Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00092.1
T. C. Portelinha, L. Verdade, C. Piña
Abstract. Night count surveys are one of the most used methods to study distribution and population parameters in crocodilians. However, there are some methodological constraints that prevent the visualization of animals submerged or hidden behind vegetation. We studied the proportion of caimans that were detectable to observers during night count surveys based on the monitoring of seven adult Caiman latirostris females with radio transmitters (VHF, GPS, and UHF). Fieldwork was carried out in a protected area with a natural stream and a lagoon (30°11′26″S, 61°00′27″W) between 12 January and 29 April 2011 in Santa Fe, Argentina. Only locations acquired at night (18:00–05:00) were considered for analysis, and those acquired within vegetation were considered potentially undetectable. As the lagoon is mostly covered with vegetation (e.g., cattail), most of the animals were not visible to observers (62.5–100%, average > 80%). In contrast, virtually all individuals (100%) were potentially visible in the stream. The use of data collected in telemetry studies can be useful to estimate detectability of cryptic species such as the broad-snouted caiman. An understanding of animal detectability is necessary, as counts of individuals is often used in decision-making for crocodilian conservation, sustainable use, and control.
{"title":"Detectability of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Night Count Surveys","authors":"T. C. Portelinha, L. Verdade, C. Piña","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00092.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00092.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Night count surveys are one of the most used methods to study distribution and population parameters in crocodilians. However, there are some methodological constraints that prevent the visualization of animals submerged or hidden behind vegetation. We studied the proportion of caimans that were detectable to observers during night count surveys based on the monitoring of seven adult Caiman latirostris females with radio transmitters (VHF, GPS, and UHF). Fieldwork was carried out in a protected area with a natural stream and a lagoon (30°11′26″S, 61°00′27″W) between 12 January and 29 April 2011 in Santa Fe, Argentina. Only locations acquired at night (18:00–05:00) were considered for analysis, and those acquired within vegetation were considered potentially undetectable. As the lagoon is mostly covered with vegetation (e.g., cattail), most of the animals were not visible to observers (62.5–100%, average > 80%). In contrast, virtually all individuals (100%) were potentially visible in the stream. The use of data collected in telemetry studies can be useful to estimate detectability of cryptic species such as the broad-snouted caiman. An understanding of animal detectability is necessary, as counts of individuals is often used in decision-making for crocodilian conservation, sustainable use, and control.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"23 1","pages":"25 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44095409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00014.1
Eliza Patiño-Ocampo, Luisa María González-Garzón, Lina María Martinez-Toro, M. Rivera-Correa
Abstract. We describe the advertisement call of Pristimantis zophus, a small and endemic Colombian rainfrog distributed throughout the cloud forests of the northern region of Western Andes. We analyzed 163 advertisement calls from six males. The advertisement call of P. zophus is relatively simple, short, with a duration of 0.227 ± 0.126 s (0.090–0.415), and consists of one or two notes of a single pulse and dominant frequency of 2.97 ± 0.100 (2.72–3.21 kHz). In addition, we briefly discuss aspects of the variation of the advertisement call and report some observations of the natural history of this species.
{"title":"The Advertisement Call of Pristimantis zophus (Lynch and Ardila-Robayo, 1999), an Endemic Rainfrog from Colombia (Anura, Strabomantidae)","authors":"Eliza Patiño-Ocampo, Luisa María González-Garzón, Lina María Martinez-Toro, M. Rivera-Correa","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00014.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00014.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We describe the advertisement call of Pristimantis zophus, a small and endemic Colombian rainfrog distributed throughout the cloud forests of the northern region of Western Andes. We analyzed 163 advertisement calls from six males. The advertisement call of P. zophus is relatively simple, short, with a duration of 0.227 ± 0.126 s (0.090–0.415), and consists of one or two notes of a single pulse and dominant frequency of 2.97 ± 0.100 (2.72–3.21 kHz). In addition, we briefly discuss aspects of the variation of the advertisement call and report some observations of the natural history of this species.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"23 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46923819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00015.1
Kaera L Utsumi, C. Staley, M. Eifler, H. Núñez, D. Eifler
Abstract. Liolaemus is a species-rich genus endemic to South America with relatively little known about the biology of most of the > 200 included species. One species, L. silvai is common in the coastal Atacama Desert and is sexually dimorphic. We studied their phenotypic variation in color and body size, as well as habitat use by capturing lizards active on the surface. To assess phenotypic variation, we categorized the color morph of each lizard based on visible coloration in their ventral throat region and their ventral body from the shoulder girdle to the hips. We also sexed each lizard, measured snout–vent length and body mass, and recorded incidences of tail breakage. For habitat use we measured perch height, distance from the rock edge to nearest vegetation, and the height of the rocks on which lizards were initially sighted. We assessed habitat selection by comparing perch characteristics to features available in the habitat by pairing capture rocks with the nearest rock in a random direction from the initial perch site. Male L. silvai were significantly larger than females, but color morph and tail break frequency were independent of sex. Lizards used rocks that were significantly closer to vegetation than random rocks available in the environment independently of sex or color morph. We document the same pattern for perch height. Future studies are needed to examine the exact role of vegetation for L. silvai.
{"title":"Color Variation and Habitat Use in Liolaemus silvai","authors":"Kaera L Utsumi, C. Staley, M. Eifler, H. Núñez, D. Eifler","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00015.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00015.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Liolaemus is a species-rich genus endemic to South America with relatively little known about the biology of most of the > 200 included species. One species, L. silvai is common in the coastal Atacama Desert and is sexually dimorphic. We studied their phenotypic variation in color and body size, as well as habitat use by capturing lizards active on the surface. To assess phenotypic variation, we categorized the color morph of each lizard based on visible coloration in their ventral throat region and their ventral body from the shoulder girdle to the hips. We also sexed each lizard, measured snout–vent length and body mass, and recorded incidences of tail breakage. For habitat use we measured perch height, distance from the rock edge to nearest vegetation, and the height of the rocks on which lizards were initially sighted. We assessed habitat selection by comparing perch characteristics to features available in the habitat by pairing capture rocks with the nearest rock in a random direction from the initial perch site. Male L. silvai were significantly larger than females, but color morph and tail break frequency were independent of sex. Lizards used rocks that were significantly closer to vegetation than random rocks available in the environment independently of sex or color morph. We document the same pattern for perch height. Future studies are needed to examine the exact role of vegetation for L. silvai.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"21 1","pages":"80 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41816175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00068.1
H. M. Ortega-Andrade, J. Deichmann, J. C. Chaparro
Abstract. Fieldwork in premontane and lowland Amazonian forest (385–1,075 m above sea level) in and around the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve in southeastern Peru led us to describe two new species of the genus Pristimantis. We used integrative evidence from several external morphological characters, morphometric and molecular data, geographic distributions, and multivariate analyses to support the identification of these new species. Pristimantis gagliardi sp. nov. is characterized by lacking a visible tympanic annulus and membrane on skin, having basal webbing between toes, yellow blotches in groin and hidden surfaces of shanks, W-shaped scapular mark, snout subacuminate bearing a very small papilla at tip of snout, and snout–vent length (SVL) = 17.7–21.3 mm in adult males and SVL = 26.7–29.2 mm in females. Pristimantis okmoi sp. nov. is characterized by having a visible tympanic annulus and membrane on skin, basal webbing between toes, yellow blotches in groin and hidden surfaces of shanks, W-shaped scapular mark, snout rounded with small rostral papilla, and SVL = 13.63–17.04 mm in adult males; females unknown. Both species were initially misidentified as P. carvalhoi or P. imitatrix. Additionally, we provide new morphological and phylogenetic data on adult specimens of Pristimantis imitatrix, a rare Amazonian species described based on a single subadult female.
{"title":"Two New Cryptic Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae) from the Southern Amazon Basin of Peru with Taxonomic Comments on Pristimantis imitatrix (Duellman, 1978)","authors":"H. M. Ortega-Andrade, J. Deichmann, J. C. Chaparro","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00068.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00068.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fieldwork in premontane and lowland Amazonian forest (385–1,075 m above sea level) in and around the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve in southeastern Peru led us to describe two new species of the genus Pristimantis. We used integrative evidence from several external morphological characters, morphometric and molecular data, geographic distributions, and multivariate analyses to support the identification of these new species. Pristimantis gagliardi sp. nov. is characterized by lacking a visible tympanic annulus and membrane on skin, having basal webbing between toes, yellow blotches in groin and hidden surfaces of shanks, W-shaped scapular mark, snout subacuminate bearing a very small papilla at tip of snout, and snout–vent length (SVL) = 17.7–21.3 mm in adult males and SVL = 26.7–29.2 mm in females. Pristimantis okmoi sp. nov. is characterized by having a visible tympanic annulus and membrane on skin, basal webbing between toes, yellow blotches in groin and hidden surfaces of shanks, W-shaped scapular mark, snout rounded with small rostral papilla, and SVL = 13.63–17.04 mm in adult males; females unknown. Both species were initially misidentified as P. carvalhoi or P. imitatrix. Additionally, we provide new morphological and phylogenetic data on adult specimens of Pristimantis imitatrix, a rare Amazonian species described based on a single subadult female.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"21 1","pages":"41 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69931667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.2994/sajh-21.1-00000.1
{"title":"Cover and Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.2994/sajh-21.1-00000.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/sajh-21.1-00000.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"21 1","pages":"i - i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44682986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00102.1
G. Lobos, Nicolás Rebolledo, A. Charrier, Claudio Correa, Felipe E. Rabanal, Marcela A Vidal
Abstract. Eupsophus insularis inhabits a small island in the southeast Pacific, and its natural history is unknown. The species is listed as Critically Endangered based on its restricted distribution, i.e., an island under ongoing habitat deterioration. We assessed the distribution, habitat requirements, density, diet, and threats of the species with the aim of proposing strategies for its conservation. The species is restricted to a terrestrial strip 24–205 m above sea level associated with pristine temperate humid forests located in areas of low slope. A capture–recapture study indicated that its density was 15–66 individuals/ha of optimal habitat. Its diet is composed mainly of invertebrates of the humid forest floor. The high prevalence of chytrid fungus and habitat loss are important threats to the species. Herein, we present data to help with the management of the species on the island and that might help in designing more robust strategies to mitigate present and future threats.
{"title":"Natural History of the Mocha Island Ground Frog Eupsophus insularis, a Critically Endangered Species","authors":"G. Lobos, Nicolás Rebolledo, A. Charrier, Claudio Correa, Felipe E. Rabanal, Marcela A Vidal","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00102.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00102.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Eupsophus insularis inhabits a small island in the southeast Pacific, and its natural history is unknown. The species is listed as Critically Endangered based on its restricted distribution, i.e., an island under ongoing habitat deterioration. We assessed the distribution, habitat requirements, density, diet, and threats of the species with the aim of proposing strategies for its conservation. The species is restricted to a terrestrial strip 24–205 m above sea level associated with pristine temperate humid forests located in areas of low slope. A capture–recapture study indicated that its density was 15–66 individuals/ha of optimal habitat. Its diet is composed mainly of invertebrates of the humid forest floor. The high prevalence of chytrid fungus and habitat loss are important threats to the species. Herein, we present data to help with the management of the species on the island and that might help in designing more robust strategies to mitigate present and future threats.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"21 1","pages":"70 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49436600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00103.1
M. M. Struett, André E Confetti, Peterson T. Leivas
Abstract. Communication often mediates social interactions, including reproduction, defense, and competition. In anurans, vocal sacs are used in communication during interactions, and they may be controlled in a variety of ways. Hylodes heyeri is diurnal and inhabits streams in the Atlantic Forest of South America. Its vocalizations are complex, probably due to living in a noisy environment, and can involve either unilateral or bilateral inflation of their paired vocal sacs. Here, we analyze the acoustic parameters of territorial calls when the Brazilian Torrent frog inflates one or two vocal sacs in response to territorial calls from playback. Males using two vocal sacs emitted fewer notes per call, had longer note duration, and higher frequencies than males using one vocal sac. We conclude that the strategy of control of the paired vocal sacs in this genus may be related to the energy expenditure for vocalization, mainly in close interactions between individuals.
{"title":"The Brazilian Torrent Frog Controls Its Paired Vocal Sacs Independently: Implications for Acoustic Parameters","authors":"M. M. Struett, André E Confetti, Peterson T. Leivas","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00103.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00103.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Communication often mediates social interactions, including reproduction, defense, and competition. In anurans, vocal sacs are used in communication during interactions, and they may be controlled in a variety of ways. Hylodes heyeri is diurnal and inhabits streams in the Atlantic Forest of South America. Its vocalizations are complex, probably due to living in a noisy environment, and can involve either unilateral or bilateral inflation of their paired vocal sacs. Here, we analyze the acoustic parameters of territorial calls when the Brazilian Torrent frog inflates one or two vocal sacs in response to territorial calls from playback. Males using two vocal sacs emitted fewer notes per call, had longer note duration, and higher frequencies than males using one vocal sac. We conclude that the strategy of control of the paired vocal sacs in this genus may be related to the energy expenditure for vocalization, mainly in close interactions between individuals.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"21 1","pages":"65 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49021150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover and Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.2994/sajh-22-00000.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/sajh-22-00000.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"22 1","pages":"i - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48800810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-20-00042.1
T. Pezzuti, Felipe Sá Fortes Leite, D. Rossa-Feres, Paulo Christiano Anchietta Garcia
Abstract. Knowledge of tadpole morphology and natural history is essential to understand and protect anuran diversity. We provide a regional taxonomic catalog of the tadpoles that occur in the Iron Quadrangle (IQ, Quadrilátero Ferrífero), a hotspot of amphibian diversity and highly threatened region in southeastern Brazil. Using a standardized methodology, free-living larvae of 67 species belonging to 25 genera and 11 families are described and illustrated, including photographs of most species in life, natural history notes, and taxonomic comments. Larvae of seven species and/or candidate species (viz., Fritziana aff. fissilis, Bokermannohyla gr. circumdata, Bokermannohyla aff. nanuzae, Pithecopus aff. rohdei, Scinax aff. machadoi, Scinax aff. perereca, and Scinax rogerioi) are described for the first time and compared to congeners. Most tadpoles of candidate species exhibited remarkable differences in morphology compared to closely related congeners, which could provide diagnostic characters for further formal descriptions. The observed material of many of the previously known tadpoles deviated from published descriptions, which might be useful in future taxonomic studies (e.g., providing characters for the taxonomic delimitation of either small-range species or widespread cryptic species complexes). Illustrated dichotomous and multi-access identification keys are presented, allowing most species to be readily identified using reliable characters. Considering the high-level threat and huge impacts on IQ's biodiversity and ecosystem services, particularly from mining, the results presented here provide an important foundation for research and conservation of anuran in this region. Finally, we stress that IQ harbors one of the most ecomorphologically diverse Brazilian tadpole assemblages.
{"title":"The Tadpoles of the Iron Quadrangle, Southeastern Brazil: A Baseline for Larval Knowledge and Anuran Conservation in a Diverse and Threatened Region","authors":"T. Pezzuti, Felipe Sá Fortes Leite, D. Rossa-Feres, Paulo Christiano Anchietta Garcia","doi":"10.2994/sajh-d-20-00042.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/sajh-d-20-00042.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Knowledge of tadpole morphology and natural history is essential to understand and protect anuran diversity. We provide a regional taxonomic catalog of the tadpoles that occur in the Iron Quadrangle (IQ, Quadrilátero Ferrífero), a hotspot of amphibian diversity and highly threatened region in southeastern Brazil. Using a standardized methodology, free-living larvae of 67 species belonging to 25 genera and 11 families are described and illustrated, including photographs of most species in life, natural history notes, and taxonomic comments. Larvae of seven species and/or candidate species (viz., Fritziana aff. fissilis, Bokermannohyla gr. circumdata, Bokermannohyla aff. nanuzae, Pithecopus aff. rohdei, Scinax aff. machadoi, Scinax aff. perereca, and Scinax rogerioi) are described for the first time and compared to congeners. Most tadpoles of candidate species exhibited remarkable differences in morphology compared to closely related congeners, which could provide diagnostic characters for further formal descriptions. The observed material of many of the previously known tadpoles deviated from published descriptions, which might be useful in future taxonomic studies (e.g., providing characters for the taxonomic delimitation of either small-range species or widespread cryptic species complexes). Illustrated dichotomous and multi-access identification keys are presented, allowing most species to be readily identified using reliable characters. Considering the high-level threat and huge impacts on IQ's biodiversity and ecosystem services, particularly from mining, the results presented here provide an important foundation for research and conservation of anuran in this region. Finally, we stress that IQ harbors one of the most ecomorphologically diverse Brazilian tadpole assemblages.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46842793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00109.1
A. Aranciaga-Rolando, F. Agnolín, A. Martinelli, Viviana E. Buide
Abstract. The fossil record of the genus Bothrops is still sparse in South America. Most records belong to extant species recovered in strata not older than the late Pleistocene. The genus was also tentatively reported from the early Pliocene and early–middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, based on fragmentary specimens. The aim of the present contribution is to report the partial vertebral column of a viperid snake discovered in the lower Pliocene layers of Farola de Monte Hermoso locality, southern Buenos Aires province. The specimen can be referred to the extant genus Bothrops, representing the oldest occurrence for this taxon. This finding supports the hypothesis sustained by previous authors that indicate a “stasis” in the evolution of the South American herpetofauna since the late Neogene, at least.
摘要Bothrops属的化石记录在南美洲仍然稀少。大多数记录属于在不早于更新世晚期的地层中发现的现存物种。根据碎片标本，该属也在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省上新世早期和更新世早期中期被初步报道。本论文的目的是报道在布宜诺斯艾利斯省南部Farola de Monte Hermoso地区的上新世下层发现的一条毒蛇的部分脊柱。该标本可以被称为现存的Bothrops属，代表了该分类单元最古老的存在。这一发现支持了先前作者的假设，即至少自新第三纪晚期以来，南美洲疱疹动物的进化处于“停滞期”。
{"title":"Oldest Record of the Pit-Viper Bothrops (Squamata, Viperidae), from the Lower Pliocene of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina","authors":"A. Aranciaga-Rolando, F. Agnolín, A. Martinelli, Viviana E. Buide","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00109.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00109.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The fossil record of the genus Bothrops is still sparse in South America. Most records belong to extant species recovered in strata not older than the late Pleistocene. The genus was also tentatively reported from the early Pliocene and early–middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, based on fragmentary specimens. The aim of the present contribution is to report the partial vertebral column of a viperid snake discovered in the lower Pliocene layers of Farola de Monte Hermoso locality, southern Buenos Aires province. The specimen can be referred to the extant genus Bothrops, representing the oldest occurrence for this taxon. This finding supports the hypothesis sustained by previous authors that indicate a “stasis” in the evolution of the South American herpetofauna since the late Neogene, at least.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"21 1","pages":"34 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44842290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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