Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00049.1
C. Crespo, I. Ramos, S. Cisint, Ana L. Iruzubieta-Villagra, S. Fernández
Abstract. In amphibians, the presence in the fertilization medium of diffusible components from the jelly coat, called diffusible factors, is indispensable. However, few studies of anuran species have characterized the biomolecule capable of inducing the acrosome reaction. Our previous studies of a species of anuran amphibian (Rhinella arenarum) from the Andean Yungas of northwestern Argentina demonstrated that uterine oocytes that contain the jelly coat lose fertilizability in the insemination medium depending on washing time and washing medium. Such loss can be reversed by the addition of all the proteins and glycoproteins from the diffusible factor (DF), an effect that reaches a maximum with the addition of exogenous Ca2+. In the present study, we employed an experimental model to demonstrate the biological effect of DF and of four purified protein fractions from DF on conditioning coelomic oocytes. Our experiments demonstrated that only purified fraction 2 of DF, which contains only a 74 KDa diffusible glycoprotein (gp74), caused characteristic modifications on the surface of the conditioned coelomic oocytes, identical to the ones generated by the acrosomal lysine solution. These modifications of the oocytes did not occur in the absence of sperm in the medium. Furthermore, previous treatment of a sperm suspension with gp74 and later incubation of the supernatant obtained from this pretreatment with the conditioned coelomic oocytes caused the same lytic effect on the oocyte surface, confirming that gp74 participates by inducing the release of the acrosomal content in the insemination medium. These results are a new contribution to the knowledge on the fertilization of this anuran species and allow us to continue with the study of the gp74 receptor in the spermatozoon.
{"title":"Biological Effect of the Jelly Coat Diffusible Biomolecule of Rhinella arenarum in the Gametic Interaction during Fertilization","authors":"C. Crespo, I. Ramos, S. Cisint, Ana L. Iruzubieta-Villagra, S. Fernández","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00049.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00049.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In amphibians, the presence in the fertilization medium of diffusible components from the jelly coat, called diffusible factors, is indispensable. However, few studies of anuran species have characterized the biomolecule capable of inducing the acrosome reaction. Our previous studies of a species of anuran amphibian (Rhinella arenarum) from the Andean Yungas of northwestern Argentina demonstrated that uterine oocytes that contain the jelly coat lose fertilizability in the insemination medium depending on washing time and washing medium. Such loss can be reversed by the addition of all the proteins and glycoproteins from the diffusible factor (DF), an effect that reaches a maximum with the addition of exogenous Ca2+. In the present study, we employed an experimental model to demonstrate the biological effect of DF and of four purified protein fractions from DF on conditioning coelomic oocytes. Our experiments demonstrated that only purified fraction 2 of DF, which contains only a 74 KDa diffusible glycoprotein (gp74), caused characteristic modifications on the surface of the conditioned coelomic oocytes, identical to the ones generated by the acrosomal lysine solution. These modifications of the oocytes did not occur in the absence of sperm in the medium. Furthermore, previous treatment of a sperm suspension with gp74 and later incubation of the supernatant obtained from this pretreatment with the conditioned coelomic oocytes caused the same lytic effect on the oocyte surface, confirming that gp74 participates by inducing the release of the acrosomal content in the insemination medium. These results are a new contribution to the knowledge on the fertilization of this anuran species and allow us to continue with the study of the gp74 receptor in the spermatozoon.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"28 1","pages":"26 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00012.1
F. J. Zamora‐Camacho, M. Comas, Guillem Pascual, G. Moreno-Rueda
Abstract. Marking methods that do not affect survival are crucial to study anuran demography. Toe-clipping is among the most frequent marking methods in anurans. Nonetheless, the potential effect of toe-clipping on locomotion—and consequently on survival—is controversial. We studied a free-ranging population of Iberian green frogs (Pelophylax perezi) to test whether toe-clipping reduces jumping distance. Also, we compared return rates of frogs identified by toe-clipping and tagging with passive integrated transponders (PITs) after 1 year. We found no effect of toe-clipping on jumping distance, which minimizes the likelihood of toe-clipping diminishing return rates. Accordingly, we detected similar return rates in frogs marked by toe-clipping and PIT-tagging. Both techniques proved similarly efficient, although toe-clipping is cheaper and faster than PIT-tagging. Resumen. Para estudiar la demografía de los anuros, son cruciales métodos de marcaje que no afecten a la supervivencia. El corte de dedos está entre los métodos de marcaje más frecuentes en los anuros. Sin embargo, el efecto potencial del corte de dedos sobre la locomoción—y, en consecuencia, sobre la supervivencia—es controvertido. En este trabajo, estudiamos una población silvestre de rana verde común (Pelophylax perezi) para testar si el corte de dedos reduce la distancia de salto. Al cabo de un año, también comparamos las tasas de retorno—y, por ende, la supervivencia—de ranas sometidas a corte de dedos o a marcaje por PIT. No encontramos efecto del corte de dedos en la distancia de salto de estas ranas, lo que minimiza la posibilidad de que el corte de dedos afecte a las tasas de retorno. En consonancia, detectamos tasas de retorno similares en ranas marcadas por corte de dedos y por PIT. Ambas técnicas demostraron una eficiencia similar, aunque el corte de dedos es más barato y rápido que el marcaje por PIT.
{"title":"The Effect of Toe-Clipping on Locomotor Performance and Return Rates in a Frog","authors":"F. J. Zamora‐Camacho, M. Comas, Guillem Pascual, G. Moreno-Rueda","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00012.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00012.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Marking methods that do not affect survival are crucial to study anuran demography. Toe-clipping is among the most frequent marking methods in anurans. Nonetheless, the potential effect of toe-clipping on locomotion—and consequently on survival—is controversial. We studied a free-ranging population of Iberian green frogs (Pelophylax perezi) to test whether toe-clipping reduces jumping distance. Also, we compared return rates of frogs identified by toe-clipping and tagging with passive integrated transponders (PITs) after 1 year. We found no effect of toe-clipping on jumping distance, which minimizes the likelihood of toe-clipping diminishing return rates. Accordingly, we detected similar return rates in frogs marked by toe-clipping and PIT-tagging. Both techniques proved similarly efficient, although toe-clipping is cheaper and faster than PIT-tagging. Resumen. Para estudiar la demografía de los anuros, son cruciales métodos de marcaje que no afecten a la supervivencia. El corte de dedos está entre los métodos de marcaje más frecuentes en los anuros. Sin embargo, el efecto potencial del corte de dedos sobre la locomoción—y, en consecuencia, sobre la supervivencia—es controvertido. En este trabajo, estudiamos una población silvestre de rana verde común (Pelophylax perezi) para testar si el corte de dedos reduce la distancia de salto. Al cabo de un año, también comparamos las tasas de retorno—y, por ende, la supervivencia—de ranas sometidas a corte de dedos o a marcaje por PIT. No encontramos efecto del corte de dedos en la distancia de salto de estas ranas, lo que minimiza la posibilidad de que el corte de dedos afecte a las tasas de retorno. En consonancia, detectamos tasas de retorno similares en ranas marcadas por corte de dedos y por PIT. Ambas técnicas demostraron una eficiencia similar, aunque el corte de dedos es más barato y rápido que el marcaje por PIT.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"28 1","pages":"38 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41650369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-22-00038.1
Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira, A. C. C. Lourenço, J. V. A. Lacerda, Mariana L. Lyra, Boris L. Blotto, S. Ron, D. Baldo, M. Pereyra, Ángela M. Suárez-Mayorga, Délio Baêta, Rodrigo B. Ferreira, C. Barrio-Amorós, C. Borteiro, Reuber A. Brandão, C. A. Brasileiro, M. A. Donnelly, M. J. Dubeux, J. Köhler, F. Kolenc, Felipe Sá Fortes Leite, N. M. Maciel, I. Nunes, V. Orrico, P. Peloso, T. Pezzuti, S. Reichle, Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, H. R. da Silva, M. Sturaro, J. A. Langone, P. Garcia, M. Rodrigues, D. Frost, W. Wheeler, T. Grant, José P. Pombal, C. Haddad, J. Faivovich
Abstract. Scinax is the most species-rich genus of Neotropical treefrogs, with 129 currently recognized species divided between two major clades, the S. catharinae and S. ruber clades. The S. catharinae clade includes 52 species currently placed in the S. perpusillus and S. catharinae groups, whereas the S. ruber clade is composed of 77 species, 13 of which are included in two species groups: the S. rostratus and S. uruguayus groups, with all 64 remaining species being unassigned to any group. Although some studies have addressed the phylogenetic relationships of the genus, its relationships remain poorly understood. To test the monophyly of the genus, its major clades, and the currently recognized species groups, and the relationships within and among them, we performed a total evidence phylogenetic analysis including sequences of five mitochondrial (portions of cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase c subunit I, and 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, plus three intervening tRNAs) and six nuclear genes (portions of chemokine receptor type 4, proopiomelanocortin, seven in absentia homolog 1, recombination activating gene 1, rhodopsin exon 1, and tyrosinase), and 159 phenotypic characters. The dataset included 121 of the 129 known species of Scinax and many unnamed species. Most species are represented by multiple specimens, including topotypic material for approximately 52% of the species. As a result of this analysis, we partition Scinax into three genera. We restrict Scinax to most species of the former S. ruber clade and divide its species among 13 species groups: the S. auratus, S. boesemani, S. cruentomma, S. danae, S. elaeochroa, S. eurydice, S. funereus, S. fuscomarginatus, S. fuscovarius, S. granulatus, S. nasicus, S. rostratus, and S. squalirostris groups; only one species (S. pachycrus) remains unassigned to any group. To eliminate the paraphyly of Scinax, we redefine Julianus—originally erected for the S. uruguayus group—to include the former S. camposseabrai. We recognize Ololygon for the species of the former S. catharinae clade and divide its species among seven species groups: the O. agilis, O. argyreornata, O. belloni, O. cardosoi, O. catharinae, O. feioi, and O. perpusilla groups. All species groups of the three recognized genera of Scinaxini are discussed, diagnosed, characterized—in many cases using phenotypic synapomorphies—and taxonomic comments are provided for many species. Our study further revealed 57 candidate species, an increase of 44.2% of the recognized species in the tribe, highlighting how far we are from fully understanding the diversity of this clade of Neotropical treefrogs.
{"title":"Treefrog Diversity in the Neotropics: Phylogenetic Relationships of Scinaxini (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae)","authors":"Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira, A. C. C. Lourenço, J. V. A. Lacerda, Mariana L. Lyra, Boris L. Blotto, S. Ron, D. Baldo, M. Pereyra, Ángela M. Suárez-Mayorga, Délio Baêta, Rodrigo B. Ferreira, C. Barrio-Amorós, C. Borteiro, Reuber A. Brandão, C. A. Brasileiro, M. A. Donnelly, M. J. Dubeux, J. Köhler, F. Kolenc, Felipe Sá Fortes Leite, N. M. Maciel, I. Nunes, V. Orrico, P. Peloso, T. Pezzuti, S. Reichle, Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, H. R. da Silva, M. Sturaro, J. A. Langone, P. Garcia, M. Rodrigues, D. Frost, W. Wheeler, T. Grant, José P. Pombal, C. Haddad, J. Faivovich","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-22-00038.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-22-00038.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Scinax is the most species-rich genus of Neotropical treefrogs, with 129 currently recognized species divided between two major clades, the S. catharinae and S. ruber clades. The S. catharinae clade includes 52 species currently placed in the S. perpusillus and S. catharinae groups, whereas the S. ruber clade is composed of 77 species, 13 of which are included in two species groups: the S. rostratus and S. uruguayus groups, with all 64 remaining species being unassigned to any group. Although some studies have addressed the phylogenetic relationships of the genus, its relationships remain poorly understood. To test the monophyly of the genus, its major clades, and the currently recognized species groups, and the relationships within and among them, we performed a total evidence phylogenetic analysis including sequences of five mitochondrial (portions of cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase c subunit I, and 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, plus three intervening tRNAs) and six nuclear genes (portions of chemokine receptor type 4, proopiomelanocortin, seven in absentia homolog 1, recombination activating gene 1, rhodopsin exon 1, and tyrosinase), and 159 phenotypic characters. The dataset included 121 of the 129 known species of Scinax and many unnamed species. Most species are represented by multiple specimens, including topotypic material for approximately 52% of the species. As a result of this analysis, we partition Scinax into three genera. We restrict Scinax to most species of the former S. ruber clade and divide its species among 13 species groups: the S. auratus, S. boesemani, S. cruentomma, S. danae, S. elaeochroa, S. eurydice, S. funereus, S. fuscomarginatus, S. fuscovarius, S. granulatus, S. nasicus, S. rostratus, and S. squalirostris groups; only one species (S. pachycrus) remains unassigned to any group. To eliminate the paraphyly of Scinax, we redefine Julianus—originally erected for the S. uruguayus group—to include the former S. camposseabrai. We recognize Ololygon for the species of the former S. catharinae clade and divide its species among seven species groups: the O. agilis, O. argyreornata, O. belloni, O. cardosoi, O. catharinae, O. feioi, and O. perpusilla groups. All species groups of the three recognized genera of Scinaxini are discussed, diagnosed, characterized—in many cases using phenotypic synapomorphies—and taxonomic comments are provided for many species. Our study further revealed 57 candidate species, an increase of 44.2% of the recognized species in the tribe, highlighting how far we are from fully understanding the diversity of this clade of Neotropical treefrogs.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47526995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover and Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.2994/sajh-27-00000.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/sajh-27-00000.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"27 1","pages":"i - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47857721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00002.1
M. L. Bustos, Matías N. Sánchez, G. Teibler, M. E. Peichoto
Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate the status of parasitic infections of colubrid snakes living in serpentariums in northeastern Argentina. Specimens were analyzed through clinical examination and coproparasitological surveys. In cases of death, specimens were necropsied, and histopathological exams were performed to determine its cause(s). Out of 30 specimens examined from 12 different species, parasites were found in 25 of them (83%). Nematodes were most common, with rhabdiasid and ascaridid helminths accounting for 57% and 40% of all infections, respectively. Further, the ascarid Hexametra boddaertii was identified in a specimen of Erythrolamprus aesculapii. Coccidian, digenean, and pentastomid parasites were also found less frequently. We identified the pentastomids Raillietiella furcocerca and Cephalobaena tetrapoda in specimens of Pseudablabes patagoniensis. We revealed systemic lesions induced by endoparasites, including enteritis and detachment of the gut mucosa by ascarids, tissue granulomas by rhabdiasids, and pulmonary microhemorrhages by pentastomids. Additionally, rhabdiasid-induced lesions in Duvernoy's gland were shown for the first time. Regarding ectoparasites, we identified the tick Amblyomma dissimile in a specimen of P. patagoniensis. On the whole, this study provides relevant information about the prevalence and pathophysiological effects of parasites on captive colubrids and paves the way for treatment strategies of such infections.
{"title":"Parasitic Fauna of Captive Snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Northeastern Argentina","authors":"M. L. Bustos, Matías N. Sánchez, G. Teibler, M. E. Peichoto","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00002.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00002.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate the status of parasitic infections of colubrid snakes living in serpentariums in northeastern Argentina. Specimens were analyzed through clinical examination and coproparasitological surveys. In cases of death, specimens were necropsied, and histopathological exams were performed to determine its cause(s). Out of 30 specimens examined from 12 different species, parasites were found in 25 of them (83%). Nematodes were most common, with rhabdiasid and ascaridid helminths accounting for 57% and 40% of all infections, respectively. Further, the ascarid Hexametra boddaertii was identified in a specimen of Erythrolamprus aesculapii. Coccidian, digenean, and pentastomid parasites were also found less frequently. We identified the pentastomids Raillietiella furcocerca and Cephalobaena tetrapoda in specimens of Pseudablabes patagoniensis. We revealed systemic lesions induced by endoparasites, including enteritis and detachment of the gut mucosa by ascarids, tissue granulomas by rhabdiasids, and pulmonary microhemorrhages by pentastomids. Additionally, rhabdiasid-induced lesions in Duvernoy's gland were shown for the first time. Regarding ectoparasites, we identified the tick Amblyomma dissimile in a specimen of P. patagoniensis. On the whole, this study provides relevant information about the prevalence and pathophysiological effects of parasites on captive colubrids and paves the way for treatment strategies of such infections.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"26 1","pages":"44 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48706825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00035.1
W. Mascarenhas, C. Oliveira, R. W. Ávila, S. C. Ribeiro
Abstract. Informa(on on the use of food resources and habitat are important tools for understanding trophic niche and ecological rela(onships. Many factors can influence the diet and ea(ng habits of anurans. Species of the genus Proceratophrys are important components of the leaf li:er frog communi(es in the Neotropical forests, including P. ararype, a species with restricted distribu(on in northeast Brazil. Therefore, we describe aspects of habitat use and evaluate the diet of P. ararype and compare these results with informa(on on other Proceratophrys species. We collected, dissected, and examined the gastrointes(nal tracts of 40 individuals, among which 55% contained food items, with 11 prey categories iden(fied. We also tested the rela(onship between prey item categories and sampling sites, differences between males and females, and the rela(onship between frog size and prey. The species can be characterized as generalist, and the volume of prey ingested was not related to the average size of the individuals. Addi(onally, the habitat most used by the anuran was leaf li:er; thus, it was inferred that this frog species uses the environment horizontally. The data found and comparisons with the literature suggest that the diet composi(on of P. ararype is determined by the availability of arthropods in the environment. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding habitat use, highligh(ng opportunis(c behavior, such as the pa:ern found for anuran amphibians, contribu(ng to elucidate the biology of anurans with relictual distribu(on, especially in semi-arid regions.
{"title":"Diet and Habitat Use of Proceratophrys ararype (Anura: Odontophrynidae), an Endemic Frog from the Chapada do Araripe, Northeastern Brazil","authors":"W. Mascarenhas, C. Oliveira, R. W. Ávila, S. C. Ribeiro","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00035.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00035.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Informa(on on the use of food resources and habitat are important tools for understanding trophic niche and ecological rela(onships. Many factors can influence the diet and ea(ng habits of anurans. Species of the genus Proceratophrys are important components of the leaf li:er frog communi(es in the Neotropical forests, including P. ararype, a species with restricted distribu(on in northeast Brazil. Therefore, we describe aspects of habitat use and evaluate the diet of P. ararype and compare these results with informa(on on other Proceratophrys species. We collected, dissected, and examined the gastrointes(nal tracts of 40 individuals, among which 55% contained food items, with 11 prey categories iden(fied. We also tested the rela(onship between prey item categories and sampling sites, differences between males and females, and the rela(onship between frog size and prey. The species can be characterized as generalist, and the volume of prey ingested was not related to the average size of the individuals. Addi(onally, the habitat most used by the anuran was leaf li:er; thus, it was inferred that this frog species uses the environment horizontally. The data found and comparisons with the literature suggest that the diet composi(on of P. ararype is determined by the availability of arthropods in the environment. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding habitat use, highligh(ng opportunis(c behavior, such as the pa:ern found for anuran amphibians, contribu(ng to elucidate the biology of anurans with relictual distribu(on, especially in semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"26 1","pages":"56 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46623577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00009.1
Karla P. García-Pelagio, Berenice Martínez Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez Hernández, Nancy Puga Calva, B. Segura-Alegría, L. Ochoa-Ochoa
Abstract. Anurans are anatomically built for jumping, requiring the muscles to contract to generate sufficient mechanical force to launch their bodies. A lot of energy is needed in the hind limbs, where the majority of the force is produced, whereas the front legs and both girdles serve mainly to support the frog's weight at rest as well as to absorb the shock of landing. Different species of anurans have different locomotion mechanisms, evidenced by comparing the mechanical contractile properties of hind limb muscles. In this study, we compared two muscles in arboreal (Agalychnis dacnicolor), terrestrial (Incilius marmoreus), and aquatic (Lithobates sierramadrensis) species of Mexican anurans. We performed low frequency in situ stimulations of the muscles and found that A. dacnicolor showed higher stresses than L. sierramadrensis and I. marmoreus in the two studied muscles, the cruralis and the gastrocnemius. Regarding the cruralis, the stress generated by the aquatic and terrestrial anurans was up to 23% less than that generated by the arboreal anuran. There was also a difference of up to 30% in the ratio of performance between low frequencies and twitch in L. sierramadrensis compared to the other anurans. These differences in muscle physiology suggest adaptive differences among species, although more comprehensive studies are needed to corroborate this hypothesis.
{"title":"Locomotion and Biomechanical Adaptations in Hind Limb Muscles of Three Mexican Anuran Species","authors":"Karla P. García-Pelagio, Berenice Martínez Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez Hernández, Nancy Puga Calva, B. Segura-Alegría, L. Ochoa-Ochoa","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00009.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00009.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Anurans are anatomically built for jumping, requiring the muscles to contract to generate sufficient mechanical force to launch their bodies. A lot of energy is needed in the hind limbs, where the majority of the force is produced, whereas the front legs and both girdles serve mainly to support the frog's weight at rest as well as to absorb the shock of landing. Different species of anurans have different locomotion mechanisms, evidenced by comparing the mechanical contractile properties of hind limb muscles. In this study, we compared two muscles in arboreal (Agalychnis dacnicolor), terrestrial (Incilius marmoreus), and aquatic (Lithobates sierramadrensis) species of Mexican anurans. We performed low frequency in situ stimulations of the muscles and found that A. dacnicolor showed higher stresses than L. sierramadrensis and I. marmoreus in the two studied muscles, the cruralis and the gastrocnemius. Regarding the cruralis, the stress generated by the aquatic and terrestrial anurans was up to 23% less than that generated by the arboreal anuran. There was also a difference of up to 30% in the ratio of performance between low frequencies and twitch in L. sierramadrensis compared to the other anurans. These differences in muscle physiology suggest adaptive differences among species, although more comprehensive studies are needed to corroborate this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"26 1","pages":"37 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43010203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00025.1
María de Fuentes-Fernández, M. Suárez-Rancel, Paula de Quintana-Gómez, M. Molina-Borja
Abstract. Individual parasite load depends on several factors such as sex, body size or climatic conditions. In turn, parasites may produce several short- and long-term pathologies. Herein, we analyze the ectoparasite load of the Geckobia mite in two ecologically contrasting populations (north and south of Tenerife) of the gecko Tarentola delalandii. For this purpose, we performed random transects to capture geckos under rocks in each population and counted all mites found on any part of each gecko's body. A generalized linear model showed no significant effect on mite abundance of site, season, sex (within population), condition index, or temperature of the refuges. However, there were significant effects of the interactions between season by condition index and season by sex (nested within population). Parasitism was higher in individuals with lower body index values in autumn–winter than those with higher body condition in spring–summer. Moreover, females of the northern population were more heavily parasitized than males and juveniles in the year's cooler months. We discuss several potential explanations for these results.
{"title":"Season, Body Condition, and Sex Variation of Ectoparasite Abundance in Tarentola delalandii (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from Two Ecologically Contrasting Populations of Tenerife (Canary Islands)","authors":"María de Fuentes-Fernández, M. Suárez-Rancel, Paula de Quintana-Gómez, M. Molina-Borja","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00025.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00025.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Individual parasite load depends on several factors such as sex, body size or climatic conditions. In turn, parasites may produce several short- and long-term pathologies. Herein, we analyze the ectoparasite load of the Geckobia mite in two ecologically contrasting populations (north and south of Tenerife) of the gecko Tarentola delalandii. For this purpose, we performed random transects to capture geckos under rocks in each population and counted all mites found on any part of each gecko's body. A generalized linear model showed no significant effect on mite abundance of site, season, sex (within population), condition index, or temperature of the refuges. However, there were significant effects of the interactions between season by condition index and season by sex (nested within population). Parasitism was higher in individuals with lower body index values in autumn–winter than those with higher body condition in spring–summer. Moreover, females of the northern population were more heavily parasitized than males and juveniles in the year's cooler months. We discuss several potential explanations for these results.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"26 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49185600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00013.1
Darko D. Cotoras, Marcela A Vidal
Abstract. Tail bifurcation in lizards is caused by an anomalous regeneration process after tail autotomy. A recent review shows that nearly half of the records came from social media and one of the less represented families was Liolaemidae (one case). The genus Liolaemus is mostly distributed along countries in the southern Andes, which have low numbers of tail bifurcation reports. Is the low incidence of tail bifurcation in Liolaemus a real biological phenomenon, or just a sampling artifact? Due to the lack of targeted searches and the large number of species on this group, we expect that an extensive survey will significantly increase the number of cases. We reviewed the scientific literature, internet sites, and social media (Instagram, Facebook, Flickr, and iNaturalist, 2020) using search terms in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. We found 16 tail bifurcation events corresponding to seven species, including a novel field observation. All bifurcations occur on the distal half of the tail congruently with described trends. Liolaemus tenuis was the most commonly recorded species, which could be explained by its presence in urban and natural areas. The same oversampling bias might affect the geographic distribution of all records. Our field observation might correspond to the first documented re-sight of a lizard with bifurcated tail. With the majority of records from social media, this study exemplifies the relevance of citizen science to document rare events. But, at the same time, it is a warning call for the need of more academic validation of the natural history and museum-based work.
{"title":"Tail Bifurcation Incidence in Liolaemus Lizards Assessed through Citizen Science and Naturalist Notes","authors":"Darko D. Cotoras, Marcela A Vidal","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00013.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tail bifurcation in lizards is caused by an anomalous regeneration process after tail autotomy. A recent review shows that nearly half of the records came from social media and one of the less represented families was Liolaemidae (one case). The genus Liolaemus is mostly distributed along countries in the southern Andes, which have low numbers of tail bifurcation reports. Is the low incidence of tail bifurcation in Liolaemus a real biological phenomenon, or just a sampling artifact? Due to the lack of targeted searches and the large number of species on this group, we expect that an extensive survey will significantly increase the number of cases. We reviewed the scientific literature, internet sites, and social media (Instagram, Facebook, Flickr, and iNaturalist, 2020) using search terms in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. We found 16 tail bifurcation events corresponding to seven species, including a novel field observation. All bifurcations occur on the distal half of the tail congruently with described trends. Liolaemus tenuis was the most commonly recorded species, which could be explained by its presence in urban and natural areas. The same oversampling bias might affect the geographic distribution of all records. Our field observation might correspond to the first documented re-sight of a lizard with bifurcated tail. With the majority of records from social media, this study exemplifies the relevance of citizen science to document rare events. But, at the same time, it is a warning call for the need of more academic validation of the natural history and museum-based work.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"26 1","pages":"29 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48003679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00060.1
S. Poe, J. L. Pérez-González, J. Barnett, L. A. Rueda-Solano
Abstract. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia is home to several endemic species. Here we show that the names of two purported endemic lizard species, Anolis umbrivagus and A. paravertebralis, are junior synonyms of Santa Marta endemic A. solitarius. We present morphological evidence for this inference and photographs of A. solitarius in life.
{"title":"Anolis paravertebralis Bernal-Carlo and Roze, 2005 and A. umbrivagus Bernal-Carlo and Roze, 2005 are Junior Synonyms of A. solitarius Ruthven, 1916 (Squamata: Dactyloidae)","authors":"S. Poe, J. L. Pérez-González, J. Barnett, L. A. Rueda-Solano","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00060.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00060.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia is home to several endemic species. Here we show that the names of two purported endemic lizard species, Anolis umbrivagus and A. paravertebralis, are junior synonyms of Santa Marta endemic A. solitarius. We present morphological evidence for this inference and photographs of A. solitarius in life.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"26 1","pages":"11 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44288810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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