakthrough innovation, considering the moderating role of science linkage. Using biopharmaceutical patent data from 2000 to 2019 and building empirical models to estimate, the study reveals that both recombinant strategies distinctly affect technological novelty and impact, while science linkage enhancing these effects. By elucidating the nuanced roles of technological recombinant strategies in team-based breakthrough innovations, this study offers targeted guidance for optimizing innovation processes within organizations.
为什么有的知识生产活动能帮助团队实现重大创新突破,而有的却无人问津?技术重组被认为是大科学时代团队获得创新优势的重要途径。然而,很少有实证研究揭示差异化技术重组策略在团队突破创新中的作用。本研究开发了一种从全领域合作网络中识别技术团队的方法,并考虑到科学联系的调节作用,研究了技术重组创造和重复使用策略对团队突破性创新的差异化影响。研究利用 2000 年至 2019 年的生物制药专利数据并建立实证模型进行估算,发现两种重组策略都会对技术新颖性和影响力产生明显影响,而科学联系则会增强这些影响。通过阐明技术重组策略在基于团队的突破性创新中的细微作用,本研究为优化组织内的创新流程提供了有针对性的指导。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of scientific collaboration network structures on impact and innovation: A perspective from project teams 科学合作网络结构对影响力和创新的影响:项目团队的视角
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101611
Zhifeng Liu , Chenlin Wang , Jinqing Yang
Scientific collaboration is critical in tackling complex research challenges, necessitating optimized configurations of research teams. While existing research primarily examines the impact of collaboration network characteristics on the impact and innovation of individual papers, there is less focus on these characteristics within the context of research projects. To bridge this gap, this study adopts the perspective of project teams and explores the influence of scientific collaboration network structures on the impact and innovation of research outputs. By employing ordinary least squares regression and negative binomial regression methods on a dataset encompassing 21,618 NSF grants and their associated 351,550 publications, we rigorously analyze how specific network characteristics impact the innovation and impact of the research outputs. The results reveal a negative correlation between the count of structural holes and both the impact and conventionality of the team's papers. Meanwhile, the small world of a project team positively correlates with the papers' impact and displays an inverted U-shaped relationship with innovation. Further analysis confirms that there is no interactive effect between structural holes and small world. A series of robustness checks have been conducted, demonstrating that these findings are robust. This study contributes valuable insights for scholars, institutions, and policymakers aiming to enhance research team effectiveness. It underscores the nuanced impacts of network properties on research outputs, offering a new perspective by focusing on project-based team structures rather than individual paper collaborations.
科学合作对于应对复杂的研究挑战至关重要,因此必须优化研究团队的配置。现有研究主要探讨合作网络特征对单篇论文的影响力和创新性的影响,但较少关注研究项目背景下的这些特征。为了弥补这一不足,本研究从项目团队的角度出发,探讨科研合作网络结构对科研成果影响力和创新性的影响。我们采用普通最小二乘回归法和负二项回归法,对包含 21,618 项国家自然科学基金资助及其相关 351,550 篇论文的数据集进行了严格分析,探讨了特定网络特征如何影响研究成果的创新性和影响力。结果显示,结构性漏洞的数量与团队论文的影响力和传统性之间存在负相关。同时,项目团队的小世界与论文的影响力呈正相关,与创新性呈倒 U 型关系。进一步的分析表明,结构洞与小世界之间不存在交互效应。我们还进行了一系列稳健性检验,证明这些结论是稳健的。这项研究为旨在提高研究团队效率的学者、机构和政策制定者提供了宝贵的见解。它强调了网络属性对研究成果的细微影响,通过关注基于项目的团队结构而不是个人论文合作,提供了一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Conclusions need to follow from supporting results 结论需来自支持性结果
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101610
Robin Haunschild , Lutz Bornmann
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引用次数: 0
The disruption index suffers from citation inflation: Re-analysis of temporal CD trend and relationship with team size reveal discrepancies 干扰指数存在引文膨胀问题:重新分析CD的时间趋势以及与团队规模的关系发现差异
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101605
Alexander Michael Petersen , Felber J. Arroyave , Fabio Pammolli
Measuring the rate of innovation in academia and industry is fundamental to monitoring the efficiency and competitiveness of the knowledge economy. To this end, a disruption index (CD) was recently developed and applied to publication and patent citation networks (Wu et al., 2019; Park et al., 2023). Here we show that CD systematically decreases over time due to secular growth in research production, following two distinct mechanisms unrelated to innovation – one behavioral and the other structural. Whereas the behavioral explanation reflects shifts associated with techno-social factors (e.g. self-citation practices), the structural explanation follows from ‘citation inflation’ (CI), an inextricable feature of real citation networks attributable to increasing reference list lengths, which causes CD to systematically decrease. We demonstrate this causal link by way of mathematical deduction, computational simulation, multi-variate regression, and quasi-experimental comparison of the disruptiveness of PNAS versus PNAS Plus articles, which differ primarily in their lengths. Accordingly, we analyze CD data available in the SciSciNet database and find that disruptiveness incrementally increased from 2005-2015, and that the negative relationship between disruption and team-size is remarkably small in overall magnitude effect size, and shifts from negative to positive for team size ≥ 8 coauthors.
衡量学术界和产业界的创新率对于监测知识经济的效率和竞争力至关重要。为此,最近开发了一种中断指数(CD),并将其应用于出版物和专利引用网络(Wu 等人,2019 年;Park 等人,2023 年)。在这里,我们表明,由于研究生产的长期增长,CD 会随着时间的推移而系统性地降低,这遵循两种与创新无关的不同机制--一种是行为机制,另一种是结构机制。行为解释反映了与技术-社会因素(如自我引用实践)相关的转变,而结构解释则源于 "引文膨胀"(CI),这是由于参考文献列表长度不断增加而导致的实际引文网络不可分割的特征,它导致引文总量系统性减少。我们通过数学推导、计算模拟、多变量回归,以及对 PNAS 和 PNAS Plus 文章的破坏性进行准实验比较,证明了这一因果关系。据此,我们分析了 SciSciNet 数据库中的 CD 数据,发现干扰性在 2005-2015 年间呈递增趋势,而干扰性与团队规模之间的负相关关系在总体幅度效应大小上明显较小,当团队规模≥8 位共同作者时,这种负相关关系由负转正。
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引用次数: 0
An empirical study of retractions due to honest errors: Exploring the relationship between error types and author teams 对因诚实错误而撤稿的实证研究:探索错误类型与作者团队之间的关系
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101600
Dong Wang , Sihan Chen
By adopting binary logistic regression and using a dataset of retractions due to honest errors, this paper analyses the relationships between types of honest errors and the characteristics of author teams, aiming to make recommendations about research management for researchers and policy makers. The results show that (1) honest errors made by medium-sized teams are more likely to be data errors rather than other types of errors, than those made by other-sized teams; (2) overall, there is no obvious relationship between types of honest errors and collaboration patterns; (3) there is no significant difference in the probability that honest errors are data errors rather than other types of errors (called “the probability”), with or without the participation of US authors. Honest errors made by teams with the participation of Chinese authors are less likely to be data errors, than those made by teams without Chinese authors; (4) collaboration patterns moderate the relationship between types of honest errors and the participation of Chinese authors. Specifically, the probability is significantly greater for single-authored publications in China than in other countries, and the probability for domestic collaboration in China is much lower than that outside China. There is no significant difference in the probability for international collaboration publications in China and those in other countries.
本文采用二元逻辑回归法,利用因诚实错误而撤稿的数据集,分析了诚实错误类型与作者团队特征之间的关系,旨在为研究人员和政策制定者提供研究管理建议。结果表明:(1) 与其他规模的团队相比,中等规模团队所犯的诚实错误更有可能是数据错误,而不是其他类型的错误;(2) 总体而言,诚实错误的类型与合作模式之间没有明显的关系;(3) 无论是否有美国作者参与,诚实错误是数据错误而不是其他类型错误的概率(称为 "概率")没有显著差异。与没有中国作者参与的团队相比,有中国作者参与的团队所犯的诚实错误不太可能是数据错误;(4) 合作模式缓和了诚实错误类型与中国作者参与之间的关系。具体来说,在中国发表的单篇论文的概率明显高于在其他国家发表的论文,而在中国国内合作发表的论文的概率远低于在国外发表的论文。中国的国际合作出版物与其他国家的国际合作出版物在概率上没有明显差异。
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引用次数: 0
Citation recommendation based on argumentative zoning of user queries 基于用户查询的论证分区的引文推荐
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101607
Shutian Ma , Chengzhi Zhang , Heng Zhang , Zheng Gao
Citation recommendation aims to locate the important papers for scholars to cite. When writing the citing sentences, the authors usually hold different citing intents, which are referred to citation function in citation analysis. Since argumentative zoning is to identify the argumentative and rhetorical structure in scientific literature, we want to use this information to improve the citation recommendation task. In this paper, a multi-task learning model is built for citation recommendation and argumentative zoning classification. We also generated an annotated corpus of the data from PubMed Central based on a new argumentative zoning schema. The experimental results show that, by considering the argumentative information in the citing sentence, citation recommendation model will get better performance.
引文推荐的目的是为学者们找到需要引用的重要文献。在撰写引文时,作者通常持有不同的引文意图,这在引文分析中被称为引文功能。由于论证分区是为了识别科学文献中的论证和修辞结构,因此我们希望利用这些信息来改进引文推荐任务。本文建立了一个用于引文推荐和论证分区分类的多任务学习模型。我们还根据新的论证分区模式从 PubMed Central 中生成了一个数据注释语料库。实验结果表明,通过考虑引文句子中的论证信息,引文推荐模型将获得更好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Metrics fraud on ResearchGate 研究门上的度量欺诈
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101604
Savina Kirilova , Fred Zoepfl
The academic social networking site ResearchGate (RG) allows members to post refereed papers and non-refereed preprints on the service. RG provides service-specific metrics and altmetrics for authors and publications posted on the service such as Reads, Citations, Recommendations, h-index, and RI Scores. This paper identifies problems based on a review of examples of questionable practices, which raises concerns about the lack of transparency and the validity of RG's metrics and altmetrics to assess scientific reputation. The paper describes a scheme that small groups of researchers use to deliberately inflate each other's metrics on RG. Additionally, a comparison is made between an unethical physics researcher's RG metrics and those of several Physics Nobel Laureates. Based on the problems found, the paper proposes several corrective actions RG could implement to mitigate metrics fraud on the service.
学术社交网站 ResearchGate (RG) 允许会员在该服务上发布经评审的论文和非经评审的预印本。RG 为在该服务上发布的作者和出版物提供特定的服务指标和 Altmetrics,如阅读量、引用量、推荐量、h 指数和 RI 分数。本文根据对可疑做法实例的审查发现了一些问题,这些问题引起了人们对 RG 指标和 Altmetrics 在评估科学声誉方面缺乏透明度和有效性的担忧。论文描述了一小撮研究人员故意抬高彼此在 RG 上的指标的做法。此外,还比较了一位不道德的物理学研究人员的 RG 指标和几位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者的指标。根据发现的问题,论文提出了 RG 可以采取的几种纠正措施,以减少服务上的度量欺诈。
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引用次数: 0
How does Nobel prize awarding shift the research topics of Nobelists’ coauthors and non-coauthors? 诺贝尔奖是如何改变诺贝尔奖获得者的合作作者和非合作作者的研究课题的?
IF 3.4 2区 管理学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2024.101602
Xin Xie , Jin Mao , Jiang Li
In this study, we investigate the influence of the Nobel prize promulgation on the research attention of Nobelists’ coauthors, especially those who have closely collaborated with the laureates on the prizewinning topics before the promulgation. Do these coauthors follow the prevailing trend triggered by the Nobel prize and consequently increase their studies on the award topics? Or, conversely, do these coauthors curtail their research attention on the honored topics and divert their efforts to new research horizons? To scrutinize this question, we utilize the APS dataset and the publication records of Nobelists to discern coauthorships among scholars. Then we employ network construction and community detection methods to identify scholars' research topics throughout their careers. Besides, we utilized the Propensity Score Matching to construct a parallel sample of Nobelists’ non-coauthors, who had never coauthored a paper with the corresponding laureate but had published at least one paper on the prizewinning topic. Following this, our main result substantiates that, after the Nobel awarding, coauthors exhibit a discernible reduction in publications on the award topics than non-coauthors. And the distinct choices of research strategy among distinct groups of scholars may be explained by the potential information asymmetry and different understandings concerning the award topics, as well as their distinct research intuitions in determining research direction. This study not only contributes to enriching our comprehension of how scientific prizes play a role in shaping research strategies of scientists within the award filed, but also stands as one of the pioneering contributions that focus on Nobelists’ coauthors.
在本研究中,我们探讨了诺贝尔奖颁布对诺贝尔奖获得者合作作者研究注意力的影响,尤其是那些在诺贝尔奖颁布前与获奖者就获奖课题有过密切合作的合作作者。这些合作作者是否会追随诺贝尔奖引发的流行趋势,从而增加对获奖课题的研究?反之,这些合作者是否会减少对获奖课题的研究关注,将精力转移到新的研究领域?为了研究这个问题,我们利用 APS 数据集和诺贝尔奖获得者的发表记录来发现学者之间的合著关系。然后,我们采用网络构建和社群检测方法来确定学者在其职业生涯中的研究课题。此外,我们还利用倾向得分匹配法(Propensity Score Matching)构建了诺贝尔奖获得者的非合作作者平行样本,这些非合作作者从未与相应的获奖者合作发表过论文,但至少发表过一篇关于获奖主题的论文。随后,我们的主要结果证实,在诺贝尔奖获得之后,与非共同作者相比,共同作者在获奖主题上发表的论文明显减少。而不同学者群体在研究策略上的不同选择,可能是因为潜在的信息不对称和对获奖课题的不同理解,以及他们在确定研究方向时的不同研究直觉。这项研究不仅有助于丰富我们对科学奖项如何在影响获奖科学家研究策略方面发挥作用的理解,而且也是关注诺贝尔奖获得者共同作者的开创性贡献之一。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Informetrics
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